几种反射波时距方程的比较
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摘要
在地震资料处理中,速度分析和成像技术极为重要.常规地震资料处理方法是利用双曲线方程来描述反射波时距曲线规律,此方程随着地层非均质性、各向异性和排列长度的增加,其误差变大.目前发展的反射波非双曲时距方程,主要有基于层状各向同性模型的非双曲时距方程、基于均匀弱各向异性模型的时距方程、基于速度随炮检距变化模型的时距方程、基于线性连续速度模型的时距方程.本文针对三个典型的模型:层状均匀各向同性模型、层状弱各向异性模型和层状非均匀模型,对这几种时距方程进行了精度比较与分析,得出了一些有益的结论.最后,从不同角度说明了应用这几种方程的合理性.
Velocity analysis and imaging are very important in seismic data processing.Conventional seismic data processing method uses hyperbolic equation to describe time-distance formula of reflection wave,error of this equation increases with the increase of heterogeneity,anisotropy and spread length.Currently developed nonhyperbolic time-distance equations are mainly based on horizontally layered isotropic model,weakly anisotropic model,velocity varying with offset model,linear continuous velocity model respectively.Accuracies of these time-distance equations are compared on the following three models: horizontally layered isotropic model,weakly anisotropic model and horizontally layered heterogeneous model,some useful conclusions are drawn.Finally,rationality of adopting these equations is illuminated from various aspects.
Velocity analysis and imaging are very important in seismic data processing.Conventional seismic data processing method uses hyperbolic equation to describe time-distance formula of reflection wave,error of this equation increases with the increase of heterogeneity,anisotropy and spread length.Currently developed nonhyperbolic time-distance equations are mainly based on horizontally layered isotropic model,weakly anisotropic model,velocity varying with offset model,linear continuous velocity model respectively.Accuracies of these time-distance equations are compared on the following three models: horizontally layered isotropic model,weakly anisotropic model and horizontally layered heterogeneous model,some useful conclusions are drawn.Finally,rationality of adopting these equations is illuminated from various aspects.
引文
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[3]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):281~293.
[4]高原.地震各向异性研究进展—参加2001年IAGA IASPEI会议总结[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):360~364.
[5]张超英,李守林,何晓冬,等.几种弱各向异性介质中qSV波速度和偏振异常[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):14~24.
[6]黄晓葛,白武明.地震波各向异性的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,1999,14(3):54~65.
[7]滕吉文,张中杰,王爱武,等.弹性介质各向异性研究沿革、现状与问题[J].地球物理学进展.1992,7(4):14~28.
[8]徐常练,许云.速度随炮检距变化(VVO)分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):733~740.
[9]Wei X C,Dong M Y.Statics estimation of continuous velocitymodel in loess plateau[A].SEG/SPG Urumqi'96 internationalgeophysical conference(Abstracts)[C].1996,86~90.
[10]Taner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spetradigital computer deri-vation and applications of velocity function[J].Geophysics.1969,34(6):859~881.
[11]Hake H,Helbig K,Mesdag C S.Three-term Taylor seriesfort2-x2curves over layered transversely isotropic ground[J].Geophysical prospecting.1984,32:828~850.
[12]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics.1986,51:1954~1966.
[13]Tsvankin l,Thomsen L.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout inanisotropic media[J].Geophysics.1994,59(8):1290~1304.
[14]Tsvankin l.Normal moveout from dipping reflectors in aniso-tropic media[J].Geophysics.1995,60(1):268~284.
[15]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin l.Velocity analysis for transverselyisotropic media[J].Geophysics.1995,60(5):1550~1566.
[16]刘洋.反射波分式展开式时距方程及其精度分析[J].石油物探.2003,42(4):441~447.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上册)[M],石油大学出版社,1993,48~57.
[2]王光杰,张中杰,滕吉文.TI介质双参数速度分析[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):113~118.
[3]张中杰.地震各向异性研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):281~293.
[4]高原.地震各向异性研究进展—参加2001年IAGA IASPEI会议总结[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):360~364.
[5]张超英,李守林,何晓冬,等.几种弱各向异性介质中qSV波速度和偏振异常[J].地球物理学进展,2000,15(3):14~24.
[6]黄晓葛,白武明.地震波各向异性的研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,1999,14(3):54~65.
[7]滕吉文,张中杰,王爱武,等.弹性介质各向异性研究沿革、现状与问题[J].地球物理学进展.1992,7(4):14~28.
[8]徐常练,许云.速度随炮检距变化(VVO)分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):733~740.
[9]Wei X C,Dong M Y.Statics estimation of continuous velocitymodel in loess plateau[A].SEG/SPG Urumqi'96 internationalgeophysical conference(Abstracts)[C].1996,86~90.
[10]Taner M T,Koehler F.Velocity spetradigital computer deri-vation and applications of velocity function[J].Geophysics.1969,34(6):859~881.
[11]Hake H,Helbig K,Mesdag C S.Three-term Taylor seriesfort2-x2curves over layered transversely isotropic ground[J].Geophysical prospecting.1984,32:828~850.
[12]Thomsen L.Weak elastic anisotropy[J].Geophysics.1986,51:1954~1966.
[13]Tsvankin l,Thomsen L.Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout inanisotropic media[J].Geophysics.1994,59(8):1290~1304.
[14]Tsvankin l.Normal moveout from dipping reflectors in aniso-tropic media[J].Geophysics.1995,60(1):268~284.
[15]Alkhalifah T,Tsvankin l.Velocity analysis for transverselyisotropic media[J].Geophysics.1995,60(5):1550~1566.
[16]刘洋.反射波分式展开式时距方程及其精度分析[J].石油物探.2003,42(4):441~447.
[17]陆基孟.地震勘探原理(上册)[M],石油大学出版社,1993,48~57.
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