中国白垩纪矿床时空分布的分形分析
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摘要
分形概念应用在地球科学中来刻画地质变量与地质体自相似特征。研究表明分形模型常常提供有力工具来刻画地质变量和地质体的基本空间分布结构。许多地质现象的频度和大小之间的分布具有尺度不变性,如岩石碎片、断层、地震、火山喷发、矿藏和油井等。中国白垩纪的矿床大量地分布在东北、阴山—燕山、华北地台、秦岭—大别山、扬子地台和东南沿海等6个矿集区,它们是中国白垩纪矿床分布的重要地区,而西北和西南地区已知的白垩纪矿床尚少;中国白垩纪矿床分布具有在时间上集中于早白垩世,在空间上集中于东北和华南的分形特性。以中国白垩纪金矿床为例,对金矿床空间分布进行了分形建模与预测,该方法不仅适用于金矿床,而且还适用于其它矿床,具有普遍的意义。
The concepts of fractals are used in the Earth sciences to depict the self-similar characteristics of geological variables and geologic bodies. The fractal model often provides powerful tools for characterizing the basic spatial distribution structure of geological variables and bodies. Many geological phenomena are scale invariant. Examples include frequency-size distributions of rock fragments, faults, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, mineral deposits and oil fields. Cretaceous ore deposits in China are largely distributed in six important mineral deposit-concentration regions, i.e. Northeast China, Paleo-Yinshan-Yanshan, Paleo-Qinling-Dabieshan, Yangtze platform and Southeast coastal region; whereas few deposits of Cretaceous age are known in Northwest China and Southwest China. Some important deposits have been discovered in eastern China. The distribution of Cretaceous deposits in China has the following fractal characteristics: in terms of time, they were concentrated in the Early Cretaceous, and in terms of space, they are mainly located in Northeast and Southeast China. Take for example Cretaceous gold deposits of China, the authors constructed a fractal model of the spatial distribution of gold deposits and predicted the number of gold deposits. The method is applicable not only to gold deposits but also to other ore deposits; so it has universal significance.
The concepts of fractals are used in the Earth sciences to depict the self-similar characteristics of geological variables and geologic bodies. The fractal model often provides powerful tools for characterizing the basic spatial distribution structure of geological variables and bodies. Many geological phenomena are scale invariant. Examples include frequency-size distributions of rock fragments, faults, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, mineral deposits and oil fields. Cretaceous ore deposits in China are largely distributed in six important mineral deposit-concentration regions, i.e. Northeast China, Paleo-Yinshan-Yanshan, Paleo-Qinling-Dabieshan, Yangtze platform and Southeast coastal region; whereas few deposits of Cretaceous age are known in Northwest China and Southwest China. Some important deposits have been discovered in eastern China. The distribution of Cretaceous deposits in China has the following fractal characteristics: in terms of time, they were concentrated in the Early Cretaceous, and in terms of space, they are mainly located in Northeast and Southeast China. Take for example Cretaceous gold deposits of China, the authors constructed a fractal model of the spatial distribution of gold deposits and predicted the number of gold deposits. The method is applicable not only to gold deposits but also to other ore deposits; so it has universal significance.
引文
①北京矿产地质研究所,金属矿产总储量研究报告,1987
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[32]陈迪云.毛洋头火山岩铀、银、钼矿床的控矿因素及成因[J].矿床地质,1997,16(2):139~150.
[33]章邦桐,饶冰,陈培荣,等.论长英质隐爆角砾岩的气热流体溶浸成矿机制———以赣南6722铀矿床为例[J].矿床地质,2001,20(2):129~136.
[34]廖文,喻国东,余子箴,等.四川大铜厂表生硫化物铜矿床成因探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(1):45~51.
[1]Mandelbrot BB.Fractals:forms,chance and dimension[M].San Francisco:WHFreeman,1977.
[2]Mandelbrot,BB.Multifractal measures,especiallyforthe geophysicists.Pure and Applied Geophysics[J].1989,131(1):5~42.
[3]Turcotte DL.Fractals and chaos in geology and geophysics(2nded)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge Univ.Press,1997.
[4]秦长兴,翟裕生.矿床学中若干自相似性现象及其意义[J].矿床地质,1992,11(3):259~265.
[5]Cheng QA.Spatial analysis methodfor geochemical anomaly separation[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration[J].1996,56(1):183~195.
