柴达木盆地西部中生界原型盆地恢复
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摘要
勘探实践表明,对柴达木盆地西部中生界原型盆地认识不够,是导致该区侏罗系油气勘探难以取得重大突破的主要原因。以古流分析为主要手段,结合地表露头及地震解释资料研究认为,中生界在古阿拉巴斯套山与古昆仑山间发育一个大的近EW向展布的内陆山间坳陷(古泛茫崖坳陷)。坳陷演化可分为早—中侏罗世和晚侏罗世—白垩纪两个阶段,分别对应发育了伸展断陷和挤压坳陷两种原型盆地类型。早、中侏罗世,阿尔金山尚未隆升,为主要沉积区。沉积环境比较动荡,沉积物以暗色含煤建造为主。沉积中心在现今的阿尔金山区,坳陷西北部边界越过阿尔金山区与塔东南地区相通;东北部边界位于阿拉巴斯套山前;南部边界在煤沟—采石岭—黑石山—月牙山一线。晚侏罗世—白垩纪,阿尔金山快速隆升为物源区,开始分割塔东南和柴达木盆地西部沉积。坳陷沉积物以干旱气候下的红色粗碎屑岩建造为主,沉积、沉降中心由阿尔金山区向盆地内部发生迁移,南部边界已迁移至阿拉尔—红柳泉—红沟子—月3井一带。该研究对柴达木盆地资源潜力评价及勘探部署具有重要意义。
In the exploration practice, it is found that the inadequate knowledge about the Mesozoic proto-type basin in the western Qaidam basin slowed the oil and gas exploration in this area. Based on analyzing the paleocurrents, combining the Mesozoic outcrops and seismic interpretation data, the Mesozoic proto-type of the western Qaidam basin is recovered in this paper. There developed an intermountain depression between the old Alabasitao mountain and the Kunlun mountain, which trending is E-W. The evolution of the depression includes two stages: the Early-Middle Jurassic and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous, corresponding developed two proto-type basins. The Early-Middle Jurassic basin is fault basin type and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous depression type. During the Early-Middle Jurassic, the Altyn Tagh was not uplifted. The deposition was coal bearing formation. The depocenter was in the present Altyn Tagh region. The northwest edge of the depression crossed the Altyn Tagh and conjoined with the Southeast Tarim basin, the northeast edge was ended in the Alabasitao region, and the south was restricted along the Hongliuquan-Meigou-Heishishan-Yueyashan. During the Late-Cretaceous, the Altyn Tagh uplifted rapidly and became a province. The deposition was coarse clastic formation. The subsidence and sedimentation area migrated gradually towards inside basin because of the uplift of the Altyn Mountain. The south edge of the depression was along the Alaer-Hongliuquan-Honggouzi-Yue3jing.
In the exploration practice, it is found that the inadequate knowledge about the Mesozoic proto-type basin in the western Qaidam basin slowed the oil and gas exploration in this area. Based on analyzing the paleocurrents, combining the Mesozoic outcrops and seismic interpretation data, the Mesozoic proto-type of the western Qaidam basin is recovered in this paper. There developed an intermountain depression between the old Alabasitao mountain and the Kunlun mountain, which trending is E-W. The evolution of the depression includes two stages: the Early-Middle Jurassic and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous, corresponding developed two proto-type basins. The Early-Middle Jurassic basin is fault basin type and the Late Jurassic-Cretaceous depression type. During the Early-Middle Jurassic, the Altyn Tagh was not uplifted. The deposition was coal bearing formation. The depocenter was in the present Altyn Tagh region. The northwest edge of the depression crossed the Altyn Tagh and conjoined with the Southeast Tarim basin, the northeast edge was ended in the Alabasitao region, and the south was restricted along the Hongliuquan-Meigou-Heishishan-Yueyashan. During the Late-Cretaceous, the Altyn Tagh uplifted rapidly and became a province. The deposition was coarse clastic formation. The subsidence and sedimentation area migrated gradually towards inside basin because of the uplift of the Altyn Mountain. The south edge of the depression was along the Alaer-Hongliuquan-Honggouzi-Yue3jing.
