四川盆地上震旦统灯影组储集层致密化过程研究
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摘要
四川盆地上震旦统灯影组是世界上最老的油气储集层之一,由于其时代老、埋藏深、成岩演化历史复杂,岩层储层物性的演化总趋势是越来越致密,因此,研究灯影组储层的致密化过程是掌握其作为优质储层形成机理和发育规律的前提,也是揭示我国西部叠合盆地海相储层演化过程和特征的有效途径。指出:震旦系灯影组在四川盆地一般厚300~1 200 m,主要以藻白云岩、晶粒白云岩为主,可见马鞍状白云岩,成岩后期的改造主要以准同生白云岩化为主,次为埋藏白云岩化,另具发生深埋白云石及热液白云石的条件;主要储集类型为裂缝—孔洞型,基质孔隙度较低(1%~2%)。认为四川盆地不同地区震旦系灯影组溶孔或溶洞中的充填矿物具有相似性;溶蚀作用是形成该盆地震旦系灯影组优质储层的必要条件,发育有表生岩溶、埋藏岩溶及构造(褶皱)岩溶作用;硅化作用是使震旦系灯影组致密化的重要因素,其期次多、形态多样。着重指出:灯影组晶粒白云岩致密化过程为成岩早期压实及窗格孔内亮晶胶结(孔隙约降低40%~45%)→早期硅化/重结晶作用(孔隙度变化不大)→抬升溶蚀/填充作用(或持续深埋)→(再次埋藏)压溶/重结晶(油气充注)→深埋溶蚀作用→充填及重结晶作用→构造抬升破裂/角砾化作用(或持续埋深)→淡水淋滤/硅化/去白云石化作用(或持续埋深)→充填作用;灯影组颗粒白云岩致密化过程为淡水、海水、混合水各类成岩胶结作用(少量溶蚀作用)(孔隙约降低10%~20%)→压实变形→表生岩溶→硅化作用/重结晶作用→压溶/构造岩溶/重结晶作用/深埋溶蚀/充填(油气充注)→抬升/构造破裂作用(或持续埋深)→溶蚀/硅化/充填作用。
The Dengying Formation of the Upper Sinian Series is one of the oldest reservoir rocks in the world.It is such an old age,deep burial and complex diagenesis that the reservoir is more and more tight.The study of the densification process of the formation is the precondition to probe into the formation mechanism of good reservoirs in the formation,and is an effective approach to explore the evolution process and characteristics of the marine carbonate reservoirs in the superimposed sedimentary basins in west China.In general,the thickness of the Dengying Formation is 300~1 200 m.It mainly consists of algal dolomite and crystalline dolomite,and occasionally saddle dolomite.The main dolomitization in the formation is penecontemporaneous and burial dolomitization.There are also conditions for the occurence of hypergene dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization in the formation.The fracture-cavity is the main storage space,and the matrix porosity is low(1%~2%).There are some similarities of the infillings in pores and cavities in the formation in different regions of the Sichuan Basin.Dissolution is the necessary condition for the formation of good reservoirs,including the hypergene karstification,burial dissolution and structure(folding) karstification.Silicatization is an important factor,which makes the Dengying Formation tight.The silicatization took place many times with many types.The densification process of the crystalline dolomite is as follows: the compaction during early diagenesis and the sparry cementation in fenestra(reducing about 40%~45% porosity)→early silicatization/recrystallization(little or no change of porosity)→the uplifted dissolution/infilling(or standing burial)→(reburial) presolution/recrystallization(hydrocarbon infilling)→the dissolution during deep burial?infilling and recrystallization→the fracturing of tectonic uplift/brecciation(or standing burial)→the leaching of freshwater/silicatization/dedolomitization(or standing burial)→infilling.The densification process of the grain dolomite is as follows: the cementation(minor dissolution) of freshwater,seawater and the mixing water of freshwater and seawater(reducing 10%~20% porosity)→ compaction→Hypergene karstification→silicatization/recrystallization → presolution/tectonic karstification/recrystallization/dissolution during deep burial/infilling(hydrocarbon infilling)→uplift/tectonic fracture(or standing burial) dissolution/silicatization/infilling.
The Dengying Formation of the Upper Sinian Series is one of the oldest reservoir rocks in the world.It is such an old age,deep burial and complex diagenesis that the reservoir is more and more tight.The study of the densification process of the formation is the precondition to probe into the formation mechanism of good reservoirs in the formation,and is an effective approach to explore the evolution process and characteristics of the marine carbonate reservoirs in the superimposed sedimentary basins in west China.In general,the thickness of the Dengying Formation is 300~1 200 m.It mainly consists of algal dolomite and crystalline dolomite,and occasionally saddle dolomite.The main dolomitization in the formation is penecontemporaneous and burial dolomitization.There are also conditions for the occurence of hypergene dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization in the formation.The fracture-cavity is the main storage space,and the matrix porosity is low(1%~2%).There are some similarities of the infillings in pores and cavities in the formation in different regions of the Sichuan Basin.Dissolution is the necessary condition for the formation of good reservoirs,including the hypergene karstification,burial dissolution and structure(folding) karstification.Silicatization is an important factor,which makes the Dengying Formation tight.The silicatization took place many times with many types.The densification process of the crystalline dolomite is as follows: the compaction during early diagenesis and the sparry cementation in fenestra(reducing about 40%~45% porosity)→early silicatization/recrystallization(little or no change of porosity)→the uplifted dissolution/infilling(or standing burial)→(reburial) presolution/recrystallization(hydrocarbon infilling)→the dissolution during deep burial?infilling and recrystallization→the fracturing of tectonic uplift/brecciation(or standing burial)→the leaching of freshwater/silicatization/dedolomitization(or standing burial)→infilling.The densification process of the grain dolomite is as follows: the cementation(minor dissolution) of freshwater,seawater and the mixing water of freshwater and seawater(reducing 10%~20% porosity)→ compaction→Hypergene karstification→silicatization/recrystallization → presolution/tectonic karstification/recrystallization/dissolution during deep burial/infilling(hydrocarbon infilling)→uplift/tectonic fracture(or standing burial) dissolution/silicatization/infilling.
