云南三江造山带近东西向构造特征及其研究意义
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摘要
对地球物理位场进行处理分析的结果表明 ,在云南三江造山带近南—北向为主的构造框架背景中 ,存在有多处与之相互正交或斜交的近东—西向构造 ,这些近东西方向展布的构造呈现出隐伏或深部构造特点。在布格重力异常影像中表现为大波长、幅值低的深部构造带特征 ;地质上表现为一系列近东—西向出现的断裂、岩体和矿床的成带分布 ;遥感解译结果则表现出在三江造山带内有多条平行展布的浅埋深东西向隐伏构造带。本文结合地质、地球物理地震波速信息等资料 ,对该区近东西向构造特征及分布规律进行探讨后提出三江地区存在的近东西—向展布的近东西向构造可能是青藏高原主碰撞造山后 ,各块体物质向东南挤出的深部物质流变构造的反映 ,也可能是在三江造山带挤压碰撞及走滑拉张环境下的伸展构造或老构造的再活化。它的形成机制可能类似于青藏高原南部南—北向伸展构造 (裂谷 )。近东—西向构造的深入研究和成因再认识对于深入分析云南三江地区复杂的地质构造 ,区域地壳演化历史 ,特别对是重新认识区域成矿规律、指导找矿具有重要意义
An analysis of the geophysical field shows that there are several nearly east—west structures in the Sanjiang (i.e. three rivers: the Jinsha, Nujiang and Lancang rivers) orogenic zone. These east—west structures are buried and deep lying, showing characteristics of the long wave-length and low amplitude in the Bouguer gravity anomaly map. They are reflected as a series of nearly east—west faults, plutons and ore deposits on the geological map, and as a number of shallow-buried parallel structure zones on the remote sensing images. Based on data of geology, geophysics and seismic velocity, it is suggested that these east—west structures may be the rheomorphic structures of deep materials squeezed out southeastward from the blocks after the collision orogeny of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau. Or they may have resulted from the re-activation of the extensional or old structures in the compression—collision and strike-slip settings of the Sanjiang orogenic zone. They may have the same formation mechanism as the north—south extensional structures (rifts) in the southern Qinghai—Tibet Plateau.
An analysis of the geophysical field shows that there are several nearly east—west structures in the Sanjiang (i.e. three rivers: the Jinsha, Nujiang and Lancang rivers) orogenic zone. These east—west structures are buried and deep lying, showing characteristics of the long wave-length and low amplitude in the Bouguer gravity anomaly map. They are reflected as a series of nearly east—west faults, plutons and ore deposits on the geological map, and as a number of shallow-buried parallel structure zones on the remote sensing images. Based on data of geology, geophysics and seismic velocity, it is suggested that these east—west structures may be the rheomorphic structures of deep materials squeezed out southeastward from the blocks after the collision orogeny of the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau. Or they may have resulted from the re-activation of the extensional or old structures in the compression—collision and strike-slip settings of the Sanjiang orogenic zone. They may have the same formation mechanism as the north—south extensional structures (rifts) in the southern Qinghai—Tibet Plateau.
引文
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段建中,谭筱虹.2000.滇西三江地区新生代主要走滑断裂性质及特征.云南地质,19(1):8～23.
方剑.2002.中国海及邻域重力场特征及其构造解释.地球物理学进展,17(1):42～49.
葛良胜,杨嘉禾,郭晓东,邹依林,陈树新,张晓辉.1999.滇西地区(近)东西向隐伏构造带的存在及证据.云南地质,18(2):155～167.
胡鸿翔,林中洋,边银菊,王春镛,朱良保.1996.滇西地区壳幔过渡带性质的研究.地震学报,18(4):444～450.
黄金莉,宋晓东等.2003.川滇地区上地幔顶部Pn速度细结构.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):144～150.
季建清,钟大赉,张连生.2000.滇西南新生代走滑断裂运动学、年代学、及对青藏高原东南部块体运动的意义.地质科学,35(3):336～349.
季建清,钟大赉,张连生.2000.青藏高原东南部新生代挤出块体西边界.科学通报,45(2):128～134.
姜朝松,周瑞琦,周真恒,王瑜.2000.滇西地区及邻区构造单元划分及其特征.地震研究,23(1):21～29.
