综合地球物理方法在华南桂中海相残留盆地沉积相预测中的应用
摘要
沉积相研究是盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探中重要的研究内容之一,综合利用地球物理方法有效识别构造、岩性或沉积相差异是盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探的前提.本文基于重力、航磁、地震等综合地球物理资料,通过重磁异常正演剥离和剖面正反演拟合技术研究了华南桂中地区海相地层的密度分布特征,预测了岩相、沉积相的变化规律.研究发现,本区中、下泥盆统海相地层存在横向的岩性、岩相变化,研究区西北、东南部的台地相区重力异常高、岩石拟合密度值高;中部"X"型台地边缘相区重力异常杂乱、岩石拟合密度变化范围大;东部台沟相区重力异常低、岩石拟合密度值低.利用综合地球物理方法预测沉积相为盆地岩性圈闭汕气藏和生物礁油气藏勘探提供了新的研究思路,研究成果已得到初步检验,但还有待进一步完善与实践.
The sedimentary facies study is one of the key procedures in exploration of subtle reservoirs in basins, of which a prerequisite is effective identification of its structural, lithologic or lithofacies differences through integrated usage of geophysical methods. Based on geophysical data, including gravity, aeromagnetic and seismic data, this paper describes the density distribution characteristics of marine strata in middle Guangxi province,south China, and predicts the regularities of lithofacies and sedimentary facies changes in terms of potential field forward stripping and profile forward/inverse fitting. It is revealed that transversal lithologic and lithofacies changes exist in the marine strata of mid- and lower-Devonian series of the area. The platform zones in northwest and southeast of the area have high gravity anomalies and high fitting rock density. The "X"-shaped platform-marginal facies zone in the middle is characterized by irregular gravity anomalies and a large variation range of fitted rock density. And the platformtrough facies zone in the east exhibits low gravity anomalies as well as low fitted rock density. Predicting sedimentary facies through integrative geophysical methods offers a new approach for exploration of lithologic trap reservoirs and bioherm reservoirs in basins. This method has been preliminarily proved, and needs further improvements and applications.
The sedimentary facies study is one of the key procedures in exploration of subtle reservoirs in basins, of which a prerequisite is effective identification of its structural, lithologic or lithofacies differences through integrated usage of geophysical methods. Based on geophysical data, including gravity, aeromagnetic and seismic data, this paper describes the density distribution characteristics of marine strata in middle Guangxi province,south China, and predicts the regularities of lithofacies and sedimentary facies changes in terms of potential field forward stripping and profile forward/inverse fitting. It is revealed that transversal lithologic and lithofacies changes exist in the marine strata of mid- and lower-Devonian series of the area. The platform zones in northwest and southeast of the area have high gravity anomalies and high fitting rock density. The "X"-shaped platform-marginal facies zone in the middle is characterized by irregular gravity anomalies and a large variation range of fitted rock density. And the platformtrough facies zone in the east exhibits low gravity anomalies as well as low fitted rock density. Predicting sedimentary facies through integrative geophysical methods offers a new approach for exploration of lithologic trap reservoirs and bioherm reservoirs in basins. This method has been preliminarily proved, and needs further improvements and applications.
