地震波衰减和频散属性的提取及其在油气检测中的应用
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摘要
地震波穿过地层时会发生频散和衰减,岩层中含有油气等流体时,频散和衰减有其特殊性,双相介质理论能很好地刻画地下介质含有流体时的情况。本文基于双相介质理论公式,研究流体参数和频率对地震波衰减和频散的影响规律。结果表明:地震波低频成分衰减较弱,高频成分衰减较强;黏弹性强的流体频散强,粘弹性低的流体频散弱;衰减和频散可以作为油气存在的标志。文中通过广义S变换,对实际地震资料计算,较准确地提取地震波的低频、高频能量和频散特征曲线,并对实际资料进行了含油气性预测,取得了与钻井一致的结果。
The seismic wave attenuates and disperses when it is propagating through the subsurface hydrocarbon area.The dual-phase media theory can simulate the real subsurface media with fluids.The seismic attenuation and dispersion under the influence of fluid coefficients and frequency is discussed based on the theory of dual-phase media theory.The results show that the low frequency energy is relatively higher and the high frequency energy is relatively lower as a result of the attenuation.The porous fluid with high viscoelasticity generates strong dispersion while the low-viscoelastic fluid generates weak dispersion.Attenuation and dispersion can be the sign of oil and gas existence.In this paper,the S-transform is used to extract the low frequency energy,high frequency energy and dispersion attributes of the seismic data.These attributes are applied to predict the hydrocarbon areas.The results are accordant with the well data.
The seismic wave attenuates and disperses when it is propagating through the subsurface hydrocarbon area.The dual-phase media theory can simulate the real subsurface media with fluids.The seismic attenuation and dispersion under the influence of fluid coefficients and frequency is discussed based on the theory of dual-phase media theory.The results show that the low frequency energy is relatively higher and the high frequency energy is relatively lower as a result of the attenuation.The porous fluid with high viscoelasticity generates strong dispersion while the low-viscoelastic fluid generates weak dispersion.Attenuation and dispersion can be the sign of oil and gas existence.In this paper,the S-transform is used to extract the low frequency energy,high frequency energy and dispersion attributes of the seismic data.These attributes are applied to predict the hydrocarbon areas.The results are accordant with the well data.
引文
[1]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid:Low-frequency range[J].Acoust Soc Amer,1956,28:168-178.
[2]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid:High-frequency range[J].Acoust Soc Amer,1956,28:179-191.
[3]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A Unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms[J].Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[4]Parra J O.The transversely isotropic poroelastic wave equation including the Biot and the squirt mechanism:Theory and application[J].Geophysics,1997,62:309-318.
[5]Müller T M,Gurevich B,Lebedev M.Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave-induced flow in porous rocks—A review[J].Geophysics,2010,75(A):147-164.
[6]Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109:B01201.
[7]Müller T M,Gurevich B.Wave-induced fluid flow in random porous media:Attenuation and dispersion of elastic waves[J].Acoustical Society America,2005,117:2732-2741.
[8]Odebeatu E,Zhang J,Chapman M,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):206-210.
[9]张会星,何兵寿,姜效典,等.利用地震波在双相介质中的衰减特性检测油气[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):343-349.
[10]孙万元,张会星,杜艺可.匹配追踪时频分析在油气检测中的应用[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(4):51-57.
[11]杜艺可,张会星,孙万元.双相Biot模型的纵波相速度与衰减特性及其与BISQ模型的对比[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(4):453-458.
[12]董建华,顾汉明,张星.几种时频分析方法的比较及应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(4):312-315.
[13]Griffin D,Jae Lim.Signal estimation from modified short-time Fourier transform[J].IEEE Transaction on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1984,32(2):236-243.
[14]Daubechies I.The wavelet transform time-frequency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEE Trans Inform Theory,1990,36:961-1004.
[15]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
[2]Biot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid-saturated porous solid:High-frequency range[J].Acoust Soc Amer,1956,28:179-191.
[3]Dvorkin J,Nur A.Dynamic poroelasticity:A Unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms[J].Geophysics,1993,58(4):524-533.
[4]Parra J O.The transversely isotropic poroelastic wave equation including the Biot and the squirt mechanism:Theory and application[J].Geophysics,1997,62:309-318.
[5]Müller T M,Gurevich B,Lebedev M.Seismic wave attenuation and dispersion resulting from wave-induced flow in porous rocks—A review[J].Geophysics,2010,75(A):147-164.
[6]Pride S R,Berryman J G,Harris J M.Seismic attenuation due to wave-induced flow[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109:B01201.
[7]Müller T M,Gurevich B.Wave-induced fluid flow in random porous media:Attenuation and dispersion of elastic waves[J].Acoustical Society America,2005,117:2732-2741.
[8]Odebeatu E,Zhang J,Chapman M,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to detection of dispersion anomalies associated with gas saturation[J].The Leading Edge,2006,25(2):206-210.
[9]张会星,何兵寿,姜效典,等.利用地震波在双相介质中的衰减特性检测油气[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(3):343-349.
[10]孙万元,张会星,杜艺可.匹配追踪时频分析在油气检测中的应用[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2011,30(4):51-57.
[11]杜艺可,张会星,孙万元.双相Biot模型的纵波相速度与衰减特性及其与BISQ模型的对比[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(4):453-458.
[12]董建华,顾汉明,张星.几种时频分析方法的比较及应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(4):312-315.
[13]Griffin D,Jae Lim.Signal estimation from modified short-time Fourier transform[J].IEEE Transaction on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1984,32(2):236-243.
[14]Daubechies I.The wavelet transform time-frequency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEE Trans Inform Theory,1990,36:961-1004.
[15]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:The S-transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,17(6):998-1001.
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