成岩相的形成、分类与定量评价方法
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摘要
根据成岩作用和成岩相对储集层发育的控制作用及与储集层分布的关系,探讨成岩相的形成机理、划分方案与评价方法及其在油气勘探中的应用和意义。针对碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和火山岩等扩容性成岩相,提出了有机酸性水溶解作用、白云石化等8种主要成岩作用机理。划分出9类扩容性成岩相和7类致密化成岩相,提出了反映岩性、成岩作用和孔渗性3个层次内容的"孔渗级别+岩石类型+成岩作用类型"的成岩相命名方案。在成岩相勘探评价中,强调根据沉积相、测井相、地震相和岩心薄片等综合定量预测,提出了"四个步骤"、"三图叠合"的评价方法和成图方式,根据不同成岩相类型的分布预测有利储集体、"甜点"、成岩圈闭及油气成藏。指出了成岩相的发展方向及成岩学的设想和思考。图16表6参31
Based on the controlling of diagenesis and diagenetic facies on reservoir development,this paper discusses the formation,classification and evaluation of diagenetic facies and its application and significance in petroleum exploration.For constructive diagenetic facies such as clastic rock,carbonate rock,and igneous rock,eight kinds of genetic mechanisms are developed,including dissolution of organic acid,dolomitization and so on.Nine constructive diagenetic facies and seven destructive diagenetic facies are classified.A naming scheme for diagenetic facies is proposed reflecting lithology,diagenesis,porosity and permeability,that is,"porosity and permeability level + rock type + diagenesis type".Diagenetic facies are evaluated synthetically and quantitatively on the basis of sedimentary facies,log facies,seismic facies,rock cores,and thin sections.And "four steps" and "superposition of three charts" are put forward as the methods of evaluation and mapping.Favored reservoirs,"sweet spots" and lithostratigraphic traps could be predicted according to the distribution of different types of diagenetic facies.The development of the study on diagenetic facies is also discussed in the paper.
Based on the controlling of diagenesis and diagenetic facies on reservoir development,this paper discusses the formation,classification and evaluation of diagenetic facies and its application and significance in petroleum exploration.For constructive diagenetic facies such as clastic rock,carbonate rock,and igneous rock,eight kinds of genetic mechanisms are developed,including dissolution of organic acid,dolomitization and so on.Nine constructive diagenetic facies and seven destructive diagenetic facies are classified.A naming scheme for diagenetic facies is proposed reflecting lithology,diagenesis,porosity and permeability,that is,"porosity and permeability level + rock type + diagenesis type".Diagenetic facies are evaluated synthetically and quantitatively on the basis of sedimentary facies,log facies,seismic facies,rock cores,and thin sections.And "four steps" and "superposition of three charts" are put forward as the methods of evaluation and mapping.Favored reservoirs,"sweet spots" and lithostratigraphic traps could be predicted according to the distribution of different types of diagenetic facies.The development of the study on diagenetic facies is also discussed in the paper.
引文
[1]邹才能,陶士振,薛叔浩.“相控论”的内涵及其勘探意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(6):7-12.
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[3]罗平,贾爱林,王雪松,等.中国油气储集层地质研究现状与发展前瞻[A].罗平,贾爱林.中国石油天然气集团公司油气储集层重点实验室论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.1-31.
[4]李汶国,张晓鹏,钟玉梅.长石砂岩次生溶孔的形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):220-223.
[5]郑和荣.塔里木盆地白云岩储集层勘探前景[A].第二届中国石油地质年会论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[6]马永生,郭彤楼,赵雪凤,等.普光气田深部优质白云岩储集层形成机制[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):43-52.
[7]王一刚,窦立荣,文应初,等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):517-524.
[8]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储集层成岩作用研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):831-839.
[9]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储集层的溶蚀改造———四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储集层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2183-2194.
[10]Warren J.Dolomite:Occurrence,evolution and economicallyimportant associations[A].Maher B A,Thompson R.Earth-science reviews[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000.1-81.
[11]戴亚权,罗静兰,林潼.松辽盆地北部升平气田营城组火山岩储集层特征与成岩演化[J].中国地质,2007,34(3):528-535.
[12]牛嘉玉,张映红,袁选俊,等.中国东部中、新生代火成岩石油地质研究、油藏勘探前景及面临问题[J].特种油气藏,2003,10(1):7-12.
