深浅水变换带地震资料子波处理技术应用研究
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摘要
在海上地震勘探中,气枪激发时所产生的气泡震荡影响了地震资料的信噪比和分辨率。目前使用较为广泛的方法是应用远场子波预测反褶积来压制震源气泡的影响。在浅水中压制由于空气枪产生的气泡振荡的低频起到了一定作用,可也压制了小部分的有效频率,这对精细勘探来讲是不足的。为满足精细勘探需要,本文通过深水可完整记录直达波的特点,在测线的近道上应用直达波和海底反射波的组合得到统计子波的方法来压制气泡。结果表明气泡得到了很好的压制,并且较好地保护了有效频率。
In offshore earthquake exploration,the bubble oscillation caused by air gun firing affected the seismic S/N and resolution.At present,far field wavelet predicting deconvolution is widely spread and used to eliminate the bubble.This method which is used to eliminate the low frequency of bubble caused by air gun firing in shallow water is effective,but a small part of effective frequency was also eliminated.This is inadequate to accurate seismic exploration.To meet the accurate seismic exploration need,this paper described a method of statistical wavelet derived from direct wave and sub-bottom reflection combination in the line of near-trace to eliminate bubble effects based on the characteristics that deep water received the full direct wave.The result shows that the method is good in both bubble eliminating and effective frequency protecting.
In offshore earthquake exploration,the bubble oscillation caused by air gun firing affected the seismic S/N and resolution.At present,far field wavelet predicting deconvolution is widely spread and used to eliminate the bubble.This method which is used to eliminate the low frequency of bubble caused by air gun firing in shallow water is effective,but a small part of effective frequency was also eliminated.This is inadequate to accurate seismic exploration.To meet the accurate seismic exploration need,this paper described a method of statistical wavelet derived from direct wave and sub-bottom reflection combination in the line of near-trace to eliminate bubble effects based on the characteristics that deep water received the full direct wave.The result shows that the method is good in both bubble eliminating and effective frequency protecting.
引文
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[11]王卫华.提高地震剖面信噪比和分辨率的一种新途径[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):246～256.
[2]Ziolkowski A.Measurement of air-gun signatureswith gun-port pressure transducer[R].SEG IntelExposition and Annual Meeting,San Antonio,1970,9～14.
[3]丘学林,陈颙,朱日祥,等.大容量气枪震源在海陆联测中的应用:南海北部试验结果分析[J].科学通报,2007,52(4):463～469.
[4]赵秀鹏.海洋气枪震源组合及子波模拟低[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(4):36～39.
[5]李绪宣,王建花,张金淼,等.海上气枪震源阵列优化组合设计与应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(S1):142～148.
[6]王守军,王征.海上地震资料零相位化处理技术研究[J].石油物探,2012,51(4):402～407.
[7]于海铖,周小平.模型子波处理技术在消除地震相位差异中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2010,17(4):33～34,42.
[8]刘仁武,陈浩林,刘军,等.极浅水域地震采集气枪震源设计与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):478～481.
[9]陈浩林,倪成洲,李晓东,等.气枪阵列远场子波模拟与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(6):623～628.
[10]刘明洋,郭韬,沈铭成,等.多道统计法提取子波及其应用[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(5):238～240,273.
[11]王卫华.提高地震剖面信噪比和分辨率的一种新途径[J].石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(2):246～256.
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