利用GIS技术开展滑坡制图的技术方法与流程
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摘要
为在目前地质灾害调查、评估的生产和实践中推广GIS技术的应用,结合"十一五"规划科技支撑计划课题《地质灾害风险评估技术研究》的工作和汶川地震重灾区灾后重建规划资源与环境承载力评价中利用ArcGIS实现快速应急制图的实践,在阐述滑坡风险制图的基本类型:滑坡编录图、滑坡易发程度分区图、滑坡危险性分区图、滑坡风险区划图的基础上,重点阐述利用ArcGIS软件及其空间数据建模方法,实现滑坡风险制图过程中的基础数据信息获取、处理和利用空间数据模拟工具(SDM)开展滑坡快速制图的流程与技术方法。
In order to popularize the application of the GIS technique in the present geohazard investigation and assessments, the ArcGIS is used to achieve rapid, urgent map making in the subject"Technical Research in Geohazard Risk Assessments"of the Science and Technology Support Plan of the eleventh Five-Year Plan and the assessments of the bearing capacity of resource and environment for post-hazard reconstruction program in worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake.The basic types of landslide risk maps include the landslide documentation map, landslide vulnerability zoning map, landslide danger zoning map and landslide risk zoning map.Based on a description of these map types, the focus is put on the method of modeling by using the ArcGIS software and its space data in order to achieve basic information acquisition and processing in the landslide risk map making and use the spatial data modeling tool to carry out rapid landslide map making.
In order to popularize the application of the GIS technique in the present geohazard investigation and assessments, the ArcGIS is used to achieve rapid, urgent map making in the subject"Technical Research in Geohazard Risk Assessments"of the Science and Technology Support Plan of the eleventh Five-Year Plan and the assessments of the bearing capacity of resource and environment for post-hazard reconstruction program in worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake.The basic types of landslide risk maps include the landslide documentation map, landslide vulnerability zoning map, landslide danger zoning map and landslide risk zoning map.Based on a description of these map types, the focus is put on the method of modeling by using the ArcGIS software and its space data in order to achieve basic information acquisition and processing in the landslide risk map making and use the spatial data modeling tool to carry out rapid landslide map making.
引文
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[18]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,周国云,等.基于GIS空间数据库的三维边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21:1494-1499.
[19]Guzzetti F,Reichenbach P,Cardinali M,et al.Probabilistic land-slide hazard assessment at the basin scale[J].Geomorphology,2005,72:272-299.
[20]Perotto-Baldiviezo H L,Thurow T L,Smith C T,et al.GIS-based spatial analysis and modeling for landslide hazard assessment in steeplands,southern Honduras[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Envi-ronment,2004,103:165-176.
[21]Chau K T,Sze Y L,Fung M K,et al.Landslide hazard analysis for Hong Kong using landslide inventory and GIS[J].Computers&Geo-sciences,2004,30:429-443.
[22]Chung C-J.Using likelihood ratio functions for modeling the con-ditional probability of occurrence of future landslides for risk assess-ment[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:1052-1068.
[23]Davis J C,Chung C-J,Ohlmacher G C.Two models for evaluating landslide hazards[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:1120-1127.
[24]Neaupane K M,Piantanakulchai M.Analytic network process mod-el for landslide hazard zonation[J].Engineering Geology,2006,85:281-294.
[25]曾忠平,付小林,刘雪梅,等.GIS支持下滑坡斜坡类型定量化及制图研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22:22-25.
[2]Van Westen C J,Soeters R,Sijmons K.Digital geomorphological land-slide hazard mapping of the Alpago area,Italy[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation2000,2(1):51-60.
[3]Van Westen C J.Landslide hazard and risk zonation—why is it still so difficult-[J]Bull.Eng.Geol.Env.,2005,64:5-23.
[4]Fell R H K,Lacasse S,Leroi E.A framework for landslide risk as-sessment and management[M]//The International Conference on Land-slide Risk Management2005.Vancouver,Canada:A.A.Balkema Publishers.
[5]Cascini L C B.Landslide hazard and risk zoning for urban planning and development[M]//The International Conference on Landslide Risk Management2005.Vancouver,Canada:A.A.Balkema Publishers.
[6]Mansourian A R.Using SDI and web-based system to facilitate dis-aster management[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006.32:303-315.
[7]Metternicht G,Hurni L,Gogu R.Remote sensing of landslides:An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments[J].Remote Sensing of Envi-ronment,2005,98:284-303.
[8]Sawatzky D L,Raines G L,Bonham-Carter G F,et al.ArcSDM3.2:ArcMAP extension for spatial data modelling using weights of evi-dence,logistic regression,fuzzy logic and neural network analysis.,in http://ntserv.gis.nrcan.gc.ca/sdm/.2004;2007-08-11.
[9]Wong H N.Landslide risk assessment for individual facilities[M]//Landslide Risk Management,Proceedings of the International Con-ference on Landslide Risk Management,Vancouver,Canada,2005:237-296.
[10]Dai F C,Lee C F.Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS,Lantau Island,Hong Kong[J].Geomorphology,2002,42:213-228.
[11]王治华.数字滑坡技术及其在天台乡滑坡调查中的应用[J].岩土工程学报2006,28,516-520.
[12]张继贤.3S支持下的滑坡地质灾害监测、评估与建模[J].测绘工程,2005,4:1-5.
[13]殷坤龙,陈丽霞,张桂荣.区域滑坡灾害预测预警与风险评价[J].地学前缘,2007,14:85-97.
[14]黄润秋,许强,戚国庆.降雨及水库诱发滑坡的评价与预测[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[15]吴树仁,董诚,石菊松,等.地质灾害信息系统研究——以重庆市丰都为例[J].第四纪研究,2003,23:583-691.
[16]戴福初,李军.地理信息系统在滑坡灾害研究中的应用[J].地质科技情报,2000,19:91-95.
[17]石菊松,石玲,吴树仁.滑坡风险评估的难点和进展[J].地质论评,2007,53,797-806.
[18]谢谟文,江崎哲郎,周国云,等.基于GIS空间数据库的三维边坡稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21:1494-1499.
[19]Guzzetti F,Reichenbach P,Cardinali M,et al.Probabilistic land-slide hazard assessment at the basin scale[J].Geomorphology,2005,72:272-299.
[20]Perotto-Baldiviezo H L,Thurow T L,Smith C T,et al.GIS-based spatial analysis and modeling for landslide hazard assessment in steeplands,southern Honduras[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Envi-ronment,2004,103:165-176.
[21]Chau K T,Sze Y L,Fung M K,et al.Landslide hazard analysis for Hong Kong using landslide inventory and GIS[J].Computers&Geo-sciences,2004,30:429-443.
[22]Chung C-J.Using likelihood ratio functions for modeling the con-ditional probability of occurrence of future landslides for risk assess-ment[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:1052-1068.
[23]Davis J C,Chung C-J,Ohlmacher G C.Two models for evaluating landslide hazards[J].Computers&Geosciences,2006,32:1120-1127.
[24]Neaupane K M,Piantanakulchai M.Analytic network process mod-el for landslide hazard zonation[J].Engineering Geology,2006,85:281-294.
[25]曾忠平,付小林,刘雪梅,等.GIS支持下滑坡斜坡类型定量化及制图研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22:22-25.
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