构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层
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摘要
热液白云岩储层的岩石特征与密西西比 Pb-Zn 硫化矿床的白云岩容矿层相似,以广泛发育的基质交代型和孔-缝充填的鞍形白云石为标型特征,同时含有少量其他热液矿物如闪锌矿、方铅矿、石英、黄铁矿、重晶石以及萤石等,另外还经常可见被鞍形白云石充填的因剪切应力形成的微裂缝、斑马纹构造和白云岩角砾。由于热液流体对原碳酸盐岩(主要是灰岩)的差异性溶蚀,往往保留了未被充满的孔洞、缝,为油气的充注提供了空间。输导热液流体的断裂系统通常为张性或扭张性断裂系统,白云岩化作用主要发生在断裂系统的上盘,并沿着孔渗性相对较好的原岩侧向推进。借助于高分辨率地震属性分析和成像技术,可以对热液白云岩储层进行表征和预测,从而为油气勘探决策提供依据。
Sharing similar lithologic characteristics with dolomite seam hosting MVT Pb-Zn sulfide ores,hydro- thermal dolomite reservoirs contains mainly massive-matrix-replacement dolomites and void-or fracture-filling saddle dolomite dotted with small amount of other hydrothermal ores,such as sphalerite,galena,quartz,pyrite, barite,and fluorite.Saddle dolomite-filling microfractures and zebra textures formed by shear stress and dolomite breccias are also common in these reservoirs.Unfilled vugs,fractures,and pores from differential dissolution of the original carbonates(mainly limestone)provide the necessary spaces for later hydrocarbon charges.The hydro- thermal fluids preferentially flow upwards along the extensional and transtensional fault systems,where dolomiti- zation preferentially occurs on the hanging walls and extends laterally in the course of fault propagation.The hy- drothermal dolomite reservoir can be well characterized and predicted through high-resolution seismic attribute analysis and imaging.
Sharing similar lithologic characteristics with dolomite seam hosting MVT Pb-Zn sulfide ores,hydro- thermal dolomite reservoirs contains mainly massive-matrix-replacement dolomites and void-or fracture-filling saddle dolomite dotted with small amount of other hydrothermal ores,such as sphalerite,galena,quartz,pyrite, barite,and fluorite.Saddle dolomite-filling microfractures and zebra textures formed by shear stress and dolomite breccias are also common in these reservoirs.Unfilled vugs,fractures,and pores from differential dissolution of the original carbonates(mainly limestone)provide the necessary spaces for later hydrocarbon charges.The hydro- thermal fluids preferentially flow upwards along the extensional and transtensional fault systems,where dolomiti- zation preferentially occurs on the hanging walls and extends laterally in the course of fault propagation.The hy- drothermal dolomite reservoir can be well characterized and predicted through high-resolution seismic attribute analysis and imaging.
