莺歌海盆地泥底辟发育演化与天然气及CO_2运聚成藏规律
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摘要
泥底辟是南海北部边缘西区莺歌海盆地颇具特色的地震地质异常体,具有低密、低速及高温高压特征,其发育演化及所伴生的热流体上侵活动与天然气及CO2运聚分布乃至富集成藏均密切相关。将莺歌海盆地泥底辟划分为"深埋型"(低幅度弱-中能量泥底辟)、"浅埋型"(高幅度中-强能量泥底辟)及"喷口型"(高幅度特强能量泥底辟)三大类进行研究。研究表明,晚期泥底辟及热流体活动不仅为浅层天然气及CO2运聚成藏提供了纵向的高速运移通道和运聚动力条件,促使深部天然气及CO2向浅层大量运移聚集,而且导致盆地具有烃源岩早熟、天然气运聚供大于散的晚期动平衡成藏,以及泥底辟热流体上侵活动控制天然气及CO2运聚规律之特点。
Because mud diapir is a geologic and seismic abnormal body with low density and velocity and high temperature and pressure in Yinggehai basin in the western margin of the South China Sea,its evolution and associated upwelling of heat flow are closely related to migration and accumulation of natural gas and CO2.Regionally,geothermal field and geothermal flow values are the highest in the diapiric structural zone in the middle of the Yinggehai basin,and become decreased towards the sides of the basin(non-diapiric areas).Yinggehai diapirs have obvious geologic-geophysical characteristics of low density,low velocity,high temperature and high pressure,and can be grouped under"deeply buried"low amplitude of weak-intermediate energy,"shallowly buried"high amplitude of intermediate-strong energy,and "vent"-typed high amplitude of extremely high energy.Natural gas migration and accumulation in the Yinggehai basin have characteristics of young hydrocarbon source rocks,dynamic equilibrium pooling in late times,and diapiric upwelling flows controlling activities of natural gas and CO2.Shallow natural gas and CO2 migrate and accumulate in blocky and stratified way,and blocks and strata influenced by diapiric upwelling flows can see CO2 sources formed locally,resulting in the complexity of CO2 sources.CO2 gas is mainly distributed in shallow diapiric areas of high geothermal field,and hydrocarbon gases are concentrated in other areas.
Because mud diapir is a geologic and seismic abnormal body with low density and velocity and high temperature and pressure in Yinggehai basin in the western margin of the South China Sea,its evolution and associated upwelling of heat flow are closely related to migration and accumulation of natural gas and CO2.Regionally,geothermal field and geothermal flow values are the highest in the diapiric structural zone in the middle of the Yinggehai basin,and become decreased towards the sides of the basin(non-diapiric areas).Yinggehai diapirs have obvious geologic-geophysical characteristics of low density,low velocity,high temperature and high pressure,and can be grouped under"deeply buried"low amplitude of weak-intermediate energy,"shallowly buried"high amplitude of intermediate-strong energy,and "vent"-typed high amplitude of extremely high energy.Natural gas migration and accumulation in the Yinggehai basin have characteristics of young hydrocarbon source rocks,dynamic equilibrium pooling in late times,and diapiric upwelling flows controlling activities of natural gas and CO2.Shallow natural gas and CO2 migrate and accumulate in blocky and stratified way,and blocks and strata influenced by diapiric upwelling flows can see CO2 sources formed locally,resulting in the complexity of CO2 sources.CO2 gas is mainly distributed in shallow diapiric areas of high geothermal field,and hydrocarbon gases are concentrated in other areas.
引文
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[2]Perez-Belzuz F,Alonso B,Ercilla G.History of mud dia-pirismandtrigger mechanismsinthe Western Alboran Sea[J].Tectonphysics,1997,282(2):399-422.
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[4]何家雄,陈刚,莺歌海盆地CO2成因及运聚特征的初步研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(6):8-15.[HE Jia-xiong,CHEN Gang.Preli minary study on origin and CO2migration in Yinggehai Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Develop-ment,1995,6(3):1-12.]
[5]何家雄,王振峰,解习农,等.莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟带热流体活动对天然气运聚成藏的控制作用[J].地球科学,2004,29(2):203-210.[HE Jia-xiong,WANG Zhen-feng XIE Xi-nong,et al.Heat flowaction andits control on natural gas migration and accumlation in mud-fluid diapir areas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Geoscience,2004,29(2):203-210.]