[13]Aleta A.Mineralogical descriptions of the bentonite in Balamban,Cebu Province,Philippines[J].Clay Science,2000,11(3):299-316.
[14]Liu Jian,Han Chunrui,Wu Jianzheng,et al.The geochemicalevidence for the meteoric diagenesis in Pleistocene reef limestonesof Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,1998,16(4):71-77.
[15]Peters D.Recognition of two distinctive diagenesis facies trendsas aid to hydrocarbon exploration in deeply buried Jurassic-Smackover carbonates of southern Alabama and southernMississippi[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(2):295-296.
[16]Grigsby J D,Langsford R P.Effects of diagenesis on enhanced-resolution bulk density logs in Tertiary Gulf Coast sandstones:An example from the Lower Vicksburg Formation,McAllenRanch field,south Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(11):1801-1819.
[17]Jennings R H,Mazzullo J M.Shallow burial diagenesis of chalksand related sediments at site 550 on the Goban Spur[A].Graciansky P C,Poag C W.Initial reports of the deep sea drillingproject 80[C].Washington:US Government Printing Office,1985.853-861.
[18]Elfigih O B.Regional diagenesis and its relation to facies changein the upper Silurian,lower Acacus formation,Hamada(Ghadames)Basin,northwestern Libya[J].PHD Thesis,1999,62(10):4426-4427.
[19]Abercrombie H J,Hutcheon I E,Bloch J D,et al.Silica activityand the smectite-illite reaction[J].Geology,1994,22(6):539-542.
[20]Lee M K.Groundwater flow,late cementation,and petroleumaccumulation in the Permian Lyons sandstone,Denver Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(2):217-237.
[21]Taban O.Stratigraphy,lithology,depositional and diageneticenvironments of the middle Ordovician Antelope valley limestoneat Antelope range and Martin ridge sections in central Nevada[J].Masters Abstr Int,1986,25(3):277.
[22]Turner J R.Recognition of low resistivity,high permeabilityreservoir beds in the Travis Peak and Cotton Valley of East Texas[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1997,4:585-593.
[23]Mathisen M E.Controls of quartzarenite diagenesis,SimpsonGroup,Oklahoma:Implications for reservoir quality prediction[A].Johnson K S.Simpson and Viola Groups in the SouthernMidcontinent[C].Oklahoma:Geological Survey Circular,1997.
[24]Wang L Q.A systematic reservoir study of the Lower Cretaceousin Anan Oilfield,Erlian Basin,North China[Z].Tulsa:AAPG,1998.
[25]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[26]赵澄林,刘梦慧.碎屑岩储集层砂体微相和成岩作用研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(增刊):1-7.
[27]钟广法,邬宁芬.成岩岩相分析及其在泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩储层中的初步应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(1):37-40.
[28]熊琦华,彭仕宓,黄述旺,等.岩石物理相研究方法初探———以辽河凹陷冷东—雷家地区为例[J].石油学报,1994,15(增刊):68-75.
[29]郑俊茂,庞明.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989.
[30]陶士振,刘德良,魏大卫,等.叶城凹陷白垩纪至晚第三纪成岩作用与古地温研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):26-30.
[31]陶士振,刘德良,杨晓勇,等.新疆阿尔塔什地区上白垩统至上第三系成岩作用研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1998,22(2):128-137.
[2]Sun S Q,Esteban M.Paleoclimatic controls on sedimentation,diagenesis,and reservoir quality:Lessons from Miocenecarbonates[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78:519-543.
[3]罗平,贾爱林,王雪松,等.中国油气储集层地质研究现状与发展前瞻[A].罗平,贾爱林.中国石油天然气集团公司油气储集层重点实验室论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.1-31.
[4]李汶国,张晓鹏,钟玉梅.长石砂岩次生溶孔的形成机理[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(2):220-223.
[5]郑和荣.塔里木盆地白云岩储集层勘探前景[A].第二届中国石油地质年会论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006.
[6]马永生,郭彤楼,赵雪凤,等.普光气田深部优质白云岩储集层形成机制[J].中国科学(D辑),2007,37(增刊Ⅱ):43-52.
[7]王一刚,窦立荣,文应初,等.四川盆地东北部三叠系飞仙关组高含硫气藏H2S成因研究[J].地球化学,2002,31(6):517-524.
