从GPS水平矢量场对中国及全球地壳运动的新认识
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摘要
利用中国GPS矢量场和IERS公布的全球矢量场,对中国及全球地壳水平运动的状态进行了从全球到局部不同空间尺度的构造运动的描述和理解,其要点如下:①GPS矢量场定量地显示了中蒙构造区是全球大陆内变动最强的地区;②中蒙构造区(或中蒙次板块)内部可分出三级各具特色的构造区块、条块和地块;③中蒙西部区块呈大" ",3条边缘带都是地壳厚度陡变带,是结构性地震带,控制了全球大陆内2/3以上的8级地震;④中蒙东部构造区块是挤压型和伸展型大陆边缘最典型地区,GPS矢量场展现了现今向东的伸展蠕散运动;⑤中国西部2001年在昆仑山发生的8.1级地震与西部从GPS矢量场算得的视应变场中高应变带相关;⑥全球GPS矢量场揭示N/S半球之间存在明显的运动不协调带,该带(B带)直接表现为13条左列的走滑兼挤压断裂带,该带控制的强震活动与环太平洋俯冲带(A带)控制的地震自1897年以来交替活动已有七幕。讨论提出:①全球4个构造系(环太平洋构造系、洋脊构造系、北半球大陆高原构造系和环赤道构造系)是否与地球的N/S半球、0～180°半球的双重非对称有关?②全球GPS矢量场所描述的板块运动可否作为约束推算地幔三维运动的表层条件?
Based on the GPS vector field of Chinese Continent and the global vector field issued by the IERS, we analyses the state of the global and Chinese continental crustal movements from global scale to regional scale, the results are:①The GPS vector fields show that the deformations of ChineseMongolian tectonic region are the strongest around the globe; ②There are threelevel tectonic units with different characteristics (Region, Strip and Block) divided from ChineseMongolian tectonic region (or ChineseMongolian subplate); ③The shape of the western ChineseMongolian Region is a large triangle, the three margins of this triangle are all important structural seismic zones controlling more than 2/3 earthquakes (Ms≥8) around the globe, moreover the thickness of the crust changes rapidly across these three margins; ④The eastern ChineseMongolian region is typical area of compressivetype and extensivetype continent margin, and the GPS vector field shows that this part is creeping eastwards; ⑤The earthquake (Ms=8.1) occurring in Kunlun mountain in 2001 is located in the strong strain area of visual strain field obtained from the GPS vector field; ⑥The global GPS vector field shows that the movements between N/S hemispheres are disharmonious, this disharmonious zone (B) is composed of 13 leftlateral strikeslip faults with somewhat compression. Based on the these mentioned above, two questions are discussed: ①Are the four global tectonic systems (circumPacific Ocean, Middle Ocean Ridges, plateaus of north hemisphere and circumEquator tectonic system) related with double dissymmetry of the earth?②Can the plate movement shown by GPS vector field be taken as the surface conditions constraining the 3D movement of the mantle?
Based on the GPS vector field of Chinese Continent and the global vector field issued by the IERS, we analyses the state of the global and Chinese continental crustal movements from global scale to regional scale, the results are:①The GPS vector fields show that the deformations of ChineseMongolian tectonic region are the strongest around the globe; ②There are threelevel tectonic units with different characteristics (Region, Strip and Block) divided from ChineseMongolian tectonic region (or ChineseMongolian subplate); ③The shape of the western ChineseMongolian Region is a large triangle, the three margins of this triangle are all important structural seismic zones controlling more than 2/3 earthquakes (Ms≥8) around the globe, moreover the thickness of the crust changes rapidly across these three margins; ④The eastern ChineseMongolian region is typical area of compressivetype and extensivetype continent margin, and the GPS vector field shows that this part is creeping eastwards; ⑤The earthquake (Ms=8.1) occurring in Kunlun mountain in 2001 is located in the strong strain area of visual strain field obtained from the GPS vector field; ⑥The global GPS vector field shows that the movements between N/S hemispheres are disharmonious, this disharmonious zone (B) is composed of 13 leftlateral strikeslip faults with somewhat compression. Based on the these mentioned above, two questions are discussed: ①Are the four global tectonic systems (circumPacific Ocean, Middle Ocean Ridges, plateaus of north hemisphere and circumEquator tectonic system) related with double dissymmetry of the earth?②Can the plate movement shown by GPS vector field be taken as the surface conditions constraining the 3D movement of the mantle?
