塔里木盆地玛扎塔格构造带断裂构造分析
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摘要
玛扎塔格构造带是麦盖提斜坡与巴楚断隆之间的一条边界断裂带,其中已发现和田河气田。断裂构造对于圈闭的形成和油气运聚成藏具有决定性的制约作用。通过系统的地震剖面解释,在玛扎塔格构造带识别出3期断裂构造:第1期构造活动以中寒武统的膏盐层为主滑脱面,由麦盖提斜坡向巴楚断隆冲断,伴生有断层传播褶皱发育,形成于新生界沉积之前,玛扎塔格背斜形成;这期冲断构造是本次研究的一个新发现。第2期活动为基底卷入型挤压走滑断裂,由相互背冲、近于平行的玛南断层和玛北断层组成,形成于中新世末,玛扎塔格背冲断块背斜形成。第3期活动以古近系底部的膏盐层为主滑脱面,由麦盖提斜坡向巴楚断隆冲断,也伴有断层传播褶皱发育,形成于更新世—全新世。在此基础上讨论了区域构造演化对玛扎塔格构造带3期断裂活动的形成和发育的控制。
The Mazhatage structural belt is a boundary between the Markit Slope and the Bachu Fault-Uplift in the Tarim Basin.The Hetianhe(Hetian River) Gasfield was discovered in Markit-Bachu area,and the fault structures were one of the dominant factors for trap-formation and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.On the basis of seismic section interpretation,3 generations of thrusting structures were recognized in the Mazhatage structural belt.The first generation occurred in Late Cretaceous or towards the end of Cretaceous,when the detachment occurred along the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer and the strata thrust from Markit to Bachu,accompanied with the fault-propagation folding,which resulted in creation of the Mazhatage anticline belt.The second generation occurred towards the end of Miocene,when the basement-involved faults formed,composed of the parallel South Mazhatage and North Mazhatage fractures,and the both making up a back-thrust structure.The third generation developed in Pleistocene to Holocene.In this period,the Cenozoic rocks detached and slided along the basal gypsum-salt layer of the Paleogene,and over-thrust northeastwards,from the Markit Slope to the Bachu Fault-Uplift.The faut-propagation fold was formed in the upper wall of the thrust in the neotectonic period.Based on what mentioned above,the relation between development of the Mazhatage structural belt and the regional tectonic evolution in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic was explored.
The Mazhatage structural belt is a boundary between the Markit Slope and the Bachu Fault-Uplift in the Tarim Basin.The Hetianhe(Hetian River) Gasfield was discovered in Markit-Bachu area,and the fault structures were one of the dominant factors for trap-formation and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.On the basis of seismic section interpretation,3 generations of thrusting structures were recognized in the Mazhatage structural belt.The first generation occurred in Late Cretaceous or towards the end of Cretaceous,when the detachment occurred along the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer and the strata thrust from Markit to Bachu,accompanied with the fault-propagation folding,which resulted in creation of the Mazhatage anticline belt.The second generation occurred towards the end of Miocene,when the basement-involved faults formed,composed of the parallel South Mazhatage and North Mazhatage fractures,and the both making up a back-thrust structure.The third generation developed in Pleistocene to Holocene.In this period,the Cenozoic rocks detached and slided along the basal gypsum-salt layer of the Paleogene,and over-thrust northeastwards,from the Markit Slope to the Bachu Fault-Uplift.The faut-propagation fold was formed in the upper wall of the thrust in the neotectonic period.Based on what mentioned above,the relation between development of the Mazhatage structural belt and the regional tectonic evolution in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic was explored.
引文
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李曰俊,孙龙德,吴浩若,王国林,杨朝世,彭更新.2005a.南天山西端乌帕塔尔坎群发现石炭-二叠纪放射虫化石.地质科学,40(2):220—226.Li Yuejun,Sun Longde,Wu Haoruo,Wang Guolin,Yang Chaoshi and Peng Gengxin.2005a.Permo-Carboniferous radiolariafrom the Wupatarkan Group,west terminal of Chinese South Tianshan.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):220—226.
李曰俊,宋文杰,吴根耀,王艺芬,李宇平,郑多明.2005b.塔里木盆地中部隐伏的晋宁期花岗闪长岩和闪长岩.中国科学D辑,35(2):97—104.Li Yuejun,Song Wenjie,Wu Genyao,Wang Yifen,Li Yuping and Zheng Duoming.2005b.Jinning granodiorite and dioritedeeply concealed in the central Tarim Basin.Science in China,Series D,48(12):2061—2068.
刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.2004.巴楚—麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),31(2):157—161.Liu Gaobo,Shi Zejin and She Xiaoyu.2004.Regional tectonic evolution and oil-gas distribution of Bachu-Markit.Journal ofChengdu University ofTechnology(Natural Sci.Ed.),31(2):157—161.
