中国中东部地震台站噪声互相关函数中面波前驱信号的分析研究
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摘要
利用中国中东部地震台网中430个宽频带台站2008和2009两年的垂直分量记录,我们计算了台站对之间的噪声互相关函数(Noise Cross-correlation Function,NCF).在相当多的NCF中,沿大圆路径传播的瑞利面波信号之前存在一个较强的前驱信号,该信号持续时间约50s,频率范围为0.07～0.12Hz.此信号在同一台站对的NCF中稳定存在、到时相同,而在不同台站对的NCF中到时不一致,这表明该信号可能源于一个固定的较小区域内持续存在的噪声源.基于格点搜索方法的定位结果显示该噪声源位于日本九州岛附近,其激发出的信号传播速度约2.7km/s.假定该信号由一点产生,我们计算了合成地震图,合成地震图与观测到的前驱信号基本一致,验证了定位结果的可靠性.此噪声源会对特定路径上的面波信号产生干扰,在相关研究中需要采取一定措施避免.该噪声源的物理机制有待于进一步的研究.
We calculated the cross correlation function(NCF) for each station pair using vertical component of 430 broadband stations in middle-eastern China from 2008 to 2009.Very strong precursors before Rayleigh wave are observed in most NCFs,which are persistent within two years.These signals last for about 50 s and peak from 0.07 Hz to 0.12 Hz in spectrum.The arrival times of these precursors are constant for same station pair but vary with different station pair,which indicates these signals may origin from a persistent localized microseism source.Triangulation location using grid search method indicates that they are generated around Kyushu island of Japan,assuming a homogeneous propagation velocity of 2.7 km/s.This location result is further verified by comparing synthetic NCFs with observations.Special attentions should be paid to minimize possible errors caused by these precursors for studies based on ambient seismic noise.The physical mechanism of this microseism source remains to be studied.
We calculated the cross correlation function(NCF) for each station pair using vertical component of 430 broadband stations in middle-eastern China from 2008 to 2009.Very strong precursors before Rayleigh wave are observed in most NCFs,which are persistent within two years.These signals last for about 50 s and peak from 0.07 Hz to 0.12 Hz in spectrum.The arrival times of these precursors are constant for same station pair but vary with different station pair,which indicates these signals may origin from a persistent localized microseism source.Triangulation location using grid search method indicates that they are generated around Kyushu island of Japan,assuming a homogeneous propagation velocity of 2.7 km/s.This location result is further verified by comparing synthetic NCFs with observations.Special attentions should be paid to minimize possible errors caused by these precursors for studies based on ambient seismic noise.The physical mechanism of this microseism source remains to be studied.
引文
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[26]Liu Z K,Huang J L,Li J J.Comparison of four techniquesfor estimating temporal change of seismic velocity withpassive image interferometry.Earthq.Sci.,2010,23(5):511-518,doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0749-z.
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[28]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H.Characteristics of ambientseismic noise as a source for surface wave tomography.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q02008,doi:10.1029/2007GC001814.
[29]Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H,Bensen G D.Source locationof the 26sec microseism from cross-correlations of ambientseismic noise.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33:L18310,doi:10.1029/2006GL027010.
[30]Gu Y J,Dublanko C,Lerner-Lam A,et al.Probing thesources of ambient seismic noise near the coasts of southernItaly.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34:L22315,doi:10.1029/2007GL031967.
[31]Marzorati S,Bindi D.Characteristics of ambient noise crosscorrelations in northern Italy within the frequency range of0.1～0.6Hz.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.,2008,98(3):1389-1398.
[32]于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(1):1-14.Yu X W,Chen Y T,Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wavevelocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1):1-14.
[33]何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的瑞利波群速度分布图象与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(3):252-259.He Z Q,Ding Z F,Ye T L,et al.The group velocitydistribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantlevelocity strcture of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3):252-259.
[34]Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wavetomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2):2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696.
[35]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.