引文
①张进陕甘宁地区古生代以来的构造及演化特征研究[博士学位论文]北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2002
①马宗晋,周华伟,张进西藏高原西、中、东分段性及其意义(投出).
①MaZongjin,ZhangJin,DuPingren,etal.EpisodicandRegionalfeaturesofglobalseismicityoverthelast100yearsandtheirdy namicimplication.Tectonophysics(submitted).
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[4] ZhangPeizhen,WangQi,MaZongjin.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustalblocksofcontemporarytectonicdeformationincontinentalChina[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):430441.[张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430 441.]
[5] JiangZaisen,MaZongjin,ZhangXi,etal.ThedeformationandhorizontalstrainfieldofChinesecontinentshownbypreliminaryresultsofGPS[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,2003,(inpress).[江在森,马宗晋,张希,等.GPS初步结果揭示的中国大陆水平应变场与构造变形[J].地球物理学报,2003,(待刊).]
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[8] ZhangPeizhen,WangQi,MaZongjin.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustaldeformationinandaroundtheQinghai Tibetplateau[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):442 449.[张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442 450.]
[9] MaQing,HuangLiren,MaZongjin,etal.Recentcrustalverticalmovementinso calledCentralAxisStructureZoneinthecontinentofChina[J].ActaGeologicaSinica,2003,77(inpress).[马青,黄立人,马宗晋,等.中国大陆中轴构造带的现今地壳垂直运动[J].地质学报,2003,77(待刊).]
[10] MaZongjin,WangQianying,XuJie,etal.ThecomparisonoftransversestructuresacrosstheTaiwanstrait[J].ScienceinChina(D),2002,32(6):441 451.[马宗晋,王乾盈,徐杰,等.台湾海峡两岸横向构造的对比研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(6):441 451.]
[11] MaZongjin,RenJinwei,ZhangJin.TheglobaltectonicmovementshownbythevelocityvectorfieldobtainedbyobservationearthstationsundertheITRF97[J].ScienceinChina(D),2002,32(5):353 357.[马宗晋,任金卫,张进.ITRF97下空间对地观测站速度矢量显示的全球构造运动[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(5):353 357.]
[12] MaZongjin,RenJinwei,ZhangJin.Thepresentplatemovementsshownbyvectorfieldobtainedbyglobalspaceobservationstations[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2003,10(inpress).[马宗晋,任金卫,张进.全球空间测地站水平矢量场对板块运动的描述[J].地学前缘,2003,10(待刊).]
[13] HuangLiren,MaZongjin,ZhuJianxin.ThenewestobservationalevidenceonasymmetricaldeformationoftheEarth[J].ActaSeismologicalSinica,2002,24(2):196 199.[黄立人,马宗晋,朱建新.地球非对称变形的最新观测数据[J].地震学报,2002,24(2):196 199.]
[14] HuangLiren,MaZongjin,ZhuJianxin.ThenewestobservationalevidenceonasymmetricaldeformationoftheEarth[J].ActaSeismologicalSinica,2002,15(2):210 213.
[15] ZhuJianxin,HuangLiren.TherecentglobalmovementinreferenceframeofAtlanticridge[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,2003(inpress).[朱建新,黄立人.建立在大西洋裂谷坐标系下的现今全球运动[J].地球物理学报,2003(待刊).]
[16] FengRui,ZhangChijun,FangJian,etal.TheBasicFiguresoftheDeepStructuresoftheEurasianContinentandWesternPacificocean[M].B
①马宗晋,周华伟,张进西藏高原西、中、东分段性及其意义(投出).
①MaZongjin,ZhangJin,DuPingren,etal.EpisodicandRegionalfeaturesofglobalseismicityoverthelast100yearsandtheirdy namicimplication.Tectonophysics(submitted).
[1] MaZongjin,ChenXinlian,YeShuhua,etal.ContermporarycrustalmovementofcontinentalChinaobtainedbyglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)measurement[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,2001,46(13):1118 1120.[马宗晋,陈鑫连,叶叔华,等.中国大陆区现今地壳运动的GPS研究[J].科学通报,2001,46(13):1118 1120.]
