东海与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物初探
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摘要
根据所获得的高分辨率地震资料分析,发现冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥火山(底辟)构造,在地形上表现为泥火山地貌,在穿过泥火山的地震剖面上,表现出典型的泥底辟构造。对穿过泥底辟构造的DMS01-5地震剖面进一步的处理和解释发现,泥底辟构造顶部存在明显的似海底反射(BSR),其与海底反射波组极性相反,在BSR之上存在振幅空白带,在速度谱上出现速度异常,指示存在与泥火山有关的天然气水合物。从世界广泛发现的与泥底辟构造有关的天然气水合物来看,天然气水合物既可以在泥底辟构造的丘状外围成藏,也可以在其外围的海底沉积物中产出。在泥底辟构造的丘状外围附近,天然气水合物的形成机制类似于传统的矿物低温热液的形成;在泥底辟构造外围海底沉积物中,其形成过程类似于传统的矿物交代形成机制。冲绳海槽泥底辟构造的发育与很高的沉积速率和槽坡的活动断层有关。在冰期期间,长江携带大量的陆源物质直接输送到大陆坡地区,沉积速率达300 m/Ma,产生异常高压,同时张性断层极为发育,为流体的迁移提供了良好的通道,在异常压力以及上覆地层压力作用下大量流体向上运移,从而发育大量的泥底辟构造。富含甲烷的流体易在其外围及外围海底沉积物中形成天然气水合物藏。
According to the analysis of seismic profile and bathymetry,some mud volcanoes or mud diapir structures were found in the west slope of the south Okinawa Trough.Bottom simulating reflector(BSR),polarity reversion,amplitude blanking zone and velocity anomaly express on the seismic profile DMS01-5,which indicate occurrence of gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes. Studies on gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes become more and more remarkable.Not only can gas hydrate form around the central part of the mud volcano but it can form at the peripheral part of the mud volcano.The development of mud volcanoes in the west of Okinawa Trough was due to the high sedimentary rate during glacial stage,overpressure of the strata and active faults.Methane-bearing fluid could form gas hydrate deposits around the mud volcano.
According to the analysis of seismic profile and bathymetry,some mud volcanoes or mud diapir structures were found in the west slope of the south Okinawa Trough.Bottom simulating reflector(BSR),polarity reversion,amplitude blanking zone and velocity anomaly express on the seismic profile DMS01-5,which indicate occurrence of gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes. Studies on gas hydrate related to mud volcanoes become more and more remarkable.Not only can gas hydrate form around the central part of the mud volcano but it can form at the peripheral part of the mud volcano.The development of mud volcanoes in the west of Okinawa Trough was due to the high sedimentary rate during glacial stage,overpressure of the strata and active faults.Methane-bearing fluid could form gas hydrate deposits around the mud volcano.
引文
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[29]刘学伟,李敏锋,张聿文,等.天然气水合物地震响应研究———中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[30]王宏斌,梁劲,龚跃华,等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):67-73.
[31]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):337-344.
[32]Zatsep ina O Y,Buffett B A.Phase equ ilibrium of gas hydrate:Implications for the formation of hydrate in the deepsea floor[J].Geophysical Research Letter,1997,24:1567-1570.
[33]Kvenvolden K A.M ethane hydrate—a major reservoir of carbonin the shallow geosphere?[J].Chem ical Geology,1988,71:41-51.
[34]Kvenvolden K A,G insburg G D,Soloviev V A.W orldw ide d istri-bution of subaquatic gas hydrate[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13:32-40.
[2]Barber A J,Tjokrosapoetro S,Charlton T R.Mud volcanoes,shale d iap irs,wrench fau lt and m elanges in accretionary comple-xes,Eastern Indonesia[J].Am erican Association of PetroleumGeologists Bu lletin,1986,70:1729-1741.
[3]B rown K M,W estbrook G K.Mud d iap irism and subcretion inthe Barbados R idge accretionary complex:The role of flu ids in ac-cretionary processes[J].Tecton ics,1988,7:613-640.
[4]Cou lbourn W T,H ill P J.A field of volcanoes on the Man ih ik iP lateau:mud or lava?[J].Marine Geology,1991,98:367-388.
[5]Hedberg H D.Relation ofm ethane generation to undercompactedshales,shale d iap irs,and mud volcanoes[J].Am erican Associ-ation of Petroleum Geologists Bu lletin,1974,58:661-673.
[6]Hedberg H D.M ethane generation and petroleum m igration,inprob lem s of petroleum m igration[J].Am erican Association ofPetroleum Geologists Bu lletin,Stud ies in Geology,1980,10:179-206.
[7]Ivanov M K,L imonov A F,Van W eering T C E.Comparativecharacteristics of the B lack Sea andM ed iterranean R idge mud vol-canoes[J].Marine Geology,1996,132:253-271.