引文
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2 Wickstrom L H,Gray J D,Stieglitz R D.Stratigraphy,stnacture,and production history of the Trenton Limestone(Ordovician)and adjacent strata in northwestern Ohio[Z].Ohio Geol Survey Invest Report,1992,143:78
3 Machel H G.Concepts and models of dolomitization:a critical reappraisal[A].In:Braithwaite C J R,Rizzi G,Darke G,eds.The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,2004,235:7-63
4 Davies G R,Smith B S Jr.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11) :1 641-1 690
5 Mountjoy E W,Halim-Dihardja M K.Multiple phase fracture and fault-controlled burial dolomitization,Upper Devonian Wabamun Group,Alberta[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1991,61:590-612
6 Duggan J P,Mountjoy E W,Stasiuk L D.Fault controlled dolomitization at Swan Hills Simonette oil field(Devonian),deep basin west-central Alberta,Canada[J].Sedimentology ,2001,48:301-323
7 Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Large-scale fluid flow in the Middle Devonian Presqu'ile Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Geology,1992,20:903-906
8 Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Formation of coarsely crystalhne,hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in the Presqu' ile Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78:55-77
9 Middleton K,Coniglio M,Sherlock R,et al.Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs,southwestern Ontario[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,1993,41:150-163
10 Keith B D.Reservoirs resulting from facies-independent dolomitization:case histories from the Trenton and Black River carbonate rocks of the Great Lake areas[J].Carbonate and Evaporites,1986,1(1) :74-82
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13 张涛,闫相宾.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :745～754
14 韩革华,漆立新,李宋杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6) :860～870． 878
15 吕修祥,杨宁,解启来,等.塔中地区深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3) :284～289,296
16 Chen D Z,Qing H R,Yang C.Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian(Givetian)carbonates from Guilin area,South China[J].Sedimentology,2004,51:1 029～ 1 051
17 White D E.Thermal waters of volcanic origin[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1957,68:1 637-1 658
18 Machel H G,Lonnee J.Hydrothermal dolomite-a product of poor definition and imagination[J].Sediment Geol,2002,152:163-171
19 Braithwaite C J R,Rizz G.The geometry and petrogenesis of hydrothermal dolomites at Navan,Ireland[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:421-440
20 Nielsen P,Swennen R,Mnchez Ph,et al.Origin of Dinantian zebra dolomites south of the Braban-Wales Massif,Belgium[J].Sedimentology,1998,45:727-743
21 Boni M,Parente G,Bechstadt T,et al.Hydrothermal dolomites in SW Sardinia(Italy):evidence for a widespread late-Variscan fluids flow event[J].Sed Geol,2000,131:181-200
22 Radke B M,Mathis R L.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomite[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1980,50(4) :1 149-1 168
23 Gregg J M.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomite-discussion[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1983,53:1 025-1 033
24 Machel H G.Saddle dolomite as a by-product of chemical compaction and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geology,1987,15:936-940
25 Wallace M W,Both R A,Ruano S M,et al.Zebra textures from carbonate-hosted sulphide deposits:sheet cavity networks produced by fracture and solution enhancement[J].Econ Geol,1994,89:1 183-1 191
26 Tarasewicz J P T,Woodcock H H,Dickson J A D.Carbonate dilation breccias:examples from the damage zone of the Dent fault,northwest England[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,2005,117:736-745
27 Goldstein R H,Reynolds T J.Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals[M].SEPM Short Course,1994,31:199
28 Bodnar R J.Revised equation and table for deterroination in the freezing point depression of H_2O-NaCl solutions[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1993,57:683-684
29 Spencer R J.Origin of Ca-Cl brines in Devonian formations,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Applied Geochem,1987,2:373-384
30 Green D G,Mountjoy E W.Fault and conduit controlled burial dolomitization of the Devonian west-central Alberta deep basin[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,2005,53(2) :101-129
31 Phillips W J.Hydraulic fracturing and mineralization[J].Jour Geol Soci(London),1972,128:337-359