[8]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地三叠系飞仙关组气藏储集层成岩作用研究[J].沉积学报,2007,25(6):831-839.
[9]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储集层的溶蚀改造———四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储集层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2183-2194.
[10]Warren J.Dolomite:Occurrence,evolution and economicallyimportant associations[A].Maher B A,Thompson R.Earth-science reviews[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000.1-81.
[11]戴亚权,罗静兰,林潼.松辽盆地北部升平气田营城组火山岩储集层特征与成岩演化[J].中国地质,2007,34(3):528-535.
[12]牛嘉玉,张映红,袁选俊,等.中国东部中、新生代火成岩石油地质研究、油藏勘探前景及面临问题[J].特种油气藏,2003,10(1):7-12.
[13]Aleta A.Mineralogical descriptions of the bentonite in Balamban,Cebu Province,Philippines[J].Clay Science,2000,11(3):299-316.
[14]Liu Jian,Han Chunrui,Wu Jianzheng,et al.The geochemicalevidence for the meteoric diagenesis in Pleistocene reef limestonesof Xisha Islands,South China Sea[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,1998,16(4):71-77.
[15]Peters D.Recognition of two distinctive diagenesis facies trendsas aid to hydrocarbon exploration in deeply buried Jurassic-Smackover carbonates of southern Alabama and southernMississippi[J].AAPG Bulletin,1985,69(2):295-296.
[16]Grigsby J D,Langsford R P.Effects of diagenesis on enhanced-resolution bulk density logs in Tertiary Gulf Coast sandstones:An example from the Lower Vicksburg Formation,McAllenRanch field,south Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1996,80(11):1801-1819.
[17]Jennings R H,Mazzullo J M.Shallow burial diagenesis of chalksand related sediments at site 550 on the Goban Spur[A].Graciansky P C,Poag C W.Initial reports of the deep sea drillingproject 80[C].Washington:US Government Printing Office,1985.853-861.
[18]Elfigih O B.Regional diagenesis and its relation to facies changein the upper Silurian,lower Acacus formation,Hamada(Ghadames)Basin,northwestern Libya[J].PHD Thesis,1999,62(10):4426-4427.
[19]Abercrombie H J,Hutcheon I E,Bloch J D,et al.Silica activityand the smectite-illite reaction[J].Geology,1994,22(6):539-542.
[20]Lee M K.Groundwater flow,late cementation,and petroleumaccumulation in the Permian Lyons sandstone,Denver Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1994,78(2):217-237.
[21]Taban O.Stratigraphy,lithology,depositional and diageneticenvironments of the middle Ordovician Antelope valley limestoneat Antelope range and Martin ridge sections in central Nevada[J].Masters Abstr Int,1986,25(3):277.
[22]Turner J R.Recognition of low resistivity,high permeabilityreservoir beds in the Travis Peak and Cotton Valley of East Texas[J].Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1997,4:585-593.
[23]Mathisen M E.Controls of quartzarenite diagenesis,SimpsonGroup,Oklahoma:Implications for reservoir quality prediction[A].Johnson K S.Simpson and Viola Groups in the SouthernMidcontinent[C].Oklahoma:Geological Survey Circular,1997.
[24]Wang L Q.A systematic reservoir study of the Lower Cretaceousin Anan Oilfield,Erlian Basin,North China[Z].Tulsa:AAPG,1998.
[25]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[26]赵澄林,刘梦慧.碎屑岩储集层砂体微相和成岩作用研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1993,17(增刊):1-7.
[27]钟广法,邬宁芬.成岩岩相分析及其在泌阳凹陷核三下亚段砂岩储层中的初步应用[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(1):37-40.
[28]熊琦华,彭仕宓,黄述旺,等.岩石物理相研究方法初探———以辽河凹陷冷东—雷家地区为例[J].石油学报,1994,15(增刊):68-75.
[29]郑俊茂,庞明.碎屑储集岩的成岩作用研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1989.
[30]陶士振,刘德良,魏大卫,等.叶城凹陷白垩纪至晚第三纪成岩作用与古地温研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):26-30.
[31]陶士振,刘德良,杨晓勇,等.新疆阿尔塔什地区上白垩统至上第三系成岩作用研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1998,22(2):128-137.
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