[36]Longuet-Higgins M S.A theory of the origin of microseisms.Phil.Trans.R.Soc.London,Ser.A.,1950,243(857):1-35.
[37]Kawakatsu H,Ohminato T,Ito H.10s-period volcanictremors observed over a wide area in southwestern Japan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1994,21(18):1963-1966.
[38]Kawakatsu H,Kaneshima S,Matsubayashi H,et al.Aso94:Aso seismic observation with broadband instruments.J.Volcanol.Geotherm.Res.,2000,101(1-2):129-154.
[39]Holcomb L G.Microseisms:A 26sec spectral line in long-period Earth motion.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1980,70(4):1055-1070.
[2]Wapenaar K.Retrieving the elastodynamic Green′s functionof an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium by cross correlation.Phys.Rev.Lett.,2004,93(25):254-301.
[3]Sabra K G,Roux P,Kuperman W A.Emergence rate of thetime-domain Green′s function from the ambient noise cross-correlation function.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2005,118(6):3524-3531.
[4]Roux P,Sabra K G,Kuperman W A,et al.Ambient noisecross correlation in free space:theoretical approach.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2005,117(1):79-84.
[5]Shapiro N M,Campillo M.Emergence of broadband Rayleighwaves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31:L07614,doi:10.1029/2004GL019491.
[6]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.Processingseismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-bandsurface wave dispersion measurements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169(3):1239-1260.
[7]Lin F C,Moschetti M P,Ritzwoller M H.Surface wavetomography of the western United States from ambientseismic noise:Rayleigh and Love wave phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,173(1):281-298.
[8]Li HY,Bernardi F,Michelini A.Love wave tomography inItaly from seismic ambient noise.Earthq.Sci.,2010,23(5):487-495,doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0747-1.
[9]Roux P.Sabra K G,Gerstoft P,et al.P-waves from cross-correlation of seismic noise.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32:L19303,doi:10.1029/2005GL023803.
[10]Landès M,Hubans F,Shapiro N M,et al.Origin of deepocean microseisms by using teleseismic body waves.J.Geophys.Res.,2010,115:B05302,doi:10.1029/2009JB006918.
[11]Zhan Z W,Ni S D,Helmberger D V,et al.Retrieval ofMoho-reflected shear wave arrivals from ambient seismicnoise.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,182(1):408-420.doi:10.1111/j.365-246X.2010.04625.x.
[12]Wang W T,Ni S D,Wang B S.Composition of highfrequency ambient noise from cross-correlation:A case studyusing a small aperture array.Earthq.Sci.,2010,23(5):433-438,doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0742-6.
[13]Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.High-resolutionsurface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise.Science,2005,307(5715):1615-1618.
[14]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,Levshin A,et al.Ambient noiseRayleigh wave tomography across Europe.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,168(1):259-274.
[15]Zheng S H,Sun X L,Song X D,et al.Surface wavetomography of China from ambient seismic noise correlation.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q05020,doi:10.1029/2008GC001981.
[16]Bensen G D,Ritzwoller M H,Shapiro N M.Broadbandambient noise surface wave tomography across the UnitedStates.J.Geophys.Res.,2008,113:B05306,doi 10.1029/2007JB005248.
[17]Yao H J,van der Hilst R D,de Hoop M V.Surface-wavearray tomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise andtwo-station analysis:I-Phase velocity maps.Geophys.J.Int.,2006,166(2):732-744,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03028.x.
[18]Yao H J,Beghein C,Van der Hilst R D.Surface wave arraytomography in SE Tibet from ambient seismic noise and two-station analysis:II-Crustal and upper-mantle structure.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,173(1):205-219,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03696.x.
[19]Yang Y J,Zheng Y,Chen J,et al.Rayleigh wave phasevelocity maps of Tibet and the surrounding regions fromambient seismic noise tomography.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2010,11:Q08010,doi:10.1029/2010GC003119.
[20]Fang L H,Wu J P,Ding Z F,et al.High resolutionRayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North Chinafrom ambient seismic noise.Geophys.J.Int.,2010,181(2):1171-1182,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04571.x.
