地震波阻抗约束下的储层地质建模方法与实践
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摘要
以地质统计学为基础的三维地质建模技术已成为当今储层精细描述中的一项关键技术,但该项技术存在着一个最大的限制就是对硬数据的密度要求十分苛刻,因而多用于井网密度大的已开发区的储层精细描述。而在勘探区块,多采用地震属性资料作为软约束,来弥补资料不足的缺陷。本文以我国海上某油田为例,探讨了应用地震反演资料约束三维储层建模的几种方法,并提出"多条件、多级约束"的建模策略。研究表明,有效地应用包括地震信息在内的多学科信息进行岩相随机建模,能有效地弥补井间信息不足的缺陷,降低地质模型的不确定性,所建立的模型能很好地综合井资料的纵向高精度和地震资料的横向高精度信息,可以成功地应用三维随机建模技术解决勘探开发阶段的储层精细描述问题。
Three-dimensional geological modelling technology based on geostatistics has become a key technology for the fine reservoir description,however,practically a restriction exists on the density of hard data.The technology tends to be most used for the fine reservoir description in the zone with great well density.In the exploration block,seismic attribute data are most applied as soft constraints to make up the deficiencies of insufficient information.Based on the research of an offshore oilfield in China,this paper discusses the application of 3D seismic inversion constrained reservoir model in several ways,and provides modeling strategies of "multi-condition,multi-level constraint".Our results demonstrate that the application of multi-subject information including seismic information can efficiently make up the shortcoming of lacking of information between wells,and decreases the uncertainty of geologic models.The established models can integrate the vertical high resolution of wells and horizontal high resolution of seismic data,hence,with this method,3D stochastic modeling technology can be applied successfully to solve any problems of fine reservoir description during exploration and development.
Three-dimensional geological modelling technology based on geostatistics has become a key technology for the fine reservoir description,however,practically a restriction exists on the density of hard data.The technology tends to be most used for the fine reservoir description in the zone with great well density.In the exploration block,seismic attribute data are most applied as soft constraints to make up the deficiencies of insufficient information.Based on the research of an offshore oilfield in China,this paper discusses the application of 3D seismic inversion constrained reservoir model in several ways,and provides modeling strategies of "multi-condition,multi-level constraint".Our results demonstrate that the application of multi-subject information including seismic information can efficiently make up the shortcoming of lacking of information between wells,and decreases the uncertainty of geologic models.The established models can integrate the vertical high resolution of wells and horizontal high resolution of seismic data,hence,with this method,3D stochastic modeling technology can be applied successfully to solve any problems of fine reservoir description during exploration and development.
引文
[1]于兴河.油气储层表征与随机建模的发展历程及展望[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):1-15.
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[3]Xu W L,Tran T T.Integrating Seismic Data in Reservoir Modeling:The Collocated Cokriging Alternative[R].SPE 24742,1993:833-842.
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[5]Tjolsen C B,Gyrid J,Gunnar H,et al.Seismic Data Can Improve the Stochastic Facies Modeling[R].SPE30567,1996:141-145.
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[8]Behrens R A,MacLeod M K,Tran T T.Incorporating Seis-mic Attribute Maps in3DReservoir Models[R].SPE Reser-voir Evaluation and Engineering,1998:122-126.
[9]Dubrukle O,Thibaut M,Lamy Ph,et al.Geostatistics res-ervoir characterization constrained by3-D seismic data[J].Petroleum Geoscience,1998,4:121-128.
[10]Yao T T.Integration of seismic attribute map into3Dfacies modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2000,27:69-84.
[11]吴胜和,刘英,范峥,等.应用地质和地震信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模[J].古地理学报,2003,5(4):439-449.
[12]程立华,吴胜和,贾爱林,等.综合多信息进行地震约束储层随机建模:以准噶尔盆地庄1井区J 1 s 2 2砂组为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):128-131.
[13]于兴河,李胜利,赵舒,等.河流相油气储层的井震结合相控随机建模约束方法[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):33-41.
[14]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:35-39.
[15]Deutsch C V,Journal A G.GSLIB Geostatistical Software Library and User’s Guide[M].London:Oxford Press,1996:146-152.
[16]陈恭洋.碎屑岩储层随机建模的基本理论与实践[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(4):1-4.
[17]陈恭洋,周艳丽,胡勇.碎屑岩储层岩石物理特征及岩性解释方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(2):21-27.
[2]Doyen P M.Porosity from seismic data:A geostatistical ap-proach[J].Geophysics,1988,53(10):1263-1275.
[3]Xu W L,Tran T T.Integrating Seismic Data in Reservoir Modeling:The Collocated Cokriging Alternative[R].SPE 24742,1993:833-842.
[4]Yang C T,Chopra A K,Chu J,et al.Integrated Geostatisti-cal Reservoir Description Using Petrophysical,Geological,and Seismic Data for Yacheng13-1Gas Field[R].SPE 30566,1995:357-372.
[5]Tjolsen C B,Gyrid J,Gunnar H,et al.Seismic Data Can Improve the Stochastic Facies Modeling[R].SPE30567,1996:141-145.
[6]Deutsch C V.Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling Accounting for Precision and Scale of Seismic Data[R].SPE36497,1996:9-19.
[7]Doyen P M,Psaila D E,den Boer L D.Reconciling Data atSeismic and Well Log Scale in3-D Earth Modeling[R].SPE 38698,1997.
[8]Behrens R A,MacLeod M K,Tran T T.Incorporating Seis-mic Attribute Maps in3DReservoir Models[R].SPE Reser-voir Evaluation and Engineering,1998:122-126.
[9]Dubrukle O,Thibaut M,Lamy Ph,et al.Geostatistics res-ervoir characterization constrained by3-D seismic data[J].Petroleum Geoscience,1998,4:121-128.
[10]Yao T T.Integration of seismic attribute map into3Dfacies modeling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2000,27:69-84.
[11]吴胜和,刘英,范峥,等.应用地质和地震信息进行三维沉积微相随机建模[J].古地理学报,2003,5(4):439-449.
[12]程立华,吴胜和,贾爱林,等.综合多信息进行地震约束储层随机建模:以准噶尔盆地庄1井区J 1 s 2 2砂组为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(3):128-131.
[13]于兴河,李胜利,赵舒,等.河流相油气储层的井震结合相控随机建模约束方法[J].地学前缘,2008,15(4):33-41.
[14]陈恭洋.碎屑岩油气储层随机建模[M].北京:地质出版社,2000:35-39.
[15]Deutsch C V,Journal A G.GSLIB Geostatistical Software Library and User’s Guide[M].London:Oxford Press,1996:146-152.
[16]陈恭洋.碎屑岩储层随机建模的基本理论与实践[J].江汉石油学院学报,2001,23(4):1-4.
[17]陈恭洋,周艳丽,胡勇.碎屑岩储层岩石物理特征及岩性解释方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(2):21-27.
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