基于高程测量控制点和工程破坏对汶川地震都江堰段地表破裂特征的重新界定
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摘要
利用紫坪铺库区的GPS监测资料和都江堰市的地籍控制点的复测资料,获得同震垂直位移,并结合区内工程的破坏特征,发现都江堰段的地表破裂由三支组成:映秀段地表特征清晰,同震垂直位错为1.5～2 m;龙池段穿过龙池隧道西北端和龙溪隧道南东段,同震垂直位错约为0.8 m;紫坪铺段从库区中部通过,同震垂直位错为0.7m。三支在虹口段合并为一支,共同组成中央断裂的初始破裂段。另外,利用近断层的同震位错量获得的同震抬升量大于区域地表抬升,说明近断层存在同震位移突变的特征。
The distribution of surface rupture of Wenchuan earthquake at Dujiangyan segment remains controversial for lack of direct geological evidence.We use new-collected GPS survey controlling points at the Dujiangyan reservoir and postseismic resurveyed cadastral data and combine some engineering damages in the studied area to obtain coseismic vertical displacements.The results demonstrate that the Dujiangyan surface rupture segment consists of three branches: the Yingxiu part has a clear geomorphological feature with a vertical displacement of 1.5-2 m;the Longchi part ruptured the Longchi and Longxi tunnels with a vertical displacement of about 0.8 m,the Zipingpu part passed through the Zipingpu reservoir with a uplift of 0.7 m.Finally,the three rupture parts merge into one eastward segment at Hongkou town and collectively comprise the initial rupture fault segment.In addition,regional uplift is smaller than coseismic vertical displacements along the ruptured faults,suggestive of an abrupt increase at the fault zone.
The distribution of surface rupture of Wenchuan earthquake at Dujiangyan segment remains controversial for lack of direct geological evidence.We use new-collected GPS survey controlling points at the Dujiangyan reservoir and postseismic resurveyed cadastral data and combine some engineering damages in the studied area to obtain coseismic vertical displacements.The results demonstrate that the Dujiangyan surface rupture segment consists of three branches: the Yingxiu part has a clear geomorphological feature with a vertical displacement of 1.5-2 m;the Longchi part ruptured the Longchi and Longxi tunnels with a vertical displacement of about 0.8 m,the Zipingpu part passed through the Zipingpu reservoir with a uplift of 0.7 m.Finally,the three rupture parts merge into one eastward segment at Hongkou town and collectively comprise the initial rupture fault segment.In addition,regional uplift is smaller than coseismic vertical displacements along the ruptured faults,suggestive of an abrupt increase at the fault zone.
引文
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18李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750.(Li Tianbin.Failure characteristics and influence factor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750)
19任俊杰,等.龙门山推覆构造带中段山前断裂晚第四纪活动的地质与地球物理证据[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1 929-1 941.(Ren Junjie,et al.Geolog-ical and geophysical evidences of late Quaternary activity of the range-front fault along the mid-segment of the Longmen-shan thrust belt.Chinese J Geophys.,2012,55(6):1929-1 941)
2 Ren J,et al.Surface Rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan,Chi-na,Earthquake in the Qingping Stepover Determined fromGeomorphologic Surveying and Excavation,and Its TectonicImplications[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of A-merica,2010,100(5B):2 651-2 659.
3 Tong X,et al.Coseismic slip model of the 2008 Wenchuanearthquake derived from joint inversion of interferometricsynthetic aperture radar,GPS,and field data[J].Journalof Geophysical Research,2010,115(B04314):doi:10.1029/2009JB006625.
4徐锡伟,等.5.12汶川地震地表破裂基本参数的再论证及其构造内涵分析[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(10):2 321-2 336.(Xu Xiwei,et al.Reevaluation of surfacerutpure parameters of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and itstectonic implication for Tibetan uplift[J].Chinese J Geo-phys.,2010,53(10):2 321-2 336)
5 Liu-Zeng J,et al.Co-seismic ruptures of the 12 May 2008,Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan:East-west crustalshortening on oblique,parallel thrusts along the eastern edgeof Tibet[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2009,286(3-4):355-370.
6 Zhou R J,et al.Surface rupture and hazard characteristicsof the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake,Sichuan,China[J].Natural Science,2010,2(3):160-174.
7付碧宏,等.2008年汶川地震断层北川段的几何学与运动学特征及地震地质灾害效应[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):485-495.(Fu Bihong,et al.Geometryand kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surfaceruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County,Si-chuan:Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologicdisasters[J].Chinese J Geophys.,2009,52(2):485-495)
8李海兵,等.2008年5月12日汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表破裂带的分布特征[J].中国地质,2008,35(5):803-813.(Li Haibing,et al.The surface rupture zone distribu-tion of the Wenchuan earthquake(Ms8.0)happened onMay 12th,2008[J].Geology in China,2008,35(5):803-813)
9任俊杰,等.汶川8级地震地表破裂带特征及其构造意义[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(6):47-52.(Ren Junjie,et al.Characteristics of surface rupture zone ofWenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and its tectonic implications[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(6):47-52)
10 Xu X,et al.Coseismic reverse-and oblique-slip surfacefaulting generated by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earth-quake,China[J].Geology,2009,37(6):515-518.
11 Lin A,et al.Co-seismic thrusting rupture and slip distribu-tion produced by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake,China[J].Tectonophysics,2009,471(3-4):203-215.
12 Wang Q,et al.Co-seismic vertical deformation of the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from repeated levelings and itsconstraint on listric fault geometry[J].Earthquake Sci-ence,2009,22(6):595-602.
13 Wang Q,et al.Rupture of deep faults in the 2008 Wen-chuan earthquake and uplift of the Longmen Shan[J].Na-ture Geoscience,2011,4(9):634-640.
14李志才,等.基于GPS观测数据的汶川地震断层形变反演分析[J].测绘学报,2009,38(2):108-113.(Li Zhicai,et al.Wenchuan earthquake deformation fault inversion and analysis based on GPS observations[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2009,38(2):108-113)
15张培震.GPS测定的2008年汶川Ms8.0级地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(10):1 195-1 208.(Zhang Peizhen.Coseimic displacement field of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake(Ms8.0)based on GPS measurement[J].Sciences in China(D series):Earth Sciences,2008,38(10):1 195-1 208)
16李鸿晶,等.汶川地震桥梁震害的特征[J].南京工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(1):24-29.(Li Hongjing,et al.Charcteristics of bridge damages in Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2009,31(1):24-29)
17裴军令,等.汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表建筑体变形特征及其构造意义[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(3):513-523.(Pei Junling,et al.Surface building deformation caused by Wenchuan earthquake(Ms8.0)and its tectonic implications[J].Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(3):513-523)
18李天斌.汶川特大地震中山岭隧道变形破坏特征及影响因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):742-750.(Li Tianbin.Failure characteristics and influence factor analysis of mountain tunnels at epicenter zones of great Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):742-750)
19任俊杰,等.龙门山推覆构造带中段山前断裂晚第四纪活动的地质与地球物理证据[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6):1 929-1 941.(Ren Junjie,et al.Geolog-ical and geophysical evidences of late Quaternary activity of the range-front fault along the mid-segment of the Longmen-shan thrust belt.Chinese J Geophys.,2012,55(6):1929-1 941)
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