引文
[1] 刘光鼎.以地球物理为先导,开展残留盆地的油气勘探.同济大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(9) :1154-1159 Liu G D. Oil and gas exploration for residual basins by Taking geophysics as guide. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science) (in Chinese) , 2005 ,33(9) :1154-1159
[2] 刘光鼎,肖一鸣.油气沉积盆地的综合地球物理研究.石油地球物理勘探,1985,20(5) :445-454 Liu G D, Xiao Y M. Integrated geophysical studies on petroliferous sedimentary basins. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1985,20(5) :445-454
[3] 刘光鼎,宋海斌,张福勤.中国近海前新生代残留盆地初探.地球物理学进展,1999,14(3) :1-8 Liu G D, Song H B, Zhang F Q. A preliminary study of Chinese offshore pre-cenozoi cresidual basins. Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese) ,1999,14(3) :1-8
[4] 刘光鼎,陈洁.中国前新生代残留盆地油气勘探难点分析及对策.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :273-275 Liu G D, Chen J. Analysis of difficulties in gas-petroleum prospecting in Chinese Pre-cenozoic relic basin and the corresponding solutions. Progress of Geophysics ( in Chinese), 2005,20(2) :273-275
[5] 刘丽峰,郝天珧,江为为等.大港探区综合地质地球物理研究.地球物理学进展,2003,18(2) :317-322 Liu L F, Hao T Y, Jiang W W, et al. Comprehensive geophysics research in Dagang prospecting area. Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese), 2003 ,18(2) : 317-322
[6] 徐亚,郝天珧,戴明刚等.渤海残留盆地分布综合地球物理 研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :868-881 Xu Y, HaoT Y, Dai M G, et al. Integrated geophysics research on distribution of residual basins of Bohai Sea. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2007 ,50(3) : 868-881
[7] 胡俊,颜英,陈明江.模式识别在测井资料划分沉积相中的应用研究.四川地质学报,2007,27(1) :71-74 Hu J, Yan Y, Chen M J. The application of pattern recognition to the division of sedimentary facies by logging data. Journal of Sichuan Geological Institute (in Chinese), 2007,27(l):71-74
[8] 陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地质出版社,2004 Chen J Q, Zhou H R, Wang X L. Sedimentology and Paleogeography(in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2004
[9] 靳军,刘楼军,邵雨等.综合地球物理方法识别准噶尔盆地的岩性圈闭.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3) :287-290 Jin J, Liu L J, Shao Y, et al. Discussion on identifying method for Identification of lithologic traps in Junggar Basin by comprehensive geophysical method. OGP (in Chinese), 2002,37(3) :287-290
[10] 杨占龙,陈启林.岩性圈闭与陆相盆地岩性油气藏勘探.天然气地球科学,2006,17(5) :616-621 Yang Z L, Chen Q L. Lithologic traps and lithologic reservoirs exploration in continental basins. Natual Gas Geoscience (in Chinese) , 2006 ,17(5) :616-621
[11] 蒋晓光,彭大钧,陈季高等.滨里海盆地东缘生物礁预测研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(5) :492-497 Jiang X G, Peng D J, Chen J G, et al. Prediction of organic reefs on the east edge in the Near Caspian Sea basin. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science &Technology Edition)(in Chinese) ,2005 ,32(5) :492-497
[12] 蔡勋育,黄仁春.桂中坳陷构造演化与油气成藏.南方油气,2003,16(3) :6-9 Cai X Y, Huang R C. Structural evolution and hydrocarbon reservoir formation of Guizhong depression. Southern China Oil & Gas (in Chinese), 2003 ,16(3) :6-9
[13] 梅冥相,马永生,邓军等.加里东运动构造古地理及滇黔桂盆地的形成-兼论滇黔桂盆地深层油气勘探潜力.地学前缘,2005,12(3) :227-236 Mei M X, Ma Y S, Deng J, et al. Tectonic palaeogeographic changes resulting from the Caledonian move-mentand the for mation of the Dianqiangui Basin; Discussion on the deep exploration potential of oil and gas in the Dianqiangui Basin. Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese) ,2005,12(3) :227-236
[14] 徐胜林,尚云志,陈安清.黔南-桂中地区泥盆系沉积体系研究.四川地质学报,2007,27(1) :7-13 Xu S L, Shang Y Z, Chen A Q, Study of Depositional System of the Devonian System in South Guizhou-Central Guangxi. Journal of Sichuan Geological Institute (in Chinese), 2007,27(1) :7-13
[15] 梅冥相,李仲远.滇黔桂地区晚古生代至三叠纪层序地层序列及沉积盆地演化.现代地质,2004,18(4) :555-563 Mei M X, Li Z Y. Sequence-stratigraphic succession and sedimentary-basin evolution from late Palaeozoic to Triassic in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region. Geoscience ( in Chinese),2004,18(4) : 555-563