[6]Cheng QA.Multifractality and spatial statistics[J].Computers&Geosciences,1999,25(9):949~961.
[7]申维.分形混沌与矿产预测[M],北京:地质出版社,2002.
[8]Shen W,Zhao P D.The theoretical study of statistical fractal model and its application in mineral resource prediction[J].Computers&Geosciences,2002,28(3):369~376.
[9]王一先,赵振华.巴尔哲超大型稀土铌铍锆矿床地球化学和成因[J].地球化学,1997,26(1):24~35.
[10]张长江.河北蔡家营铅锌(金银)矿床地质特征[J].矿床地质,1990,9(4):301~308.
[11]黄典豪,丁孝石,吴澄宇,等.蔡家营铅锌—银矿床[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.
[12]周乃武.金厂沟梁金(铜)矿田成矿时代的理顺[J].黄金学报,2000,2(3):180~185.
[13]胡达骧,罗桂玲.河北张—宣金矿区含金石英脉40Ar/39Ar年龄[J].地质科学,1994,29(2):151~158.
[14]罗镇宽,苗来成,关康,等.辽宁阜新排山楼金矿区岩浆岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其意义[J].地球化学,2001,30(5):483~490.
[15]王时麒,孙承志,崔文元.内蒙古赤峰地区金矿地质[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1994.
[16]李永刚,翟明国,杨进辉,等.内蒙古赤峰安家营子金矿成矿时代以及对华北中生代爆发成矿的意义[J].中国科学(D),2003,33(10):960~966.
[17]王登红,陈毓川,徐志刚.中国白垩纪大陆成矿体系的初步研究及找矿前景浅析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(2):231~239.
[18]韩淑琴,邓军,杨立强,等.三维构造应力场分析在胶东招远—平度断裂带中段深部金矿探查中的应用[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(3):338~344.
[19]杨进辉,周新华.胶东地区玲珑金矿矿石和载金矿物Rb-Sr等时线年龄与成矿时代[J].科学通报,2000,45(14):1547~1553.
[20]关康,罗镇宽,苗来成,等.胶东招掖郭家岭花岗岩锆石年代学及其Pb同位素特征[J].地球学报,1997,18(增刊):142~144.
[21]翟建平,徐光平,胡凯.栖霞金矿矿物、流体和同位素特征及意义[J].矿床地质,1998,17(4):307~313.
[22]张连昌,沈远超,刘铁兵,等.胶东蓬家夼金矿控矿构造地质地球化学特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(4):377~384.
[23]张竹如,唐波,聂爱国,等.山东省牟平宋家沟金矿床地质特征[J].黄金,2001,22(7):1~5.
[24]徐贵忠,应汉龙,周瑞,等.论胶西北河西金矿床成因及其动力学条件[J].矿床地质,2002,21(3):246~255.
[25]李毅,胡海珠.河南木厂河区银、金、铜矿床的构造控矿特征[J].地质力学学报,2006,12(3):345~353.
[26]李强之,陈衍景,钟增球,等.小秦岭东闯金矿成矿作用的40Ar/39Ar年代学研究[J].地质论评,2002(增刊):122~126.
[27]吴宏伟.皇城山银矿床地球化学特征及预测评价[J].地质与勘探,2004,40(3):26~30.
[28]王彦斌,刘敦一,曾普胜,等.安徽铜陵地区幔源岩浆底侵作用的时代———朝山辉石闪长岩锆石SHRIMP定年[J].地球学报,2004,25(4):423~427.
[29]李升先.对遂昌治岭头金矿的几点看法[J].浙江地质,1998,14(2):423~427.
[30]刘连登,陈国华,刘允良.福建省双旗山浅成脉型金矿地质及其意义[J].福建地质,1999,18(1):51~58.
[31]黄仁生.福建紫金山矿田火成岩系列与浅成低温热液—斑岩铜金银成矿系统[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(1).
[32]陈迪云.毛洋头火山岩铀、银、钼矿床的控矿因素及成因[J].矿床地质,1997,16(2):139~150.
[33]章邦桐,饶冰,陈培荣,等.论长英质隐爆角砾岩的气热流体溶浸成矿机制———以赣南6722铀矿床为例[J].矿床地质,2001,20(2):129~136.
[34]廖文,喻国东,余子箴,等.四川大铜厂表生硫化物铜矿床成因探讨[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2004,23(1):45~51.
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