皮学军.1999.巴楚断隆鸟山构造奥陶系气藏成藏分析及其作用.天然气工业,19(2):33—37.Pi Xuejun.1999.An analysis of gas reservoir formation in Ordovician in Niaoshan Structure of Bachu Faulted Uplift.NaturalGas Industry,19(2):33—37.
秦胜飞,邹才能,戴金星,李梅,胡剑风,张秋茶,卢玉红.2006.塔里木盆地和田河气田水溶气成藏过程.石油勘探与开发,33(3):282—288.Qin Shengfei,Zou Caineng,Dai Jinxing,Li Mei,Hu Jianfeng,Zhang Qiucha and Lu Yuhong.2006.Water-soluble gas accu-mulation process of Hetianhe Gas Field in Tarim Basin,NWChina.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):282—288.
孙龙德,周新源,王国林.2005.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向.地质科学,40(2):167—178.Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan and Wang Guolin.2005.Contributions of petroleum geology and main directions of oil-gas explo-ration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):167—178.
吴根耀,李曰俊,王国林,郑威,罗俊成,孟庆龙.2006.新疆西部巴楚地区晋宁期的洋岛火山岩.现代地质,20(3):361—369.Wu Genyao,Li Yuejun,Wang Guolin,Zheng Wei,Luo Juncheng and Meng Qinglong.2006.Volcanic rocks of Jinningian o-ceanic islands in the Bachu area,western Xinjiang.Geoscience,20(3):361—369.
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,杨树锋,顾雪梅.2004.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析.地质科学,39(2):260—271.Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng and Gu Xuemei.2004.Analysis on structural sections in the CenozoicPamir-western Kunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(2):260—271.
肖安成,杨树锋,李曰俊,王清华,陈汉林,程晓敢.2005.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识.地质科学,40(2):291—302.Xiao Ancheng,Yang Shufeng,Li Yuejun,Wang Qinghua,Chen Hanlin and Cheng Xiaogan.2005.Main period for creationof fracture system in the Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):291—302.
杨威,王清华,赵仁德,刘效曾.2000.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝.石油与天然气地质,21(3):252—255.Yang Wei,Wang Qinghua,Zhao Rende and Liu Xiaozeng.2000.Fracture of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Hetian River gasfield.Oil&Gas Geology,21(3):252—255.
杨威,魏国齐,杜平,王清华,李宇平,张忠涛.2003.新疆巴楚凸起奥陶系潜山气藏形成的主要控制因素及区域预测.中国地质,30(4):419—503.Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Du Ping,Wang Qinghua,Li Yuping and Zhang Zhongtao.2003.Principal controlling factors of theformation of the Ordovician buried hill gas accumulation and regional gas prospect evaluation in The Bachu Rise,Tar-im Basin.Geology in China,30(4):419—503.
张家声,李燕,黄雄南.2007.中国北部古元古代地壳尺度的伸展拆离和硅铝壳内活动带:北东向线性航磁异常的地质构造解释.地质科学,42(2):267—302.Zhang Jiasheng,Li Yan and Huang Xiongnan.2007.Paleoproterozoic crustal transtensional shear detachment and insialic mo-bile belts in North China:geologic and tectonic implications for the NE-striking linear aeromagnetic anomaly.ChineseJour.Geol.,42(2):267—302.
何光玉,赵庆,李树新,雷刚林,齐英敏,谢会文.2006.塔里木库车盆地中生代原型分析.地质科学,41(1):44—53.He Guangyu,Zhao Qing,Li Shuxin,Lei Ganglin,Qi Yingmin and Xie Huiwen.2006.Analysis on Mesozoic prototypes of the Kuqa Basin in Tarim,northwestern China.Chinese Jour.Geol.,41(1):44—53.
何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟.2000.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆中-新生代的构造演化.北京大学学报(自然科学版),36(7):539—546.He Wenyuan,Li Jianghai and Qian Xianglin.2000.The Meso-Cenozoic evolution of Bachu Fault-Uplift in Tarim Basin.ActaScientiarum Naturalium Universities Pekinensis,36(7):539—546.
何治亮,徐宏节,段铁军.2005.塔里木多旋回盆地复合构造样式初步分析.地质科学,40(2):153—166.He Zhiliang,Xu Hongjie and Duan Tiejun.2005.Apreliminary analysis on compound structural styles in the Tarimpolycyclicbasin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):153—166.
李曰俊,孙龙德,吴浩若,王国林,杨朝世,彭更新.2005a.南天山西端乌帕塔尔坎群发现石炭-二叠纪放射虫化石.地质科学,40(2):220—226.Li Yuejun,Sun Longde,Wu Haoruo,Wang Guolin,Yang Chaoshi and Peng Gengxin.2005a.Permo-Carboniferous radiolariafrom the Wupatarkan Group,west terminal of Chinese South Tianshan.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):220—226.