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[10]毛云新,何家雄,张树林,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟带昌南区热流体活动的地球物理特征及成因[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(1):108-113.[MAO Yun-xin,HE Jia-xiong,ZHANG Shu-lin,et al.Geophysical characters and origin of the thermal flu-ids in Changnan block of mud diapir zone in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(1):108-113.]
[11]何家雄,陈伟煌,李明兴,等.莺歌海盆地热流体上侵活动与天然气运聚富集关系探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(6):29-43.[HE Jia-xiong,CHEN Wei-huang,LI Ming-xing,et al.Geotemperature field and upwelling action of hot flow body andits relationship with natural gas migration and accumula-tion in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2000,11(6):29-43.]
[12]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.莺歌海盆地泥底辟热流体上侵活动与天然气及CO2运聚规律剖析[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(4):349-358.[HE Jia-xiong,XI A bin,LI U Bao-ming,et al.Geotemperature field and upwelling action of hot flow body andits relationship with natural gas and CO2migration and accumulationin Yinggehai Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Experi ment,2004,26(4):349-358.]
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[18]何家雄,昝立声,梁可明,等.莺-琼盆地泥岩压实与油气运移[J].石油勘探与开发,1991,18(增刊):34-41.[HE Jia-xiong,ZAN Li-sheng,LI ANG Ke-ming,et al.Evolution of the mud-stone compaction and hydrocarbon migration in Ying-Qiong Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1991,18(Supplement):34-41.]
[19]何家雄,李明兴,黄保家,等.莺歌海盆地北部斜坡带油气苗分布与油气勘探前景剖析[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(2):1-9.[HE Jia-xiong,LI Ming-xing,HUAGNG Bao-jia,et al.The analysis of the oil and gas exploration and the distribution of outflowof oil and gas in the northern slope of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2000,11(2):1-9.]
[20]何家雄,梁可明,黄保家,等.莺歌海盆地海相烃源岩特征及油气运移的证据[J].南海石油,1990,7(3):8-22.[HE Jia-xiong,LI ANG Ke-ming,HUANG Bao-jia,et al.Characters of marine hydrocarbon rock and evidences of oil&gas migration in Yinggehai Basin[J].Nanhai Petroleum,1990,7(3):8-22.]
[21]何家雄,杨计海,陈志宏,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气运聚成藏特征[J].天然气工业,2003,23(3):15-19.[HE Jia-xiong,YANG Ji-hai,CHEN Zhi-hong,et al.Migration-accumula-tion characteristics of deep zone gas in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(3):15-19.]
[22]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.莺歌海盆地浅层与中深层天然气成藏地质条件综合分析与评价[J].地质通报,2005,15(1):12-17.[HEJia-xiong,XI ABin,LI UBao-ming,et al.Analysis of conditions of formation of middle-and deep-level gas accu-mulations in the Yinggehai basin and their comparison with those of shallow-level gas accumulations[J].Geological Bulle-tin of China,2005,15(1):12-17.]
[23]何家雄,夏斌,刘宝明,等.莺歌海盆地中深层天然气运聚成藏特征及勘探前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):37-42.[HE Jia-xiong,XI A Bin,LI U Bao-ming,et al.Gas migration and accumulation and the exploration of the middle-deep lay-ersin Yinggehai Basin[J].Offshore South China Sea,2005,32(1):37-42.]
[24]何家雄,刘全稳,刘宝明,等.从两口深井看莺歌海盆地中深层天然气成藏特征[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(3):230-237.[HEJia-xiong,LI U Quan-wen,LI UBao-ming,et al.Analysis of the characters of forming natural gas reservirs basing on two deep drilling wells in the middle-deep beds in Yinggehai Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2004,15(3):230-237.]
[25]朱建成,何家雄,张树林,等.莺歌海盆地底辟带中深层高温高压环境天然气勘探前景[J].海洋石油,2004,24(4):21-26.[ZHUJian-cheng,HE Jia-xiong,ZHANG Shu-lin,et al.The exploration outlook of natural gas under hightemperature and high pressure in medium-deeplayer in the shale diapir belt of the Yinggehai Basin[J].Offshore Oil,2004,24(4):21-26.]
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