蒋福珍.2002.三江地区重力场特征和岩石圈构造.武汉大学学报·信息科学版,27(2):122～126.
蒋福珍,方剑.1994.用重力方法研究青藏高原地体划分.地球物理学报,37(增刊1):131～138.
李峰,段嘉瑞.1999.滇西地区板块—地体构造.昆明理工大学学报,24(1):30～35.
刘福田,刘建华,何建坤,游庆.2000.滇西特提斯造山带下扬子地块的俯冲板片.科学通报,45(1):79～84.
罗君烈,杨荆舟.1994.滇西特提斯的演化及主要金属矿床成矿作用.北京:地质出版社.149～239.
王登红,杨建民,闫升好,徐珏,陈毓川,薛春纪,骆耀南,应汉龙.2002.西南三江新生代矿集区的分布格局及找矿前景.地球学报,23(2):135～140.
王谦身,安玉林.2001.青藏高原东部玛多—沙马地区的重力场与深部构造.地球物理学进展,16(4):4～10.
薛春纪,陈毓川,杨建民,王登红,杨伟光,杨清标.2002.滇西兰坪盆地构造体制和成矿背景分析.矿床地质,21(1):36～44.
袁学诚.1996.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社.
云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
钟大赉,丁林,刘福田,刘建华等.2001.造山带岩石层多向层架构造及其对新生代岩浆活动制约——以三江及邻区为例.中国科学(D辑),30(增刊):1～8.
周真恒,向才英.1997.云南深部热流研究.西北地震学报,19(4):51～57
ChenGuanghao,ZhangXiangbin.2000.Linear features and goldm ineralization in westernYunnanProvnice,China.Geotectoni-ca etMetallogenia,24(Supp.):58～62( inChinese withEng-lish abstract).
DuanJianzhong.1999.The feature of cenozoic strike-slip fauit intheSanjiang river area of westYunnan.YunnaGeology,18(2):99～111( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
DuanJianzhong,TanXiaohong.2000.The nature and feature ofCenozoic main strike-slip faultin theSanjiang area of westYun-nan.YunnaGeology,19(1):8～23( inChinese withEnglishabstract).
FangJian.2000.Gravity feature and tectonic interpretationChinaSea and it s adjacent regions.Progress ofGeophysics.17(1):42～49( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
GeL S,YangJ H,GuoX D ZhouY L ,YangS X,ZhangX H.1999.The hiddenEW-structure existing north-westernYunnanand the evidence.YunnanGeol.,18(2):155～167( inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
HuHongxiang,L inZhongyang,BianJuyin,WangChunyongZhuL iangbao.1996.The study of crustand mental zone inWesternYunnan.ActaSeismologySinica,18(4):444～450( inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
HuangJinli,ZhaoDapeng,ZhengSihua.2002.L ithosphere struc-ture and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity insouthwestChina.J.Geophy.Res.,107(B10):2255.
JiJianqing,ZhongDalai,ZhangLiangsheng,2000.Kinematics anddating ofCenozoic strike-slip faults in theTengchong area,westYunnan:im plications for the block movement in thesoutheasternTibetPlateau.ScientiaGeologicaSinica,35(3):336～349( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
JiangChaosong,ZhouRuiqi,ZhouZhenhen,WangYu.2000.Divi-sion of tectonic elements inWestYunnan and its neighboringregions and theirfeature.Journal ofSeismologicalResearch,23(1):21～29( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
JiangF uzhen.2002.Gravity field character and lithosphere tectonicinSanjiang region.Geom atics andInformationScience ofWuhanUniversity,27(2):122～126( inChinese withEnglishabstract).
L iFeng,DuanJiarui.1999.Plate terrane tectonics of the westYunnan.Journal ofKunmingU niversity ofScience andTech-nology,24(1):30～35( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
MonlnarP,TapponnierP,1978.Active tectonics ofTibet.J.Geo-phys.Res.,85(5):361～375.
TapponnierP,MolnarP,ArmijoR.1982.Propagation extrusiontectonics inAsia:new insights from simple experiments withplasticine.Geology,10:611～616.
