渭河断裂西段活动差异性分析
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摘要
渭河断裂是一条纵贯渭河盆地中部的大断裂,对渭河盆地的形成和发展乃至盆地内的地震活动都具有控制作用。本文将宝鸡峡口以东,西安市草滩镇以西的渭河断裂西段作为研究区。从渭河断裂北侧黄土台塬地貌存在的分级现象、自西向东渭河断裂新近系错距大小非均匀变化、渭河断裂西段断坎地貌差异等方面的分析,讨论了渭河断裂西段存在的活动差异性,认为以千河断裂、岐山—马召断裂和泾河推测断裂为分界点,渭河断裂西段可分为三个亚段,各个亚段在断裂活动时间、活动强度等方面均有明显的差异。通过对渭河断裂西段所处新构造环境的分析,认为第四纪以来渭河盆地西部地壳的向东掀斜抬升运动是造成渭河断裂西段出现差异性活动的根本原因。
The Weihe fault is a large fault which traverses the central section of the Weihe basin. It controls the formation and growth of the Weihe basin, as well as the seismic activity in the basin. Taking the west section of the Weihe fault stretching from the Baoji Gorge to Caotan Village of Xi'an city as a study area, this paper analyzes and discusses the activity difference of the west section of the Weihe fault based on the grading phenomenon of the loess platform geomorphology on the north side of the Weihe fault, uneven changes of fault displacement of the Tertiary system from west to east, and geographic difference of the steep faulting slope along the west section of the Weihe fault. It is considered that the west section of the Weihe fault can be divided into three sub-sections : the eastern, middle and western ones, and they are different distinctly in fault active period and active strength. Through the analysis of the Neotectonic environment of the west section of the Weihe fault, this paper also considers that the crust tilting movement characterized by eastward upwarping in the west part of the Weihe basin since Quaternary is the main cause of the activity difference of the west section of the Weihe fault.
The Weihe fault is a large fault which traverses the central section of the Weihe basin. It controls the formation and growth of the Weihe basin, as well as the seismic activity in the basin. Taking the west section of the Weihe fault stretching from the Baoji Gorge to Caotan Village of Xi'an city as a study area, this paper analyzes and discusses the activity difference of the west section of the Weihe fault based on the grading phenomenon of the loess platform geomorphology on the north side of the Weihe fault, uneven changes of fault displacement of the Tertiary system from west to east, and geographic difference of the steep faulting slope along the west section of the Weihe fault. It is considered that the west section of the Weihe fault can be divided into three sub-sections : the eastern, middle and western ones, and they are different distinctly in fault active period and active strength. Through the analysis of the Neotectonic environment of the west section of the Weihe fault, this paper also considers that the crust tilting movement characterized by eastward upwarping in the west part of the Weihe basin since Quaternary is the main cause of the activity difference of the west section of the Weihe fault.
引文
① 国家地质总局第三普查勘探大队.1977． 汾渭盆地石油普查阶段地质成果报告
② 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1977． 乾礼兴咸黄土塬区农田供水水文地质勘察报告.4～17．
③ 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1978． 凤翔、歧山、扶风地区农田供水报告.5～17．
④ 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1977． 宝鸡地区黄土台塬区农田供水水文地质勘察报告.4～16．
程绍平,邓起东,等.1998． 黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造活动.第四纪研究,(3) :238～246．
冯希杰.2000． 渭河断裂古水断层剖面.地震地质,22(2) :附页.
冯希杰,王平.2001． 立交构造与渭河盆地地震活动.西北地震学报,23(2) :160～163．
国家地震局《鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系》课题组.1988． 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社.
韩恒悦,贺明静,李永善.1987． 渭河盆地东部地区的活断层.地震地质,9(2) :85～90．
雷祥义,张猛刚.2001． 渭河中游水系的阶地形成年代.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社.
李永善等.1992． 西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究.北京:地震出版社.
彭建兵,张骏等.1992． 渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害.西安:西北大学出版社.
陕西省地质矿产局.1989． 陕西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
陕西省地震局.1996． 秦岭北缘活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社.
宋立胜等.1989． 陕西省志-地震志.北京:地震出版社.
孙建中,赵景波等.1991． 黄土高原第四纪.北京:科学出版社.
岳乐平,薛祥煦.1996． 中国黄土古地磁学.北京:地质出版社.
袁道阳,石玉成,刘百篪.1999． 青藏高原东北缘地区晚第四纪水系沉积物时代标尺的初步研究.地震地质,21(1) :1～7．
中国科学院地理研究所渭河研究组.1983． 渭河下游河流地貌.北京:科学出版社.
Bureau of geology and mineral resources of Shaanxi Province. 1989． Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chinese Working Group of the Project 206． 1989． Atlas of Active Faults in China. Beijing: Selsmological press, Xi'an: Xi'an Cartographic Publishing House, 23～52．
Cheng Shaoping, Deng Qidong, et al. 1998． Yellow river and quaternary tectonic movements of the Ordos plateau. Quaternary sciences, (3) : 238～246 (in Chinese with Eng1ish abstract).
Feng Xijie. 2000． Gushui fault profile of Weihe fault. Seismology and Geology. 22 (2) . (in Chinese).
