断裂带内部结构与油气运移及封闭
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摘要
通过野外观察认为断裂带内部结构具有分带性,主要包括破碎带和诱导裂缝带2部分,破碎带以发育有黏结力断层岩和无黏结力断层岩为特征.通过断裂静止期各带物性特征和断裂形成演化过程研究认为,油气沿断裂运移存在3种类型的通道,油气沿断裂运移的通道是变化的,沿每种类型通道运移的机制、动力、持续的时间、运移速度和效率都是不同的,基本划分为3个阶段断裂活动时期油气在“地震泵”抽吸的作用下,以管道流形式沿优势裂隙快速运移,是断裂输导油气效率最高的阶段;断裂停止活动后到诱导裂缝充填前,油气沿诱导裂缝以浮力流或管道流形式运移,是断裂输导油气效率较高的阶段;诱导裂缝充填后,油气沿无黏结力断层岩带以渗流形式缓慢运移的阶段,是断裂输导油气效率较低的阶段.油气沿这3种通道运移并非同时并存,而是连续发生的过程.因此,从运移角度看,只有活动期形成的通道和静止期都封闭,断裂才是封闭的.
The field-geology survey shows that the fault interior structure includes mainly two parts: breakage zone and induced fracture zone. Breakage zone is of the cohesive and uncohesive fault rock. Through studying its physical properties and process of formation and evolution, we may arrive at a conclusion that there are three types of migration pathways in fault zone: the preponderant fracture formed in motion , induced fracture network and pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone. According to this migration through fault is divided into three phases: The first phase is the fastest and most efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the preponderant fracture in piping fluid under the drive of “seismic plumping” when fault is motive; The second phase is the faster and more efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the induced fracture network, because fractures are liable to be crammed, the period from fault motionless to fracture seal is very short. Once the fractures are crammed, hydrocarbon only migrates through pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone, this phase is low-efficient. Hydrocarbon can migrate through three pathways synchronously and continuously. From this a fault is really sealed when the three types of migration pathways are sealed.
The field-geology survey shows that the fault interior structure includes mainly two parts: breakage zone and induced fracture zone. Breakage zone is of the cohesive and uncohesive fault rock. Through studying its physical properties and process of formation and evolution, we may arrive at a conclusion that there are three types of migration pathways in fault zone: the preponderant fracture formed in motion , induced fracture network and pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone. According to this migration through fault is divided into three phases: The first phase is the fastest and most efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the preponderant fracture in piping fluid under the drive of “seismic plumping” when fault is motive; The second phase is the faster and more efficient one in which hydrocarbon migrates through the induced fracture network, because fractures are liable to be crammed, the period from fault motionless to fracture seal is very short. Once the fractures are crammed, hydrocarbon only migrates through pore system of uncohesive fault rock zone, this phase is low-efficient. Hydrocarbon can migrate through three pathways synchronously and continuously. From this a fault is really sealed when the three types of migration pathways are sealed.
引文
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[2]刘泽容,信荃麟,邓俊国,等.断块群油气藏形成机制和构造模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:40-44.
[3]阎福礼,贾东,卢华复,等.东营凹陷油气运移的地震泵作用[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(4):295-298.
[4]赵密福,刘泽容,信荃麟,等.控制油气沿断层纵向运移的地质因素[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(6):21-24.
[5]李明诚.对油气运聚研究中一些概念的再思考[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(2):13-16.
[6]王文广,高宁.西斜坡区萨二、三油层油气成藏机制[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(1):1-3.
[7]WELTE D H.Petroleumand basin evaluation[M].Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,1997:406-431.
[8]孙义梅,田世澄.断层对油气运移作用研究的新进展[J].地学前缘,2001,8(4):36.
[9]SIBSON R H.Fault Mechanisms[J].Geol.Soc.Lond.,1977,133:191-213.
[10]嶋本利彦.マイロナイトの起源と新しい断层モデル[J].月刊地球,1988,10:133-134.
[11]林爱明.断层岩与断层模式[J].高校地质学报,1996,2(3):295-306.
[12]吕德徽,侯康明.昌马断裂带断层岩研究及其黏滑、蠕滑特征[J].内陆地震,1995,9(1):29-34.
[13]李东旭,周济元.地质力学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:82-83.
[14]王志章.裂缝性油藏描述及预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:32-35.
[15]李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].3版.北京:石油工业出版社,2004:104-149.
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