TapponnierP,MercierJL,ArmijoR.1986.On the mechanics ofthe collision betweenIndia andAsia.CollisionTectonics,115～157.
WangDenhong,YangJianmin,YanShenghao,XuJue.2002.Cenozoic ore concentration areas in theSanjiangRegion,SW:TectonicSetting andExploration.ActaGeoscientiaSinica,23(2):135～140.
XueChunji,ChenYuchuan,YangJianmin,WangDenghong,YangWeiguang,YangQingbiao.2002.Analysis of ore-form ingbackground and tectonic system ofLanpingBasin,westernYunnanProvnice.MineralDeposits,21(1):36～44( inChi-nese withEnglish abstract).
YinA andHarrisonT M.2000.Geologic evolution of theHi-m alayan—Tibetan orogen.Annu.Rev.EarthPlanet.Sci.,28:211～280.
YinA,HarrisonT M,RyersonF J,ChenW,KiddW S F,CopelandP.1994.Tertiary structural evolution of theGangdese thrust system,southeasternTibet.J.Geophys.Res.,99(18):175～201.
YinA,KongX.1997.Spacing ofN—S rifts inTibetim plies litho-spheric ectension.Eos(Trans-action,AmericanGeophisicalU-nion),78:F173.
ZhouZhenheng,XiangCaiying,QingYunxi,ZhaoJinming.1997.Study on deep heatflow inYunnan,China.19(4):51～57( inChinese withEnglish abstract)
段建中.1999.滇西三江地区新生代走滑(转换)会聚构造特征.云南地质,18(2):99～111.
段建中,谭筱虹.2000.滇西三江地区新生代主要走滑断裂性质及特征.云南地质,19(1):8～23.
方剑.2002.中国海及邻域重力场特征及其构造解释.地球物理学进展,17(1):42～49.
葛良胜,杨嘉禾,郭晓东,邹依林,陈树新,张晓辉.1999.滇西地区(近)东西向隐伏构造带的存在及证据.云南地质,18(2):155～167.
胡鸿翔,林中洋,边银菊,王春镛,朱良保.1996.滇西地区壳幔过渡带性质的研究.地震学报,18(4):444～450.
黄金莉,宋晓东等.2003.川滇地区上地幔顶部Pn速度细结构.中国科学(D辑),33(增刊):144～150.
季建清,钟大赉,张连生.2000.滇西南新生代走滑断裂运动学、年代学、及对青藏高原东南部块体运动的意义.地质科学,35(3):336～349.
季建清,钟大赉,张连生.2000.青藏高原东南部新生代挤出块体西边界.科学通报,45(2):128～134.
姜朝松,周瑞琦,周真恒,王瑜.2000.滇西地区及邻区构造单元划分及其特征.地震研究,23(1):21～29.
蒋福珍.2002.三江地区重力场特征和岩石圈构造.武汉大学学报·信息科学版,27(2):122～126.
蒋福珍,方剑.1994.用重力方法研究青藏高原地体划分.地球物理学报,37(增刊1):131～138.
李峰,段嘉瑞.1999.滇西地区板块—地体构造.昆明理工大学学报,24(1):30～35.
刘福田,刘建华,何建坤,游庆.2000.滇西特提斯造山带下扬子地块的俯冲板片.科学通报,45(1):79～84.
罗君烈,杨荆舟.1994.滇西特提斯的演化及主要金属矿床成矿作用.北京:地质出版社.149～239.
王登红,杨建民,闫升好,徐珏,陈毓川,薛春纪,骆耀南,应汉龙.2002.西南三江新生代矿集区的分布格局及找矿前景.地球学报,23(2):135～140.
王谦身,安玉林.2001.青藏高原东部玛多—沙马地区的重力场与深部构造.地球物理学进展,16(4):4～10.
薛春纪,陈毓川,杨建民,王登红,杨伟光,杨清标.2002.滇西兰坪盆地构造体制和成矿背景分析.矿床地质,21(1):36～44.
袁学诚.1996.中国地球物理图集.北京:地质出版社.
云南省地质矿产局.1990.云南省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
钟大赉,丁林,刘福田,刘建华等.2001.造山带岩石层多向层架构造及其对新生代岩浆活动制约——以三江及邻区为例.中国科学(D辑),30(增刊):1～8.