引文
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[2]李国辉,李翔,杨西南.四川盆地加里东古隆起震旦系气藏成藏控制因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):80-82.
[3]罗志立,刘顺,徐世琦.四川盆地震旦系含气层中有利勘探区块的选择[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):1-7.
[4]徐世琦.加里东古隆起震旦系—寒武系成藏条件[J].天然气工业,1999,19(4):7-10.
[5]邓涛.四川盆地加里东古隆起的构造机制和成藏模式[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(4):356-360.
[6]陈宗清.展望四川地区海相地层非构造油气藏勘探前景[J].石油实验地质,1986,8(4):301-305.
[7]黄籍中,陈盛吉.四川盆地震旦系气藏形成的烃源地化条件分析:以威远气田为例[J].天然气地球科学,1993,4(4):16-20.
[8]汪泽成,赵文智,张林,等.四川盆地构造层序与天然气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[9]包茨.天然气地质学[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:361-365.
[10]汤良杰,吕修祥,金之钧,等.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气地质特点、战略选区思考及需要解决的主要地质问题[J].地质通报,2006,25(9-10):1032-1035.
[11]王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等.四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):549-554.
[12]罗啸泉,郭东晓,蓝江华.威远气田震旦系灯影组古岩溶与成藏探讨[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(4):54-60.
[13]戴金星.威远气田成藏期及气源[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(5):473-480.
[14]唐俊红,张同伟,鲍征宇,等.四川盆地威远气田碳酸盐岩中有机包裹体研究[J].地质论评,2004,50(2):210-214.
[15]侯方浩,方少仙,王兴志,等.四川盆地灯影组天然气藏储渗体再认识[J].石油学报,1999,20(6):16-21.
[16]王兴志,侯方浩,刘仲宣,等.资最地区灯影组层状白云岩储集层研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(2):37-40.
[17]王兴志,穆曙光,方少仙,等.四川资最地区灯影组滩相沉积及储集性研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(4):578-583.
[18]张若祥,王兴志,蓝大樵,等.四川盆地资最地区震旦系灯影组油气成藏条件分析[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2006,8(1):14-17.
[19]张林,魏国齐,汪泽成,等.四川盆地高石梯—磨溪构造带震旦系灯影组的成藏模式[J].天然气地球科学,2004,15(6):584-588.
[20]唐泽尧,孔金祥.威远气田震旦系储层结构特征[J].石油学报,1984,5(4):1-5.
[21]文华川.威远气田气水关系[J].天然气工业,1986,6(2):14-19.
[22]徐世琦,李天生.四川盆地加里东隆起震旦系古岩溶型储层的分布特征[J].天然气勘探与开发,1993,22(1):14-19.
[23]向芳,陈洪德,张锦泉.资阳地区震旦系灯影组白云岩中葡萄花边的成因研究[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(增刊):136-138.
[24]翟永红,郭成贤.中扬子台地北缘灯影组碳酸盐岩成岩作用序列及成岩模式[J].地质地球化学,1997,2:45-52.
[25]王勇.“白云岩问题”与“前寒武纪之谜”研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(8):857-862.
[26]雷怀彦,朱莲芳.四川盆地震旦系白云岩成因研究[J].沉积学报,1992,10(2):69-78.
[27]王士峰,向芳.资阳地区震旦系灯影组白云岩成因研究[J].岩相古地理,1999,19(3):21-29.
[28]黄志诚,陈智娜,杨守业,等.中国南方灯影组峡期海洋碳酸盐岩原始δ13C和δ18O组成海水温度[J].古地理学报,1999,1(3):1-7.
[29]Warren J.Dolomite:Occurrence,evolution and economicallyimportant associations[J].Earth Science Reviewa,2000,52:1-81.
[30]Machel H G.Saddle dolomite as a by-product of chemicalcompaction and thermochemical reduction[J].Geology,1987(15):936-940.
[31]Graham R Davies,Langhorne B Smith Jr.Structurally con-trolled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies.An overview[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(11):1641-1690.
[32]Dana E S.A textbook of mineralogy[M].London:John Wi-leyand Sons,1955:851.
[33]Radke B M,Mathis R L.On the formation and occurrence ofsaddle dolomite[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1980,50(4):1149-1168.
[34]Gregg J M.On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolo-mite-discussion[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1983,53:1025-1033.
[35]Barber D J,Reeder R J,Smith D J.A TEM microstructuralstudy of dolomite with curved faces(saddle dolomite)[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1985,91:82-92.
[36]Searl A.Saddle dolomite:a new view of its nature and origin[J].Mineralogical Magazine,1989,53:547-555.
[37]Kretz R.Carousel model for the crystallization of saddle dol-omite[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1992,62(2):190-195.
[38]罗志立,赵锡奎,刘树根,等.“中国地裂运动观”的创建和发展[J].石油实验地质,2001,23(2):232-241.
[39]王奖臻,李朝阳,李泽琴,等.川滇地区密西西比河谷型铅锌矿床成矿地质背景及成因探讨[J].地质地球化学,2001,29(2):41-45.
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