Feng Xijie, Wang Ping. 2001． Three dimensional cross structure and seismicity of Weihe basin. Northwestern Seismological Journal.23(2) : 160～163 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Han Hengyue et al. 1987． The active faults in the eastern of the Weihe basin. Seismology and Geology. 9 (2) : 85～90 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei Xiangyi, Zhang Menggang. 2001． The Forming Age of Hydrogenic System of Weihe Middle Branch. Neotectonics and Environment. Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Li Yongshan et al. 1992． Research on Ground Fissures in Xi'an Region and Active Faults in Weihe Basin. Beijing: Seismological Press (in Chinese).
Peng Jianbing, Zhang Jun et al. 1992． Aetive Faults and Geological Hazards in Weihe Basin. Xi'an: Northwest University Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Seimolojical Bureau of Shaanxi Province. 1989． Earthquakes of Shaanxi Province. Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingpo. et al. 1991． Quaternary of Loess Plateau in China. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Seimolojical Bureau of Shaanxi Province. 1996． Active Faults around North Qinling Mountain Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Yuan Daoyang, Shi Yucheng et al. 1999． Study on the time scale of late Quaternary hydrogenic sediments along the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Seismology and Geology. 21 (1) : 1～7 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yue Leping, Xue Xiangxu. 1996． Palaeomagnetism of Chinese Loess.Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese with English abstract).
② 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1977． 乾礼兴咸黄土塬区农田供水水文地质勘察报告.4～17．
③ 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1978． 凤翔、歧山、扶风地区农田供水报告.5～17．
④ 陕西省地质局第一水文地质队.1977． 宝鸡地区黄土台塬区农田供水水文地质勘察报告.4～16．
程绍平,邓起东,等.1998． 黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造活动.第四纪研究,(3) :238～246．
冯希杰.2000． 渭河断裂古水断层剖面.地震地质,22(2) :附页.
冯希杰,王平.2001． 立交构造与渭河盆地地震活动.西北地震学报,23(2) :160～163．
国家地震局《鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系》课题组.1988． 鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社.
韩恒悦,贺明静,李永善.1987． 渭河盆地东部地区的活断层.地震地质,9(2) :85～90．
雷祥义,张猛刚.2001． 渭河中游水系的阶地形成年代.新构造与环境.北京:地震出版社.
李永善等.1992． 西安地裂及渭河盆地活断层研究.北京:地震出版社.
彭建兵,张骏等.1992． 渭河盆地活动断裂与地质灾害.西安:西北大学出版社.
陕西省地质矿产局.1989． 陕西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
陕西省地震局.1996． 秦岭北缘活动断裂带.北京:地震出版社.
宋立胜等.1989． 陕西省志-地震志.北京:地震出版社.
孙建中,赵景波等.1991． 黄土高原第四纪.北京:科学出版社.
岳乐平,薛祥煦.1996． 中国黄土古地磁学.北京:地质出版社.
袁道阳,石玉成,刘百篪.1999． 青藏高原东北缘地区晚第四纪水系沉积物时代标尺的初步研究.地震地质,21(1) :1～7．
中国科学院地理研究所渭河研究组.1983． 渭河下游河流地貌.北京:科学出版社.
Bureau of geology and mineral resources of Shaanxi Province. 1989． Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province. Beijing: Geological Publishing House(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chinese Working Group of the Project 206． 1989． Atlas of Active Faults in China. Beijing: Selsmological press, Xi'an: Xi'an Cartographic Publishing House, 23～52．
Cheng Shaoping, Deng Qidong, et al. 1998． Yellow river and quaternary tectonic movements of the Ordos plateau. Quaternary sciences, (3) : 238～246 (in Chinese with Eng1ish abstract).
Feng Xijie. 2000． Gushui fault profile of Weihe fault. Seismology and Geology. 22 (2) . (in Chinese).
Feng Xijie, Wang Ping. 2001． Three dimensional cross structure and seismicity of Weihe basin. Northwestern Seismological Journal.23(2) : 160～163 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Han Hengyue et al. 1987． The active faults in the eastern of the Weihe basin. Seismology and Geology. 9 (2) : 85～90 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lei Xiangyi, Zhang Menggang. 2001． The Forming Age of Hydrogenic System of Weihe Middle Branch. Neotectonics and Environment. Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Li Yongshan et al. 1992． Research on Ground Fissures in Xi'an Region and Active Faults in Weihe Basin. Beijing: Seismological Press (in Chinese).
Peng Jianbing, Zhang Jun et al. 1992． Aetive Faults and Geological Hazards in Weihe Basin. Xi'an: Northwest University Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Seimolojical Bureau of Shaanxi Province. 1989． Earthquakes of Shaanxi Province. Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Sun Jianzhong, Zhao Jingpo. et al. 1991． Quaternary of Loess Plateau in China. Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese with English abstract).
Seimolojical Bureau of Shaanxi Province. 1996． Active Faults around North Qinling Mountain Beijing: Seismological Press(in Chinese).
Yuan Daoyang, Shi Yucheng et al. 1999． Study on the time scale of late Quaternary hydrogenic sediments along the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Seismology and Geology. 21 (1) : 1～7 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Yue Leping, Xue Xiangxu. 1996． Palaeomagnetism of Chinese Loess.Beijing: Geological Publishing House (in Chinese with English abstract).
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