[2] MaZongjin,ChenXinlian,YeShuhua,etal.ContermporarycrustalmovementofcontinentalChinaobtainedbyglobalpositioningsystem(GPS)measurement[J].ChineseScienceBulletin,2001,46(18):1552 1554.
[3] WangQi,ZhangPeizhen,MaZongjin.GPSdatabaseandvelocityfieldofcontemporarytectonicdeformationincontinentalChina[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):415 429.[王琪,张培震,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造变形GPS观测数据与速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):415 429.]
[4] ZhangPeizhen,WangQi,MaZongjin.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustalblocksofcontemporarytectonicdeformationincontinentalChina[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):430441.[张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430 441.]
[5] JiangZaisen,MaZongjin,ZhangXi,etal.ThedeformationandhorizontalstrainfieldofChinesecontinentshownbypreliminaryresultsofGPS[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,2003,(inpress).[江在森,马宗晋,张希,等.GPS初步结果揭示的中国大陆水平应变场与构造变形[J].地球物理学报,2003,(待刊).]
[6] ZhangWenyou,ZhangKang,ZhaoYonggui,etal.TheMesozoicandCenozoicgeotectoniccharacteristicsanddynamicalmodelofthelithosphereinnorthChinafaultblockregion[J].ActaGeologicaSinica,1983,1:33 42.[张文佑,张抗,赵永贵,等.华北断块区中、新生代地质构造特征及岩石圈动力学模型[J].地质学报,1983,1:33 42.]
[7] EditorialBoardforLithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina,StateSeismologicalBureau.LithosphericDynamicsAtlasofChina[M].Beijing:ChinaCartographicPublishingHouse,1989.[国家地震局《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》编委会.中国岩石圈动力学地图集[M].北京:中国地图出版社,1989.]
[8] ZhangPeizhen,WangQi,MaZongjin.GPSvelocityfieldandactivecrustaldeformationinandaroundtheQinghai Tibetplateau[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2002,9(2):442 449.[张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442 450.]
[9] MaQing,HuangLiren,MaZongjin,etal.Recentcrustalverticalmovementinso calledCentralAxisStructureZoneinthecontinentofChina[J].ActaGeologicaSinica,2003,77(inpress).[马青,黄立人,马宗晋,等.中国大陆中轴构造带的现今地壳垂直运动[J].地质学报,2003,77(待刊).]
[10] MaZongjin,WangQianying,XuJie,etal.ThecomparisonoftransversestructuresacrosstheTaiwanstrait[J].ScienceinChina(D),2002,32(6):441 451.[马宗晋,王乾盈,徐杰,等.台湾海峡两岸横向构造的对比研究[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(6):441 451.]
[11] MaZongjin,RenJinwei,ZhangJin.TheglobaltectonicmovementshownbythevelocityvectorfieldobtainedbyobservationearthstationsundertheITRF97[J].ScienceinChina(D),2002,32(5):353 357.[马宗晋,任金卫,张进.ITRF97下空间对地观测站速度矢量显示的全球构造运动[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(5):353 357.]
[12] MaZongjin,RenJinwei,ZhangJin.Thepresentplatemovementsshownbyvectorfieldobtainedbyglobalspaceobservationstations[J].EarthScienceFrontiers,2003,10(inpress).[马宗晋,任金卫,张进.全球空间测地站水平矢量场对板块运动的描述[J].地学前缘,2003,10(待刊).]
[13] HuangLiren,MaZongjin,ZhuJianxin.ThenewestobservationalevidenceonasymmetricaldeformationoftheEarth[J].ActaSeismologicalSinica,2002,24(2):196 199.[黄立人,马宗晋,朱建新.地球非对称变形的最新观测数据[J].地震学报,2002,24(2):196 199.]
[14] HuangLiren,MaZongjin,ZhuJianxin.ThenewestobservationalevidenceonasymmetricaldeformationoftheEarth[J].ActaSeismologicalSinica,2002,15(2):210 213.
[15] ZhuJianxin,HuangLiren.TherecentglobalmovementinreferenceframeofAtlanticridge[J].ChineseJournalofGeophysics,2003(inpress).[朱建新,黄立人.建立在大西洋裂谷坐标系下的现今全球运动[J].地球物理学报,2003(待刊).]
[16] FengRui,ZhangChijun,FangJian,etal.TheBasicFiguresoftheDeepStructuresoftheEurasianContinentandWesternPacificocean[M].B
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