世界海洋油气资源现状和勘探特点及方法
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摘要
全球海洋油气资源丰富,海洋石油资源量占全球石油资源总量的34%,探明率在30%左右,尚处于勘探早期阶段。由于海洋特殊的环境,海上油气勘探的投资大幅增加,一般是陆地油气勘探投资的3～5倍。海洋油气勘探以海上拖缆地震勘探为主要手段。海上勘探阶段划分为初步勘探阶段和进一步勘探阶段。初步勘探阶段包括盆地评价、区块与圈闭评价、发现油气藏;进一步勘探阶段则以钻探井和评价井为主,以扩大含油气面积,增加和探明油气地质储量。墨西哥湾、西非及巴西等海域将继续引领全球海洋油气勘探潮流,发达国家的油气勘探技术日渐成熟。
Marine oil and gas resources are abundant and take up about 34% of the whole world.They are still in the early states of exploration with proven rate being 30%.Because of special marine environment,the investment on marine oil and gas exploration increases dramatically,generally three to five times higher than that on land-based exploration.Marine oil and gas exploration takes the marine towing seismic exploration as a primary means. The marine exploration phase is classified into the preliminary exploration phase and the further exploration phase.The former one consists of the basin evaluation,the block evaluation,and the trap evaluation.The latter one lays emphasis on drilling wells and appraisal wells,with an aim to expand the petroleum area and increase proven oil and gas geological reserves.The Gulf of Mexico,West Africa,and Brazil will continue to lead the trend of the global marine oil and gas exploration.Exploration techniques are becoming more and more mature in developed countries.
Marine oil and gas resources are abundant and take up about 34% of the whole world.They are still in the early states of exploration with proven rate being 30%.Because of special marine environment,the investment on marine oil and gas exploration increases dramatically,generally three to five times higher than that on land-based exploration.Marine oil and gas exploration takes the marine towing seismic exploration as a primary means. The marine exploration phase is classified into the preliminary exploration phase and the further exploration phase.The former one consists of the basin evaluation,the block evaluation,and the trap evaluation.The latter one lays emphasis on drilling wells and appraisal wells,with an aim to expand the petroleum area and increase proven oil and gas geological reserves.The Gulf of Mexico,West Africa,and Brazil will continue to lead the trend of the global marine oil and gas exploration.Exploration techniques are becoming more and more mature in developed countries.
引文
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[16]潘继平．加快中国深海油气资源的经济开发[J]．国际石油经济，2007，10：59～61．
[2]Seemann U,Pumpin V F,Casson N.Amposta oil field.In:Beaumont E A,Foster N H,ed.Structural traps.AAPG Trearise of Petroleum Geology,Atlas of Oil and Gas.1990:1～20.
[3]Kirker R J.The Casablanca oil field story.In:Libro Homenaje a Jose Ramirez del Pozo.AGGE Publication. 2007:9～14.
[4]Garcia-Sineriz B,Querol R,Castillo F,et al.A new hydrocarbon province in the Western Mediterranean. Proceedings 10th World Petroleum Congress. Bucharest.1980,4:191～197.
[5]Watson H J.Casablanca field,offshore Spain- paleogeomorphic trap.In:Halbouty M T,ed.The deliberate search for the Subtle Trap.AAPG Memoir, 2006,32:237～250.
[6]Clavell E,Berastegui X.Petroleum geology of the GuLf of Valeneia.In:Spencer A M,ed.Generation. Accumulation,and production of Europe's hydrocarbons. Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geoseientists.2006,1:355～368.
[7]Maillard A,Maufret A,Watts A B,et al.Seismic stratigraphy and structure of the Valencia Trough. Sixth Meeting of the European Union of Geosciences: Terra Abstracts,1991,3(1):176.
[8]Demaison J,Bourgeois T.Environments of deposition of Middle Mioeene (Alcanar) carbonate source beds, Casablanca field,Tarragona basin,offshore Spain.In: Palacas J,ed.Petroleum geochemistry and source potential of carbonate rocks.AAPG Studies in Geology, 2004,18:151～161.
[9]Albaiges J,Algaba J,Clavell E,et al.Petroleum geochemistry of the Tarragona Basin (Spanish Mediterranean offshore).In:Advances in Organic Geochemistry.Organic Geochemistry,2005,(10): 441～450.
[10]Lomando A J,Harris P M.Casablanca field,offshore Spain-a karsted carbonate reservoir.Annual AAPG Convention.2004:201.
[11]Lomando A J,Harris P M,Orlopp D E.Casablanca field,Tarragona Basin.In..Fritz R D,Wilson J L, Yurewicz D A,ed.Paleokarst related hydrocarbon reservoirs.SEPM Core Workshop.2003,18:201～225.
[12]Orlopp D E.Casablanca oilfield.Spain karsted carbonate trap.AAPG Bulletin,1990,74(5):734.
[13]庞雄奇．油气田勘探[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，2006：5～100．
[14]刘冰．海外油田工程技术服务市场继续扩大[J]．国际石油经济，2007，9：33～37．
[15]潘继平．国外深水油气资源开发进展与经验[J]．石油科技论坛，2007，4：35～36．
[16]潘继平．加快中国深海油气资源的经济开发[J]．国际石油经济，2007，10：59～61．
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