[16] 戴宗林.南方海相油气地质特征及勘探方向的选择.海相油气地质,1997,2(4) :20-29 Dai Z L. The choice of geological characteristics and exploration direction in the southern marine oil and gas reservoirs. Marine Oil and Gas Geology (in Chinese) , 1997,2(4) :20-29
[17] 刘天佑.位场勘探数据处理新方法.北京:科学出版社,2007 Liu T Y. New Data Processing Methods For Potential Field Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press,2007
[18] 侯遵泽,杨文采.中国重力异常的小波变换与多尺度分析.地球物理学报,1997,40(1) :85-95 Hou Z Z, Yang W C. Wavelet transform and multi-scale analysis on gravity anomalies of China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1997,40(1) :85-95
[19] 江为为,宋海斌,郝天珧等.东海陆架盆地及其周边海域地质、地球物理场特征.地球物理学进展,2001,16(2) :18-27 Jiang W W,Song H B, Hao T Y, et al. The characters of geology and geophysics of shell basins of east china sea and adjacent sea area. Progress in Geophysics ( in Chinese) , 2001,16(2) :18-27
[20] 刘天佑,吴招才,詹应林等.磁异常小波多尺度分解及危机矿山的深部找矿:以大冶铁矿为例.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(1) :135-140 Liu T Y, WuZC, Zhan Y L, et al. Wavelet multi-scale decomposition of magnetic anomaly and its application in searching for deep-buried minerals in crisis mines: A case study from daye iron mine. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences (in Chinese), 2007, 32 (1) :135-140
[21] 管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005 Guan Z N. Geomagnetic Field And Magnetic Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2005
[22] 曾允孚,张锦泉,刘文均等.中国南方泥盆纪岩相古地理与成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1994． 1-120 Zeng Y F, Zhang J Q,Liu W J, et al. De-vonian Lithof Acies Paleogeography and Mineralizationin South China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1994． 1-120
[23] 冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎等.中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,2001． 1-221 Feng Z Z, Peng Y M, Jin Z K, et al. Lithof Acies Palaeogeography of The Cambrian and Ordovi-cian in South China. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001． 1-221
[2] 刘光鼎,肖一鸣.油气沉积盆地的综合地球物理研究.石油地球物理勘探,1985,20(5) :445-454 Liu G D, Xiao Y M. Integrated geophysical studies on petroliferous sedimentary basins. Oil Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),1985,20(5) :445-454
[3] 刘光鼎,宋海斌,张福勤.中国近海前新生代残留盆地初探.地球物理学进展,1999,14(3) :1-8 Liu G D, Song H B, Zhang F Q. A preliminary study of Chinese offshore pre-cenozoi cresidual basins. Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese) ,1999,14(3) :1-8
[4] 刘光鼎,陈洁.中国前新生代残留盆地油气勘探难点分析及对策.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2) :273-275 Liu G D, Chen J. Analysis of difficulties in gas-petroleum prospecting in Chinese Pre-cenozoic relic basin and the corresponding solutions. Progress of Geophysics ( in Chinese), 2005,20(2) :273-275
[5] 刘丽峰,郝天珧,江为为等.大港探区综合地质地球物理研究.地球物理学进展,2003,18(2) :317-322 Liu L F, Hao T Y, Jiang W W, et al. Comprehensive geophysics research in Dagang prospecting area. Progress of Geophysics(in Chinese), 2003 ,18(2) : 317-322
[6] 徐亚,郝天珧,戴明刚等.渤海残留盆地分布综合地球物理 研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(3) :868-881 Xu Y, HaoT Y, Dai M G, et al. Integrated geophysics research on distribution of residual basins of Bohai Sea. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese) ,2007 ,50(3) : 868-881
[7] 胡俊,颜英,陈明江.模式识别在测井资料划分沉积相中的应用研究.四川地质学报,2007,27(1) :71-74 Hu J, Yan Y, Chen M J. The application of pattern recognition to the division of sedimentary facies by logging data. Journal of Sichuan Geological Institute (in Chinese), 2007,27(l):71-74
[8] 陈建强,周洪瑞,王训练.沉积学及古地理学教程.北京:地质出版社,2004 Chen J Q, Zhou H R, Wang X L. Sedimentology and Paleogeography(in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2004