[21]Zheng Y,Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H,et al.Crustalstructure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordosblock and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography.Earthq.Sci.,2010,23(5):465-476,doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0745-3.
[22]Zheng X F,Jiao W J,Zhang C H,et al.Short-periodRayleigh-wave group velocity tomography through ambientnoise cross-correlation in Xinjiang,northwest China.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2010,100(3):1350-1355.
[23]Brenguier F,Shapiro N M,Campillo M,et al.Towardsforecasting volcanic eruptions using seismic noise.Nat.Geosci.,2008,1(2):126-130,doi:10.1038/ngeo104.
[24]Cheng X,Niu F L,Wang B S.Coseismic velocity change inthe rupture zone of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquakeobserved from ambient seismic noise.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,2010,100(5B):2539-2550.
[25]Brenguier F,Campillo M,Hadziioannou C,et al.Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas Fault atParkfield from continuous seismological observations.Science,2008,321(5895):1478-1481.
[26]Liu Z K,Huang J L,Li J J.Comparison of four techniquesfor estimating temporal change of seismic velocity withpassive image interferometry.Earthq.Sci.,2010,23(5):511-518,doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0749-z.
[27]Stehly L,Campillo M,Shapiro N M.A study of the seismicnoise from its long-range correlation properties.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111:B10306,doi:10.1029/2005JB004237.
[28]Yang Y J,Ritzwoller M H.Characteristics of ambientseismic noise as a source for surface wave tomography.Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2008,9:Q02008,doi:10.1029/2007GC001814.
[29]Shapiro N M,Ritzwoller M H,Bensen G D.Source locationof the 26sec microseism from cross-correlations of ambientseismic noise.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2006,33:L18310,doi:10.1029/2006GL027010.
[30]Gu Y J,Dublanko C,Lerner-Lam A,et al.Probing thesources of ambient seismic noise near the coasts of southernItaly.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2007,34:L22315,doi:10.1029/2007GL031967.
[31]Marzorati S,Bindi D.Characteristics of ambient noise crosscorrelations in northern Italy within the frequency range of0.1～0.6Hz.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.,2008,98(3):1389-1398.
[32]于湘伟,陈运泰,王培德.京津唐地区中上地壳三维P波速度结构.地震学报,2003,25(1):1-14.Yu X W,Chen Y T,Wang P D.Three-dimensional P wavevelocity structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2003,25(1):1-14.
[33]何正勤,丁志峰,叶太兰等.中国大陆及其邻域的瑞利波群速度分布图象与地壳上地幔速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(3):252-259.He Z Q,Ding Z F,Ye T L,et al.The group velocitydistribution of Rayleigh waves and crustal and upper mantlevelocity strcture of the Chinese mainland and its vicinity.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(3):252-259.
[34]Huang Z X,Su W,Peng Y J,et al.Rayleigh wavetomography of China and adjacent regions.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B2):2073,doi:10.1029/2001JB001696.
[35]郑秀芬,欧阳飚,张东宁等.“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑.地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1412-1417,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.Zheng X F,Ouyang B,Zhang D N,et al.Technical systemconstruction of Data Backup Centre for China SeismographNetwork and the data support to researches on the Wenchuanearthquake.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1412-1417,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.05.031.
[36]Longuet-Higgins M S.A theory of the origin of microseisms.Phil.Trans.R.Soc.London,Ser.A.,1950,243(857):1-35.
[37]Kawakatsu H,Ohminato T,Ito H.10s-period volcanictremors observed over a wide area in southwestern Japan.Geophys.Res.Lett.,1994,21(18):1963-1966.
[38]Kawakatsu H,Kaneshima S,Matsubayashi H,et al.Aso94:Aso seismic observation with broadband instruments.J.Volcanol.Geotherm.Res.,2000,101(1-2):129-154.
[39]Holcomb L G.Microseisms:A 26sec spectral line in long-period Earth motion.Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1980,70(4):1055-1070.
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