[8]Lance S,Henry P,Le P ichon X,et al.Subm ersib le study ofmudvolcanoes seaward of the Barbados accretionary wedge:sed im en-tology,structure and rheology[J].Marine Geology,1998,145:255-292.
[9]L imonov A F,W oodside J M,C ita M B,et al.The M ed iterra-nean R idge and related mud d iap irism:a background[J].Ma-rine Geology,1996,132:7-19.
[10]O B rien G D.Survey of d iap irs and d iap irism[J].Am erican As-sociation of Petroleum Geologists Bu lletin,1968,8:1-9.
[11]B rown K M.The nature and hydrogeologic sign ificance ofmud d i-ap irism and d iatrem es for accretionary system s[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,1990,95:8969-8982.
[12]M ilkov A V.W orldw ide d istribution of submarine mud volcanoesand associated gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,2000,167:29-42.
[13]Vogt P R,Cherkashev G,G insburg G,et al.HaakonMosbymudvolcano provides unusual example of venting[J].EOS,1997,78:549,556-557.
[14]G insburg G D,M ilkov A V,Soloviev V A,et al.Gas hydrate ac-cumu lation at the Haakon Mosby mud volcano[J].Geo-MarineLetters,1999,19:57-67.
[15]G insburg G D,Soloviev V A.Mud volcano gas hydrates in theCasp ian Sea[J].Bu lletin of the Geological Society ofD enmark,1994,41:95-100.
[16]Reed D L,S ilver E A,Tagud in J E,et al.Relations betweenmud volcanoes,thrust deformation,slope sed im entation,and gashydrate,offshore north Panama[J].Marine and Petroleum Geo-logy,1990,7:44-54.
[17]Hernry P,Le P ichon X,Lallemant S,et al.Flu id flow in andaround a mud volcano field seaward of the Barbados accretionarywedge:resu lts from Manon cru ise[J].Journal of GeophysicalResearch,1996,101:20297-20323.
[18]吴自银,王小波,金翔龙,等.冲绳海槽弧后扩张证据及关键问题讨论[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2004,24(3):67-76.
[19]李培英,王永吉,刘振夏.冲绳海槽年代地层与沉积速率[J].中国科学D辑,1999,29(1):50-56.
[20]方银霞,黎明碧,金翔龙,等.东海冲绳海槽天然气水合物的形成条件[J].科技通报,2003,19(1):1-5.
[21]龚建明,杨文达,卢振权,等.东海天然气水合物的区域地质特征及可能的远景区[J].海洋地质动态,2001,7(7):20-23.
[22]栾锡武,初凤友,赵一阳,等.我国东海及邻区海域气体水合物可能的分布范围[J].沉积学报,2001,19(2):315-319.
[23]孟宪伟,刘保华,石学法,等.冲绳海槽中段西陆坡下缘天然气水合物存在的可能性分析[J].沉积学报,2000,18(4):629-633.
[24]李家彪.中国边缘海形成演化与资源效应[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005:495-503.
[25]唐勇,金翔龙,方银霞,等.冲绳海槽天然气水合物BSR的地震研究[J].海洋学报,2003,25(4):59-65.
[26]BernéS,Vagner P,Gu ichard F,et al.P leistocene forced regres-sions and tidal sand ridges in the East Ch ina Sea[J].MarineGeology,2002,188:293-315.
[27]Y in P,BernéS,Vagner P,et al.Mud volcanoes at the shelfmargin of the East Ch ina Sea[J].Marine Geology,2003,194:135-149.
[28]Sassen R,Sweet S T,M ilkov A V,et al.Geology and geochem i-stry of gas hydrates,centralGu lf ofM exico continental slope[J].Gu lf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions,1999,49:462-468.
[29]刘学伟,李敏锋,张聿文,等.天然气水合物地震响应研究———中国南海HD152测线应用实例[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):33-38.
[30]王宏斌,梁劲,龚跃华,等.基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):67-73.
[31]孙春岩,章明昱,牛滨华,等.天然气水合物地震似海底反射现象AVO正演模型研究[J].现代地质,2003,17(3):337-344.
[32]Zatsep ina O Y,Buffett B A.Phase equ ilibrium of gas hydrate:Implications for the formation of hydrate in the deepsea floor[J].Geophysical Research Letter,1997,24:1567-1570.
[33]Kvenvolden K A.M ethane hydrate—a major reservoir of carbonin the shallow geosphere?[J].Chem ical Geology,1988,71:41-51.
[34]Kvenvolden K A,G insburg G D,Soloviev V A.W orldw ide d istri-bution of subaquatic gas hydrate[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13:32-40.
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