柴达木盆地北缘北西(西)向断裂及其油气地质意义
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摘要
柴达木盆地的重力、地震等资料显示,柴达木盆地北缘发育众多的北西(西)向断裂构造带。平面上,这些断裂带自北向南成排成带展布,与重力异常反映的构造格局具有很好的对应关系,控制着褶皱带的走向和发育;剖面上,这些断裂表现为上、下“两层楼”式结构,分别控制着上、下第三系的沉积与演化。研究表明,北西(西)向断裂带对区内油气的聚集与成藏具有重要的控制作用:①烃源岩的展布明显受北西(西)向断裂的控制;②形成多种与断层有关的构造样式,圈闭类型以与逆断层有关的断背斜和断块型构造圈闭为主;③既可作为油气运移的通道,也可作为油气运移的遮挡物。可见,北西(西)向断裂带对本区油气的运聚成藏具有重要的地质意义。
The gravity and seismic data obtained from the Qaidam basin show that the northern margin of the Qaidam basin has developed numerous NW(W)-trending fault belts. Laterally, these fault belts assume zonal distribution from north to south. They are associated with the tectonic framework reflected by the gravity anomaly, and control the strike and development of the fold belts. Vertically, these faults show an upper and lower "two-layer building" construction, and control the deposition and evolution of Neocene and Eogene sediments. Researches reveal that the NW(W)-trending fault belts have important controlling effects on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation within the area, as evidenced by the following phenomena: ① NW(W)-trending faults obviously control the distribution of source rocks. ② They formed multiple structural styles related to faults, with the structural traps of faulted anticlines and faulted blocks related to reverse faults being the main types of traps. ③ They serve not only as pathways for hydrocarbon migration, but also as shieldings of hydrocarbon migration. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the NW(W)-trending fault belts have important geological significance in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon within the area.
The gravity and seismic data obtained from the Qaidam basin show that the northern margin of the Qaidam basin has developed numerous NW(W)-trending fault belts. Laterally, these fault belts assume zonal distribution from north to south. They are associated with the tectonic framework reflected by the gravity anomaly, and control the strike and development of the fold belts. Vertically, these faults show an upper and lower "two-layer building" construction, and control the deposition and evolution of Neocene and Eogene sediments. Researches reveal that the NW(W)-trending fault belts have important controlling effects on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation within the area, as evidenced by the following phenomena: ① NW(W)-trending faults obviously control the distribution of source rocks. ② They formed multiple structural styles related to faults, with the structural traps of faulted anticlines and faulted blocks related to reverse faults being the main types of traps. ③ They serve not only as pathways for hydrocarbon migration, but also as shieldings of hydrocarbon migration. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the NW(W)-trending fault belts have important geological significance in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon within the area.
引文
[1]查明,吴孔友,高长海.2005.柴北缘重点地区断层封闭性与油气成藏.中国石油大学(华东).
范连顺,王明儒.1999.柴达木盆地茫崖坳陷含油气系统及勘探方向.石油实验地质,21(1):41~47.
高先志,陈发景.2002.柴达木盆地北缘西段油气成藏机理研究.地球科学———中国地质大学学报,27(6):757~762.
黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生.1996.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测.北京:地质出版社.
金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.1999.柴达木盆地中-新生代构造演化.地球学报,20(增刊):68~72.
李朋武,崔军文,高锐,等.2001.柴达木地块新生代古地磁新数据及其构造意义.地球学报,22(6):563~568.
罗梅,贾疏源.1991.柴达木盆地及相邻地区地质构造演化.成都地质学院学报,18(4):56~64.
宋建国,廖建.1982.柴达木盆地构造特征及油气区的划分.石油学报,(增刊):14~23.
汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.2000.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段.石油勘探与开发,27(2):36~39.
薛光华,杨永泰.2002.柴达木盆地北缘油气分布规律研究.石油实验地质,24(2):141~146.
张明利,金之钧,汤良杰,等.1999.柴达木盆地中新生代构造应力场特征.地球学报,20(增刊):73~77.
郑孟林,李明杰,曹春潮,等.2004.柴达木北缘西段侏罗纪盆地构造特征及其演化.石油实验地质,26(4):315~318.
周建勋.2005.同沉积挤压盆地构造演化恢复的平衡剖面方法及其应用.地球学报,26(2):151~156.
Fan Lianshun,Wang Mingru.1999.Petroleum system and prospecting tar-gets of the Mangya Depression in Qaidambasin.Experimental PetroleumGeology,21(1):41~47(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Xianzhi,Chen Fajing.2002.Accumulation model of petroleum in theTertiary system of the Northwestern Qaidam basin.Earth Science(Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences),27(6):757~762(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Huang Hanchun,Huang Qinghua,Ma yinsheng,et al.1996.Geology andoil-gas prediction of Qaidam basin.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse(in Chinese).
Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,Tang Liangjie,et al.1999.Meso-Genozoic tec-tonic evolution of Qaidam basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,20(suppl.):68~72(in Chinese with English abstract).
Johnson R C,Finn TM,Nuccio VF.2001.Potential for basin-centered gasaccumulation in the Albuquerque basin,NewMexico.Geological SurveyBulletin,21(8):4~21.
LawB E.2002.Basin-centered gas systems.AAPG Bulletin,88(11):1891~1919.
