南沙群岛海域断裂体系构造特征及其形成机制
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摘要
南沙地块从中生代晚期开始裂离华南陆缘,在其向南运动的过程中受到欧亚板块、太平洋-菲律宾海板块和印度-澳大利亚板块等几大板块的联合作用,导致该区断裂构造较为复杂。通过对南沙群岛海域地震资料的综合解释并结合前人的研究成果,认为南沙群岛海域断裂构造可分为伸展断裂系、走滑断裂系和逆冲断裂系3类。伸展断裂遍布全区,主要受SE—近S-N向拉张作用,经历两大期次的构造活动;走滑断裂主要分布于南沙地块的周缘,受周缘地块与南沙地块相对运动控制,经历三期构造活动;逆冲断裂主要分布于南沙地块的南缘,受古南海俯冲和逆时针旋转控制,经历三期构造活动。从不同断裂体系的活动期次可见,南沙群岛海域应力系统主要经历了3个演化阶段:早期主要受拉张作用控制,中期主要受拉张和走滑应力控制,而晚期主要受压剪应力控制。
From Late Mesozoic,the Nansha Block(NSB) began to deviate from the South China.Controlled by the movement of the Eurasian plate,the PacificPhilippine plate and the India-Australia plate,the fault structures on the NSB are very complicated.In this paper,through multidisciplinary analysis on the seismic profile and regional geology,it is found that there are three fault systems in the Nansha sea area,including extensional fault system,strike-slip fault system and thrust fault system.The extensional fault,widely spread in this area,underwent two large stages of tectonic movements.The strike-slip fault, locating along the margin of the Nansha sea area,was controlled by the relative movement between the conterminous blocks and underwent three stages of tectonic movements.The thrust fault,locating on the southern margin,was controlled by the subduction of the Proto South China Sea and the anticlockwise rotation of the Borneo,underwent three stages of tectonic movements.According to the fault activity,the tectonic stress field of the Nansha sea area is supposed to include three periods.The earliest stage is characterized by extensional stress,the middle period is featured by both extension and strike-slip stress,and the latest period is controlled by transpressive stress field.
From Late Mesozoic,the Nansha Block(NSB) began to deviate from the South China.Controlled by the movement of the Eurasian plate,the PacificPhilippine plate and the India-Australia plate,the fault structures on the NSB are very complicated.In this paper,through multidisciplinary analysis on the seismic profile and regional geology,it is found that there are three fault systems in the Nansha sea area,including extensional fault system,strike-slip fault system and thrust fault system.The extensional fault,widely spread in this area,underwent two large stages of tectonic movements.The strike-slip fault, locating along the margin of the Nansha sea area,was controlled by the relative movement between the conterminous blocks and underwent three stages of tectonic movements.The thrust fault,locating on the southern margin,was controlled by the subduction of the Proto South China Sea and the anticlockwise rotation of the Borneo,underwent three stages of tectonic movements.According to the fault activity,the tectonic stress field of the Nansha sea area is supposed to include three periods.The earliest stage is characterized by extensional stress,the middle period is featured by both extension and strike-slip stress,and the latest period is controlled by transpressive stress field.
引文
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[24]HALLR.Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia[M]//HALLR,BLUNDELL D.Tectonic Evolution of Southeast.GeolSoc Special Publ.The Geological Society London,1996,106:153—184.
[25]HINZ K,SCHLUTER H U.Geology of the DangerousGrounds,South China Sea,and the continental margin offSouthwest Palawan:Results of SONNE cruises SO-23 andSO-27.1985[R].
[26]HINZ K,FRITSCH J,KEMPTER E H K,et al.Thrusttectonics along the north-western continental margin of Sa-bah/Borneo[J].Geol Rundsch,1989,78:705—730.
[27]RANGIN G,BELLON H,BENARD F,et al.Neogene arc-continent collision in Sabah,Northern Borneo(Malaysia)[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183:305—319.
[28]HUTCHISON C S.Marginal basin evolution:the southernSouth China Sea[J].Marine and Petro Geol,2004,21:1129—1148.
[29]孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢,等.南海西部断裂系研究及其物理模拟实验证据[J].海洋学报,2006,28(3):64—71.
[30]姚伯初.中南-礼乐断裂的特征及其构造意义[G]//南海地质研究(七).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1—14.
[31]姚伯初.南海南部地区的新生代构造演化[G]//南海地质研究(六).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:1—15.
[32]BRIAIS A,PATRIAT P,TAPPONNIER P.Updated in-terpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading inthe South China Sea:implications for the Tertiary Tectonicsof Southeast Asia[J].J of Geophy Res,1993,98(B4):6299—6328.
[33]PARKER E S.Plate tectonic evolution of the western Pacif-ic-Indian ocean region[J].Energy,1985,10(314):249—261.
[2]姚伯初,刘振湖.南沙海域沉积盆地及油气资源分布[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(3):150—160.