引文
1 靳久强,赵文智,薛良清,等.中国西北地区侏罗纪原型盆地与演化特征.地质论评,1999,45(1):92~104[Jin Jiuqiang,Zhao Wenzhi,Xue Liangqing,et al.Proto-types and evolution of Jurassic basins in NW China.Geological Review,1999,45(1):92~104]
2 胡受权,曹运江,黄继祥,等.柴达木盆地侏罗纪盆地原型及其形成与演化探讨.石油实验地质,1999,21(3):189~195[Hu Shouquan,Cao Yunjiang,Huang Jixiang,et al.Discussion on formation and evolu-tion of Jurassic basin-prototype of Qaidam Basin.Experimental and Pe-troleum Geology,1999,21(3):189~195]
3 金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.柴达木中新生代盆地演化及其控油气作用.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):603~608[Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,Tang Liangjie,et al.Evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Qaidam basin and its control on oil and gas.Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(6):603~608]
4 曾联波,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征.沉积学报,2002,20(2):288~292[Zen Lianbo,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,et al.The Jurassic basin type and its evolution characteristic in Qaidam Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):288~292]
5 高先志,陈发景,马达德,等.中、新生代柴达木北缘的盆地类型与构造演化.西北地质,2003,36(4):16~24[Gao Xianzhi,Chen Fa-jing,Ma Dade,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Northern Qaidam basin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.Northwestern Geology,2003,36(4):16~24]
6 车自成,刘良,刘洪福,等.阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征.中国区域地质,1998,17(4):377~384[Che Zicheng,Liu Liang,Liu Hongfu,et al.The constituents of the Altyn Fault system and genetic characteristics of related Meso-Cenozoic petro-leum-bearing basin.Regional Geology of China,1998,17(4):377~384]
8 郭召杰,张志诚.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化.地质论评,1998,
44(4):357~364[Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng.Structural style and tectonic evolution of basins in the Altyn region.Geological Review,1998,44(4):357~364]
9 薛良清,李文厚,宋立珩,等.西北地区侏罗纪原始沉积区恢复.沉积学报,2000,18(4):539~543[Xue Liangqing,Li Wenhou,Song Li-heng,et al.Reconstruction of original sedimentary province of the Juras-sic in the Northwestern China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica.2000,18(4):539~543]
10 Bradley D.Ritts,Ulderico Biffi.Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic(Bajocian)displacement on the central Altyn Tagh fault system,northwest China.GSA Bulletin,2000,112(1):61~74
11 翟光明,徐风银,李建青,等.重新认识柴达木盆地,力争油气勘探获得新突破.石油学报,1997,18(2):1~7[Zhai Guangming,Xu Fengyin,Li Jianqing,et al.A reconfirmation of Qaidam basin for a great breakthrough in oil and natural gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):1~7]
12 张志成,郭召杰,韩作振.敦煌盆地中侏罗世火山岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义.北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(1):72~79[Zhang Zhicheng,Guo Zhaojie,Han Zuozheng.Geochemistry and geological significance of the Mid-Jurassic volcanic rocks in Dun-huang Basin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,1998,34(1):72~79]
13 刘桂侠,杨永泰,管全俊.从冷科1井下部地层的归属探讨柴达木盆地成盆时间.地球学报,2003,24(2):133~36[Liu Guixia,Yang Yongtai,Guan Quanjun.Inquiry of initiation age of the Qaidam basin based on stratigraphic study of the lower part of the well Lengke1.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(2):133~136]
14 陈发景,汪新文.中国西北地区早—中侏罗世盆地原型分析.地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2000,7(4):459~468[Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen.Prototype analysis of early-middle Jurassic basins in northwestern China.Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geo-sciences,Beijing),2000,7(4):459~468]
15 左国朝,刘义科,李相博,等.蒙甘青宁地区侏罗纪开合盆山构造格局及原型盆地沉积特征.地质通报,2004,23(3):261~271[Zuo Guochao,Liu Yike,Li Xiangbo,et al.Jurassic basin-range tec-tonic pattern and depositional features of prototype basins in the innerMongolia-Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia region.Geological Bulletin of Chi-na,2004,23(3):261~271]