周真恒,向才英.1997.云南深部热流研究.西北地震学报,19(4):51～57
ChenGuanghao,ZhangXiangbin.2000.Linear features and goldm ineralization in westernYunnanProvnice,China.Geotectoni-ca etMetallogenia,24(Supp.):58～62( inChinese withEng-lish abstract).
DuanJianzhong.1999.The feature of cenozoic strike-slip fauit intheSanjiang river area of westYunnan.YunnaGeology,18(2):99～111( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
DuanJianzhong,TanXiaohong.2000.The nature and feature ofCenozoic main strike-slip faultin theSanjiang area of westYun-nan.YunnaGeology,19(1):8～23( inChinese withEnglishabstract).
FangJian.2000.Gravity feature and tectonic interpretationChinaSea and it s adjacent regions.Progress ofGeophysics.17(1):42～49( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
GeL S,YangJ H,GuoX D ZhouY L ,YangS X,ZhangX H.1999.The hiddenEW-structure existing north-westernYunnanand the evidence.YunnanGeol.,18(2):155～167( inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
HuHongxiang,L inZhongyang,BianJuyin,WangChunyongZhuL iangbao.1996.The study of crustand mental zone inWesternYunnan.ActaSeismologySinica,18(4):444～450( inChinesewithEnglish abstract).
HuangJinli,ZhaoDapeng,ZhengSihua.2002.L ithosphere struc-ture and its relationship to seismic and volcanic activity insouthwestChina.J.Geophy.Res.,107(B10):2255.
JiJianqing,ZhongDalai,ZhangLiangsheng,2000.Kinematics anddating ofCenozoic strike-slip faults in theTengchong area,westYunnan:im plications for the block movement in thesoutheasternTibetPlateau.ScientiaGeologicaSinica,35(3):336～349( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
JiangChaosong,ZhouRuiqi,ZhouZhenhen,WangYu.2000.Divi-sion of tectonic elements inWestYunnan and its neighboringregions and theirfeature.Journal ofSeismologicalResearch,23(1):21～29( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
JiangF uzhen.2002.Gravity field character and lithosphere tectonicinSanjiang region.Geom atics andInformationScience ofWuhanUniversity,27(2):122～126( inChinese withEnglishabstract).
L iFeng,DuanJiarui.1999.Plate terrane tectonics of the westYunnan.Journal ofKunmingU niversity ofScience andTech-nology,24(1):30～35( inChinese withEnglish abstract).
MonlnarP,TapponnierP,1978.Active tectonics ofTibet.J.Geo-phys.Res.,85(5):361～375.
TapponnierP,MolnarP,ArmijoR.1982.Propagation extrusiontectonics inAsia:new insights from simple experiments withplasticine.Geology,10:611～616.
TapponnierP,MercierJL,ArmijoR.1986.On the mechanics ofthe collision betweenIndia andAsia.CollisionTectonics,115～157.
WangDenhong,YangJianmin,YanShenghao,XuJue.2002.Cenozoic ore concentration areas in theSanjiangRegion,SW:TectonicSetting andExploration.ActaGeoscientiaSinica,23(2):135～140.
XueChunji,ChenYuchuan,YangJianmin,WangDenghong,YangWeiguang,YangQingbiao.2002.Analysis of ore-form ingbackground and tectonic system ofLanpingBasin,westernYunnanProvnice.MineralDeposits,21(1):36～44( inChi-nese withEnglish abstract).
YinA andHarrisonT M.2000.Geologic evolution of theHi-m alayan—Tibetan orogen.Annu.Rev.EarthPlanet.Sci.,28:211～280.
YinA,HarrisonT M,RyersonF J,ChenW,KiddW S F,CopelandP.1994.Tertiary structural evolution of theGangdese thrust system,southeasternTibet.J.Geophys.Res.,99(18):175～201.
YinA,KongX.1997.Spacing ofN—S rifts inTibetim plies litho-spheric ectension.Eos(Trans-action,AmericanGeophisicalU-nion),78:F173.
ZhouZhenheng,XiangCaiying,QingYunxi,ZhaoJinming.1997.Study on deep heatflow inYunnan,China.19(4):51～57( inChinese withEnglish abstract)
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