Li Pengwu,Cui Junwen,Gao Rui,et al.2001.NewCenozoic Paleomagneticdate fromQaidamMassifand their tectonic implications.Acta Geoscienti-ca Sinica,22(6):563~568(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo Mei,Jia Shuyuan.1991.Geologic structure evolution in Qaidam basinand its adjacent area.Journal of Chengdu Geological Institute,18(4):56~64(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song Jianguo,Liao Jian.1982.Structural characteristics and division of oil-gas bearing province in Qaidambasin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,(suppl.):14~23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,et al.2000.Tectonic evolutionand oil(gas)pool-forming stage in northern margin of Qaidam basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(2):36~39(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Xue Guanghua,Yang Yongtai.2002.Study on the distribution rules of hy-drocarbon in the Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,24(2):141~146(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Mingli,Jin Zhijun,Tang Liangjie,et al.1999.Meso-Genozoic struc-tural stress field characteristics of Qaidambasin.Acta Geoscientica Sini-ca,20(suppl.):73~77(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Menglin,Li Mingjie,Cao Chunchao,et al.2004.Structural charac-teristics of the Jurassic basin in the West part of the Northern Margin ofthe Qaidamplate and their evolution.PetroleumGeology&Experiment,26(4):315~318(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Jianxun.2005.The balanced cross-section method for restoration ofstructural evolution in Compressional Basins with synkinematic sedimen-tation and its application.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,26(2):151~156(in Chinese with English abstract).
范连顺,王明儒.1999.柴达木盆地茫崖坳陷含油气系统及勘探方向.石油实验地质,21(1):41~47.
高先志,陈发景.2002.柴达木盆地北缘西段油气成藏机理研究.地球科学———中国地质大学学报,27(6):757~762.
黄汉纯,黄庆华,马寅生.1996.柴达木盆地地质与油气预测.北京:地质出版社.
金之钧,张明利,汤良杰,等.1999.柴达木盆地中-新生代构造演化.地球学报,20(增刊):68~72.
李朋武,崔军文,高锐,等.2001.柴达木地块新生代古地磁新数据及其构造意义.地球学报,22(6):563~568.
罗梅,贾疏源.1991.柴达木盆地及相邻地区地质构造演化.成都地质学院学报,18(4):56~64.
宋建国,廖建.1982.柴达木盆地构造特征及油气区的划分.石油学报,(增刊):14~23.
汤良杰,金之钧,张明利,等.2000.柴达木盆地北缘构造演化与油气成藏阶段.石油勘探与开发,27(2):36~39.
薛光华,杨永泰.2002.柴达木盆地北缘油气分布规律研究.石油实验地质,24(2):141~146.
张明利,金之钧,汤良杰,等.1999.柴达木盆地中新生代构造应力场特征.地球学报,20(增刊):73~77.
郑孟林,李明杰,曹春潮,等.2004.柴达木北缘西段侏罗纪盆地构造特征及其演化.石油实验地质,26(4):315~318.
周建勋.2005.同沉积挤压盆地构造演化恢复的平衡剖面方法及其应用.地球学报,26(2):151~156.
Fan Lianshun,Wang Mingru.1999.Petroleum system and prospecting tar-gets of the Mangya Depression in Qaidambasin.Experimental PetroleumGeology,21(1):41~47(in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Xianzhi,Chen Fajing.2002.Accumulation model of petroleum in theTertiary system of the Northwestern Qaidam basin.Earth Science(Jour-nal of China University of Geosciences),27(6):757~762(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Huang Hanchun,Huang Qinghua,Ma yinsheng,et al.1996.Geology andoil-gas prediction of Qaidam basin.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse(in Chinese).
Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,Tang Liangjie,et al.1999.Meso-Genozoic tec-tonic evolution of Qaidam basin.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,20(suppl.):68~72(in Chinese with English abstract).
Johnson R C,Finn TM,Nuccio VF.2001.Potential for basin-centered gasaccumulation in the Albuquerque basin,NewMexico.Geological SurveyBulletin,21(8):4~21.
LawB E.2002.Basin-centered gas systems.AAPG Bulletin,88(11):1891~1919.
Li Pengwu,Cui Junwen,Gao Rui,et al.2001.NewCenozoic Paleomagneticdate fromQaidamMassifand their tectonic implications.Acta Geoscienti-ca Sinica,22(6):563~568(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo Mei,Jia Shuyuan.1991.Geologic structure evolution in Qaidam basinand its adjacent area.Journal of Chengdu Geological Institute,18(4):56~64(in Chinese with English abstract).
Song Jianguo,Liao Jian.1982.Structural characteristics and division of oil-gas bearing province in Qaidambasin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,(suppl.):14~23(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Zhang Mingli,et al.2000.Tectonic evolutionand oil(gas)pool-forming stage in northern margin of Qaidam basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,27(2):36~39(in Chinesewith English abstract).
Xue Guanghua,Yang Yongtai.2002.Study on the distribution rules of hy-drocarbon in the Northern Margin of Qaidam Basin.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,24(2):141~146(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Mingli,Jin Zhijun,Tang Liangjie,et al.1999.Meso-Genozoic struc-tural stress field characteristics of Qaidambasin.Acta Geoscientica Sini-ca,20(suppl.):73~77(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Menglin,Li Mingjie,Cao Chunchao,et al.2004.Structural charac-teristics of the Jurassic basin in the West part of the Northern Margin ofthe Qaidamplate and their evolution.PetroleumGeology&Experiment,26(4):315~318(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou Jianxun.2005.The balanced cross-section method for restoration ofstructural evolution in Compressional Basins with synkinematic sedimen-tation and its application.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,26(2):151~156(in Chinese with English abstract).
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