2 胡受权,曹运江,黄继祥,等.柴达木盆地侏罗纪盆地原型及其形成与演化探讨.石油实验地质,1999,21(3):189~195[Hu Shouquan,Cao Yunjiang,Huang Jixiang,et al.Discussion on formation and evolu-tion of Jurassic basin-prototype of Qaidam Basin.Experimental and Pe-troleum Geology,1999,21(3):189~195]
3 金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.柴达木中新生代盆地演化及其控油气作用.石油与天然气地质,2004,25(6):603~608[Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,Tang Liangjie,et al.Evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Qaidam basin and its control on oil and gas.Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(6):603~608]
4 曾联波,金之钧,张明利,等.柴达木侏罗纪盆地性质及其演化特征.沉积学报,2002,20(2):288~292[Zen Lianbo,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,et al.The Jurassic basin type and its evolution characteristic in Qaidam Basin.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):288~292]
5 高先志,陈发景,马达德,等.中、新生代柴达木北缘的盆地类型与构造演化.西北地质,2003,36(4):16~24[Gao Xianzhi,Chen Fa-jing,Ma Dade,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Northern Qaidam basin during Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.Northwestern Geology,2003,36(4):16~24]
6 车自成,刘良,刘洪福,等.阿尔金断裂系的组成及相关中新生代含油气盆地的成因特征.中国区域地质,1998,17(4):377~384[Che Zicheng,Liu Liang,Liu Hongfu,et al.The constituents of the Altyn Fault system and genetic characteristics of related Meso-Cenozoic petro-leum-bearing basin.Regional Geology of China,1998,17(4):377~384]
8 郭召杰,张志诚.阿尔金盆地群构造类型与演化.地质论评,1998,
44(4):357~364[Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng.Structural style and tectonic evolution of basins in the Altyn region.Geological Review,1998,44(4):357~364]
9 薛良清,李文厚,宋立珩,等.西北地区侏罗纪原始沉积区恢复.沉积学报,2000,18(4):539~543[Xue Liangqing,Li Wenhou,Song Li-heng,et al.Reconstruction of original sedimentary province of the Juras-sic in the Northwestern China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica.2000,18(4):539~543]
10 Bradley D.Ritts,Ulderico Biffi.Magnitude of post-Middle Jurassic(Bajocian)displacement on the central Altyn Tagh fault system,northwest China.GSA Bulletin,2000,112(1):61~74
11 翟光明,徐风银,李建青,等.重新认识柴达木盆地,力争油气勘探获得新突破.石油学报,1997,18(2):1~7[Zhai Guangming,Xu Fengyin,Li Jianqing,et al.A reconfirmation of Qaidam basin for a great breakthrough in oil and natural gas exploration.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):1~7]
12 张志成,郭召杰,韩作振.敦煌盆地中侏罗世火山岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义.北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(1):72~79[Zhang Zhicheng,Guo Zhaojie,Han Zuozheng.Geochemistry and geological significance of the Mid-Jurassic volcanic rocks in Dun-huang Basin.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,1998,34(1):72~79]
13 刘桂侠,杨永泰,管全俊.从冷科1井下部地层的归属探讨柴达木盆地成盆时间.地球学报,2003,24(2):133~36[Liu Guixia,Yang Yongtai,Guan Quanjun.Inquiry of initiation age of the Qaidam basin based on stratigraphic study of the lower part of the well Lengke1.Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2003,24(2):133~136]
14 陈发景,汪新文.中国西北地区早—中侏罗世盆地原型分析.地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2000,7(4):459~468[Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen.Prototype analysis of early-middle Jurassic basins in northwestern China.Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geo-sciences,Beijing),2000,7(4):459~468]
15 左国朝,刘义科,李相博,等.蒙甘青宁地区侏罗纪开合盆山构造格局及原型盆地沉积特征.地质通报,2004,23(3):261~271[Zuo Guochao,Liu Yike,Li Xiangbo,et al.Jurassic basin-range tec-tonic pattern and depositional features of prototype basins in the innerMongolia-Gansu-Qinghai-Ningxia region.Geological Bulletin of Chi-na,2004,23(3):261~271]
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