李曰俊,宋文杰,吴根耀,王艺芬,李宇平,郑多明.2005b.塔里木盆地中部隐伏的晋宁期花岗闪长岩和闪长岩.中国科学D辑,35(2):97—104.Li Yuejun,Song Wenjie,Wu Genyao,Wang Yifen,Li Yuping and Zheng Duoming.2005b.Jinning granodiorite and dioritedeeply concealed in the central Tarim Basin.Science in China,Series D,48(12):2061—2068.
刘高波,施泽进,佘晓宇.2004.巴楚—麦盖提的区域构造演化与油气分布规律.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),31(2):157—161.Liu Gaobo,Shi Zejin and She Xiaoyu.2004.Regional tectonic evolution and oil-gas distribution of Bachu-Markit.Journal ofChengdu University ofTechnology(Natural Sci.Ed.),31(2):157—161.
皮学军.1999.巴楚断隆鸟山构造奥陶系气藏成藏分析及其作用.天然气工业,19(2):33—37.Pi Xuejun.1999.An analysis of gas reservoir formation in Ordovician in Niaoshan Structure of Bachu Faulted Uplift.NaturalGas Industry,19(2):33—37.
秦胜飞,邹才能,戴金星,李梅,胡剑风,张秋茶,卢玉红.2006.塔里木盆地和田河气田水溶气成藏过程.石油勘探与开发,33(3):282—288.Qin Shengfei,Zou Caineng,Dai Jinxing,Li Mei,Hu Jianfeng,Zhang Qiucha and Lu Yuhong.2006.Water-soluble gas accu-mulation process of Hetianhe Gas Field in Tarim Basin,NWChina.Petroleum Exploration and Development,33(3):282—288.
孙龙德,周新源,王国林.2005.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向.地质科学,40(2):167—178.Sun Longde,Zhou Xinyuan and Wang Guolin.2005.Contributions of petroleum geology and main directions of oil-gas explo-ration in the Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):167—178.
吴根耀,李曰俊,王国林,郑威,罗俊成,孟庆龙.2006.新疆西部巴楚地区晋宁期的洋岛火山岩.现代地质,20(3):361—369.Wu Genyao,Li Yuejun,Wang Guolin,Zheng Wei,Luo Juncheng and Meng Qinglong.2006.Volcanic rocks of Jinningian o-ceanic islands in the Bachu area,western Xinjiang.Geoscience,20(3):361—369.
伍秀芳,刘胜,汪新,杨树锋,顾雪梅.2004.帕米尔—西昆仑北麓新生代前陆褶皱冲断带构造剖面分析.地质科学,39(2):260—271.Wu Xiufang,Liu Sheng,Wang Xin,Yang Shufeng and Gu Xuemei.2004.Analysis on structural sections in the CenozoicPamir-western Kunlun foreland fold-and-thrust belt.Chinese Jour.Geol.,39(2):260—271.
肖安成,杨树锋,李曰俊,王清华,陈汉林,程晓敢.2005.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂系统主要形成时代的新认识.地质科学,40(2):291—302.Xiao Ancheng,Yang Shufeng,Li Yuejun,Wang Qinghua,Chen Hanlin and Cheng Xiaogan.2005.Main period for creationof fracture system in the Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin.Chinese Jour.Geol.,40(2):291—302.
杨威,王清华,赵仁德,刘效曾.2000.和田河气田奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝.石油与天然气地质,21(3):252—255.Yang Wei,Wang Qinghua,Zhao Rende and Liu Xiaozeng.2000.Fracture of Ordovician carbonate rocks in Hetian River gasfield.Oil&Gas Geology,21(3):252—255.
杨威,魏国齐,杜平,王清华,李宇平,张忠涛.2003.新疆巴楚凸起奥陶系潜山气藏形成的主要控制因素及区域预测.中国地质,30(4):419—503.Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Du Ping,Wang Qinghua,Li Yuping and Zhang Zhongtao.2003.Principal controlling factors of theformation of the Ordovician buried hill gas accumulation and regional gas prospect evaluation in The Bachu Rise,Tar-im Basin.Geology in China,30(4):419—503.
张家声,李燕,黄雄南.2007.中国北部古元古代地壳尺度的伸展拆离和硅铝壳内活动带:北东向线性航磁异常的地质构造解释.地质科学,42(2):267—302.Zhang Jiasheng,Li Yan and Huang Xiongnan.2007.Paleoproterozoic crustal transtensional shear detachment and insialic mo-bile belts in North China:geologic and tectonic implications for the NE-striking linear aeromagnetic anomaly.ChineseJour.Geol.,42(2):267—302.
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