32 Knipe R J.The influence of fault zone processes and diagenesis on fluid flow[A].In:Horbury A D,Robinson A G,eds.Diagenesis and basin development[C].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,36: 135-151
33 Steen Q,Sverdrup E,Hanssen T H.Predicting the distribution of small faults in hydrocarbon reservoirs by combining outcrop,seismic and well data[A].In:Jones G,Fisher Q J,Knipe R J,eds.Faulting,fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,1998,147:27-50
34 Sylvester A G.Strike-slip faults[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1988,100:1 666-1 703
35 Connolly P,Cosgrove J.Prediction of fracture-induced permeability and fluid flow in the crust using experimental stress data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(5) :757-777
36 Woodcock N H,Fischer M.Strike-slip duplexes[J].Jour Struct Geol,1986,8:725-735
37 Sibson R H.Faulting and fluid flow[A].In:Nesbitt B E,ed.Fluids in tectonically active regimes of the continental crust[M].Mineral Assoc Canada Short Course Handbook,1990,18:93-132
38 Lewis H,Couples D D.Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland-simulation of structural controls on mineralization[A]. In:McCaffrey K,Lonergan L,Wilkinson J,eds.Fractures,fluid flow and mineralization[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,1999,155:277-302
39 Gize A P,Manning D A C.Aspects of the organic geochemistry and petrology of metalliferous ores[A].In:Engel M H,Macko S A,eds.Organic geochemistry,principles and applications[M].New York:Plenum Press,1993． 565-577
40 Sass-Gustkiewicz M.Internal sediment as a key to understanding the hydrothermal karst origin of the Upper Silesian Zn-Pb ore deposits[A].In:Sangster D F,ed.Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits[C].Soci Econ Geol Special Publ,1996,4:171-181
41 Sagan J A,Hart B S.Three-dimensional seismic-based definition of fault-related porosity development:Trenton-Black River interval,Saybrook,Ohio[J].AAPG Bulletin ,2006,90(11) :1 763-1 785
42 Russel B,Hampson D,Scheulke J,et al.Multi-attribute analysis[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16:1 439-1 443
2 Wickstrom L H,Gray J D,Stieglitz R D.Stratigraphy,stnacture,and production history of the Trenton Limestone(Ordovician)and adjacent strata in northwestern Ohio[Z].Ohio Geol Survey Invest Report,1992,143:78
3 Machel H G.Concepts and models of dolomitization:a critical reappraisal[A].In:Braithwaite C J R,Rizzi G,Darke G,eds.The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,2004,235:7-63
4 Davies G R,Smith B S Jr.Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:an overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11) :1 641-1 690
5 Mountjoy E W,Halim-Dihardja M K.Multiple phase fracture and fault-controlled burial dolomitization,Upper Devonian Wabamun Group,Alberta[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1991,61:590-612
6 Duggan J P,Mountjoy E W,Stasiuk L D.Fault controlled dolomitization at Swan Hills Simonette oil field(Devonian),deep basin west-central Alberta,Canada[J].Sedimentology ,2001,48:301-323
7 Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Large-scale fluid flow in the Middle Devonian Presqu'ile Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Geology,1992,20:903-906
8 Qing H,Mountjoy E W.Formation of coarsely crystalhne,hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs in the Presqu' ile Barrier,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78:55-77
9 Middleton K,Coniglio M,Sherlock R,et al.Dolomitization of Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs,southwestern Ontario[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,1993,41:150-163
10 Keith B D.Reservoirs resulting from facies-independent dolomitization:case histories from the Trenton and Black River carbonate rocks of the Great Lake areas[J].Carbonate and Evaporites,1986,1(1) :74-82
11 Coniglio M,Sherlock R,Williams-Jones A E,et al.Burial and hydrothermal diagenesis of Ordovician carbonates from the Michigan Basin,Ontario,Canada[A].In:Purser B,Tucker M E,Zenger D,eds.Dolomites[C].Int Assoc Sediment Special Publ,1994,21:231-254
12 Cantrell D L,Swart P K,Hagerty R M.Genesis and characterization of dolomite,Arab-D reservoir,Ghawar field,Saudi Arabia[J].GeoArabia,2004,9(2) :1-26
13 张涛,闫相宾.塔里木盆地深层碳酸盐岩储层主控因素探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(6) :745～754
14 韩革华,漆立新,李宋杰,等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6) :860～870． 878
15 吕修祥,杨宁,解启来,等.塔中地区深部流体对碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3) :284～289,296