[9] 靳军,刘楼军,邵雨等.综合地球物理方法识别准噶尔盆地的岩性圈闭.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3) :287-290 Jin J, Liu L J, Shao Y, et al. Discussion on identifying method for Identification of lithologic traps in Junggar Basin by comprehensive geophysical method. OGP (in Chinese), 2002,37(3) :287-290
[10] 杨占龙,陈启林.岩性圈闭与陆相盆地岩性油气藏勘探.天然气地球科学,2006,17(5) :616-621 Yang Z L, Chen Q L. Lithologic traps and lithologic reservoirs exploration in continental basins. Natual Gas Geoscience (in Chinese) , 2006 ,17(5) :616-621
[11] 蒋晓光,彭大钧,陈季高等.滨里海盆地东缘生物礁预测研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005,32(5) :492-497 Jiang X G, Peng D J, Chen J G, et al. Prediction of organic reefs on the east edge in the Near Caspian Sea basin. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science &Technology Edition)(in Chinese) ,2005 ,32(5) :492-497
[12] 蔡勋育,黄仁春.桂中坳陷构造演化与油气成藏.南方油气,2003,16(3) :6-9 Cai X Y, Huang R C. Structural evolution and hydrocarbon reservoir formation of Guizhong depression. Southern China Oil & Gas (in Chinese), 2003 ,16(3) :6-9
[13] 梅冥相,马永生,邓军等.加里东运动构造古地理及滇黔桂盆地的形成-兼论滇黔桂盆地深层油气勘探潜力.地学前缘,2005,12(3) :227-236 Mei M X, Ma Y S, Deng J, et al. Tectonic palaeogeographic changes resulting from the Caledonian move-mentand the for mation of the Dianqiangui Basin; Discussion on the deep exploration potential of oil and gas in the Dianqiangui Basin. Earth Science Frontiers (in Chinese) ,2005,12(3) :227-236
[14] 徐胜林,尚云志,陈安清.黔南-桂中地区泥盆系沉积体系研究.四川地质学报,2007,27(1) :7-13 Xu S L, Shang Y Z, Chen A Q, Study of Depositional System of the Devonian System in South Guizhou-Central Guangxi. Journal of Sichuan Geological Institute (in Chinese), 2007,27(1) :7-13
[15] 梅冥相,李仲远.滇黔桂地区晚古生代至三叠纪层序地层序列及沉积盆地演化.现代地质,2004,18(4) :555-563 Mei M X, Li Z Y. Sequence-stratigraphic succession and sedimentary-basin evolution from late Palaeozoic to Triassic in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi region. Geoscience ( in Chinese),2004,18(4) : 555-563
[16] 戴宗林.南方海相油气地质特征及勘探方向的选择.海相油气地质,1997,2(4) :20-29 Dai Z L. The choice of geological characteristics and exploration direction in the southern marine oil and gas reservoirs. Marine Oil and Gas Geology (in Chinese) , 1997,2(4) :20-29
[17] 刘天佑.位场勘探数据处理新方法.北京:科学出版社,2007 Liu T Y. New Data Processing Methods For Potential Field Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press,2007
[18] 侯遵泽,杨文采.中国重力异常的小波变换与多尺度分析.地球物理学报,1997,40(1) :85-95 Hou Z Z, Yang W C. Wavelet transform and multi-scale analysis on gravity anomalies of China. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese),1997,40(1) :85-95
[19] 江为为,宋海斌,郝天珧等.东海陆架盆地及其周边海域地质、地球物理场特征.地球物理学进展,2001,16(2) :18-27 Jiang W W,Song H B, Hao T Y, et al. The characters of geology and geophysics of shell basins of east china sea and adjacent sea area. Progress in Geophysics ( in Chinese) , 2001,16(2) :18-27
[20] 刘天佑,吴招才,詹应林等.磁异常小波多尺度分解及危机矿山的深部找矿:以大冶铁矿为例.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2007,32(1) :135-140 Liu T Y, WuZC, Zhan Y L, et al. Wavelet multi-scale decomposition of magnetic anomaly and its application in searching for deep-buried minerals in crisis mines: A case study from daye iron mine. Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences (in Chinese), 2007, 32 (1) :135-140
[21] 管志宁.地磁场与磁力勘探.北京:地质出版社,2005 Guan Z N. Geomagnetic Field And Magnetic Exploration (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2005
[22] 曾允孚,张锦泉,刘文均等.中国南方泥盆纪岩相古地理与成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1994． 1-120 Zeng Y F, Zhang J Q,Liu W J, et al. De-vonian Lithof Acies Paleogeography and Mineralizationin South China. Beijing: Geological Publishing House,1994． 1-120
[23] 冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎等.中国南方寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理.北京:地质出版社,2001． 1-221 Feng Z Z, Peng Y M, Jin Z K, et al. Lithof Acies Palaeogeography of The Cambrian and Ordovi-cian in South China. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2001． 1-221
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心