[3]吴世敏,周蒂,刘海龄.南沙地块构造格局及其演化特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2004,28(1):23—28.
[4]姚永坚,姜玉坤,曾祥辉.南沙海域新生代构造运动特征[J].中国海上油气(地质),2002,16(2):113—118.
[5]金庆焕,李唐根.南沙海域区域地质构造[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2000,20(1):1—8.
[6]HUTCHISON C S.Marginal basin evolution:the southernSouth China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:1 129—1 148.
[7]张莉,李文成,曾祥辉.礼乐盆地地层发育特征及其与油气的关系[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(5):469—573.
[8]SCHLIITER H U,HINZ K,BLOCK M.Tectono-strati-graphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South ChinaSea and Sulu Sea[J].Marine Geology,1996,130:39—78.
[9]YAN P,LIU H L.Tectonic-stratigraphic division and blindfold structures in Nansha waters,South China Sea[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2004,24:337—348.
[10]刘海龄,郭令智,孙岩,等.南沙地块断裂构造系统与岩石圈动力学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[11]龚铭,李唐根,吴亚军,等.南沙海域构造特征与盆地演化[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001:1—88.
[12]宋海斌,郝天珧,江为为,等.南海地球物理场特征与基底断裂体系研究[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(1):24—33.
[13]邱燕,曾维军,李唐根.南海中、南部断裂体系及其构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(2):166—175.
[14]孙珍,钟志洪,周蒂,等.南海的发育机制研究——相似模拟证据[J].中国科学,2006,36(9):797—810.
[15]TAYLOR,B,HAYES D E.The Tectonic Evolution of theSouth China Sea Basin[M]//HAYES D E.The Tectonicand Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands,Geophys Monogr Ser,23.AGU,Washington,DC,1980.
[16]TAYLOR B,HAYES D E.Origin and History of the SouthChina Basin[M]//HAYES D E.The Tectonic and Geo-logic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands,Part 2,Geophys Monogr Ser,27.AGU,Washington,DC,1983.
[17]HAMILTON W.Tectonics of the Indonesian Region[M].U.S.Geological Survey Professional Paper,1979,1078:345.
[18]LE PICHON X,SIBUET J C.Passive margins:A model offormation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1981,86(B5):3708—3720.
[19]HOLT R A.The gravity field of Sundaland-acquisition,as-sessment and interpretation[D].Birkbeck College and Uni-versity College,University of London,1998.
[20]NORTHRUP C J,ROYDEN L H,Burchfiel B C.Motionof the Pacific plate relation to Eurasia and its potential rela-tion to Cenozoic extension along the eastern margin of Eura-sia[J].Geology,1995,23:719—722.
[21]HAILE N S.The recognition of former subduction zones inSoutheast Asia[M]//TARLING D H,RUNCORN S K.Implications of Continental Drift to the Earth Sciences,2.London:Academic Press,1973:885—892.
[22]HUTCHISON C S.The Lajang accretionary prism and Lu-par Line problem of Borneo[M]//HALL R,BLUNDELLD.Tectonic Evolution of Southeast Asia.Geol Soc SpecialPubl.The Geological Society London,1996,106:247—261.
[23]CHANLES S H.The Eocene unconformity on Southeast andEast Sundland[J].Geol Soc Malaysia,1992,32:69—88.
[24]HALLR.Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia[M]//HALLR,BLUNDELL D.Tectonic Evolution of Southeast.GeolSoc Special Publ.The Geological Society London,1996,106:153—184.
[25]HINZ K,SCHLUTER H U.Geology of the DangerousGrounds,South China Sea,and the continental margin offSouthwest Palawan:Results of SONNE cruises SO-23 andSO-27.1985[R].
[26]HINZ K,FRITSCH J,KEMPTER E H K,et al.Thrusttectonics along the north-western continental margin of Sa-bah/Borneo[J].Geol Rundsch,1989,78:705—730.
[27]RANGIN G,BELLON H,BENARD F,et al.Neogene arc-continent collision in Sabah,Northern Borneo(Malaysia)[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183:305—319.
[28]HUTCHISON C S.Marginal basin evolution:the southernSouth China Sea[J].Marine and Petro Geol,2004,21:1129—1148.
[29]孙龙涛,孙珍,詹文欢,等.南海西部断裂系研究及其物理模拟实验证据[J].海洋学报,2006,28(3):64—71.
[30]姚伯初.中南-礼乐断裂的特征及其构造意义[G]//南海地质研究(七).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1995:1—14.
[31]姚伯初.南海南部地区的新生代构造演化[G]//南海地质研究(六).武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:1—15.
[32]BRIAIS A,PATRIAT P,TAPPONNIER P.Updated in-terpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading inthe South China Sea:implications for the Tertiary Tectonicsof Southeast Asia[J].J of Geophy Res,1993,98(B4):6299—6328.
[33]PARKER E S.Plate tectonic evolution of the western Pacif-ic-Indian ocean region[J].Energy,1985,10(314):249—261.
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