16 Chen D Z,Qing H R,Yang C.Multistage hydrothermal dolomites in the Middle Devonian(Givetian)carbonates from Guilin area,South China[J].Sedimentology,2004,51:1 029～ 1 051
17 White D E.Thermal waters of volcanic origin[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1957,68:1 637-1 658
18 Machel H G,Lonnee J.Hydrothermal dolomite-a product of poor definition and imagination[J].Sediment Geol,2002,152:163-171
19 Braithwaite C J R,Rizz G.The geometry and petrogenesis of hydrothermal dolomites at Navan,Ireland[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:421-440
20 Nielsen P,Swennen R,Mnchez Ph,et al.Origin of Dinantian zebra dolomites south of the Braban-Wales Massif,Belgium[J].Sedimentology,1998,45:727-743
21 Boni M,Parente G,Bechstadt T,et al.Hydrothermal dolomites in SW Sardinia(Italy):evidence for a widespread late-Variscan fluids flow event[J].Sed Geol,2000,131:181-200
22 Radke B M,Mathis R L.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomite[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1980,50(4) :1 149-1 168
23 Gregg J M.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomite-discussion[J].Jour Sed Petrol,1983,53:1 025-1 033
24 Machel H G.Saddle dolomite as a by-product of chemical compaction and thermochemical sulfate reduction[J].Geology,1987,15:936-940
25 Wallace M W,Both R A,Ruano S M,et al.Zebra textures from carbonate-hosted sulphide deposits:sheet cavity networks produced by fracture and solution enhancement[J].Econ Geol,1994,89:1 183-1 191
26 Tarasewicz J P T,Woodcock H H,Dickson J A D.Carbonate dilation breccias:examples from the damage zone of the Dent fault,northwest England[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,2005,117:736-745
27 Goldstein R H,Reynolds T J.Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals[M].SEPM Short Course,1994,31:199
28 Bodnar R J.Revised equation and table for deterroination in the freezing point depression of H_2O-NaCl solutions[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1993,57:683-684
29 Spencer R J.Origin of Ca-Cl brines in Devonian formations,Western Canada sedimentary basin[J].Applied Geochem,1987,2:373-384
30 Green D G,Mountjoy E W.Fault and conduit controlled burial dolomitization of the Devonian west-central Alberta deep basin[J].Canad Petrol Geol Bull,2005,53(2) :101-129
31 Phillips W J.Hydraulic fracturing and mineralization[J].Jour Geol Soci(London),1972,128:337-359
32 Knipe R J.The influence of fault zone processes and diagenesis on fluid flow[A].In:Horbury A D,Robinson A G,eds.Diagenesis and basin development[C].AAPG Studies in Geology,1993,36: 135-151
33 Steen Q,Sverdrup E,Hanssen T H.Predicting the distribution of small faults in hydrocarbon reservoirs by combining outcrop,seismic and well data[A].In:Jones G,Fisher Q J,Knipe R J,eds.Faulting,fault sealing and fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,1998,147:27-50
34 Sylvester A G.Strike-slip faults[J].Geol Soci Amer Bull,1988,100:1 666-1 703
35 Connolly P,Cosgrove J.Prediction of fracture-induced permeability and fluid flow in the crust using experimental stress data[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(5) :757-777
36 Woodcock N H,Fischer M.Strike-slip duplexes[J].Jour Struct Geol,1986,8:725-735
37 Sibson R H.Faulting and fluid flow[A].In:Nesbitt B E,ed.Fluids in tectonically active regimes of the continental crust[M].Mineral Assoc Canada Short Course Handbook,1990,18:93-132
38 Lewis H,Couples D D.Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland-simulation of structural controls on mineralization[A]. In:McCaffrey K,Lonergan L,Wilkinson J,eds.Fractures,fluid flow and mineralization[C].Geol Soci(London)Special Publ,1999,155:277-302
39 Gize A P,Manning D A C.Aspects of the organic geochemistry and petrology of metalliferous ores[A].In:Engel M H,Macko S A,eds.Organic geochemistry,principles and applications[M].New York:Plenum Press,1993． 565-577
40 Sass-Gustkiewicz M.Internal sediment as a key to understanding the hydrothermal karst origin of the Upper Silesian Zn-Pb ore deposits[A].In:Sangster D F,ed.Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc deposits[C].Soci Econ Geol Special Publ,1996,4:171-181
41 Sagan J A,Hart B S.Three-dimensional seismic-based definition of fault-related porosity development:Trenton-Black River interval,Saybrook,Ohio[J].AAPG Bulletin ,2006,90(11) :1 763-1 785
42 Russel B,Hampson D,Scheulke J,et al.Multi-attribute analysis[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16:1 439-1 443
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