塔北隆起古生代构造样式和构造反演
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摘要
塔北隆起是塔里木盆地的主要含油气区,笔者利用地震剖面解释和平衡剖面技术对塔北隆起构造变形和构造演化进行了研究。塔北隆起构造变形存在明显的构造差异,西部英买力地区主要发育盖层滑脱式逆冲断层褶皱和"y"型压扭断层,而其东部主要发育基底卷入式逆断层及断层传播褶皱和反冲断层构造。造成塔北隆起东、西构造样式差异的机理主要有两点:一是东部地区对震旦纪—早奥陶世正断层在后期挤压作用下反转,二是英买力地区中寒武统盐层的发育。塔北隆起地区古生代构造演化也存在着一定的差异,塔北隆起东部震旦纪—早奥陶世发育大型正断层构造,而英买力地区为稳定碳酸盐岩台地;晚奥陶世至泥盆纪,塔北隆起东部牙哈断层发生反转,轮台凸起隆升,而英买力地区位于隆起的斜坡部位;石炭纪至二叠纪,塔北隆起东部大规模抬升,剥蚀严重,出露变质基底,英买力地区接受强烈的变形作用,主要发育盖层滑脱式逆断层和褶皱构造。
The North Tarim Uplift is one of the most important oil and gas-bearing areas in the Tarim Basin. Seismic section and balanced section were used to reveal its structural styles and evolution. The structural styles in the North Tarim Uplift are remarkably different in its different parts. Yingmaili in the west of the North Tarim Uplift mainly has decollement folds and faults and 'y'-style transpressure faults,while the east of the North Tarim Uplift has well-developed basement-involved faults,fault-propagated-folds and recoil faults. There are two mechanisms responsible for the difference. First,during the Sinian-Early Ordovician period,the east part developed normal faults,which were inverted later and formed the basement-involved structure. Second,salt was deposited in Yingmaili during Middle Cambrian,which was favorable for the development of the decollment structure. The evolution is also different in different parts. During the Sinian-Early Ordovician period,the east part developed huge normal faults,while the Yingmaili was a stable carbonatite platform. During the Late Ordovician-Devonian period,the east part was inverted and uplifted,whereas Yingmaili was only the slope of the uplift. During Carboniferous and Permian,all parts of the North Tarim Uplift underwent serious deformation.
The North Tarim Uplift is one of the most important oil and gas-bearing areas in the Tarim Basin. Seismic section and balanced section were used to reveal its structural styles and evolution. The structural styles in the North Tarim Uplift are remarkably different in its different parts. Yingmaili in the west of the North Tarim Uplift mainly has decollement folds and faults and 'y'-style transpressure faults,while the east of the North Tarim Uplift has well-developed basement-involved faults,fault-propagated-folds and recoil faults. There are two mechanisms responsible for the difference. First,during the Sinian-Early Ordovician period,the east part developed normal faults,which were inverted later and formed the basement-involved structure. Second,salt was deposited in Yingmaili during Middle Cambrian,which was favorable for the development of the decollment structure. The evolution is also different in different parts. During the Sinian-Early Ordovician period,the east part developed huge normal faults,while the Yingmaili was a stable carbonatite platform. During the Late Ordovician-Devonian period,the east part was inverted and uplifted,whereas Yingmaili was only the slope of the uplift. During Carboniferous and Permian,all parts of the North Tarim Uplift underwent serious deformation.
引文
[1]崔泽宏,王志欣,汤良杰.塔北隆起北部叠加断裂构造特征与成因背景分析[J].中国地质,2005,32(3):378-385.Cui Zehong,Wang Zhixin,Tang Liangjie.Characteristics of overlap faults in the north of the Tabei uplift and analysis of their genetic setting[J].Geology in China,2005,32(3):378-385(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[3]罗春树,杨金华,李江海,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西段中生界圈闭新认识与勘探思路[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):226-229,234.Luo Chunshu,Yang Jinhua,Li Jianghai,et al.New knowledge andexploration thought about Mesozoic traps in west of Tabei uplift,Tarim basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):226-229,234(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[6]龚铭,邵鸿良,伍泓,等.塔里木盆地断裂构造样式与油气关系探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(1):11-21.Gong Ming,Shao Hongliang,Wu Hong,et al.Fault structural styles in Tarim Basin and their relation with hydrocarbon[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(1):11-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]杨春林,张振生,管守锐.塔里木盆地内构造样式类型[J].断块油气田,2000,7(5):11-15.Yang Chunlin,Zhang Zhensheng,Guan Shourui.Structural style types in Tarim Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(5):11-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]何登发,周新源,张朝军,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地地质结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2006,1:31-41.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Zhang Chaojun,et al.Characteristics of geologic framework of multicycle superimposed basin in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,1:31-41(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]何治亮,徐宏节,段铁军.塔里木多旋回盆地复合构造样式初步分析[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):153-166.He Zhiliang,Xu Hongjie,Duan Tiejun.A preliminary analysis on on compound structural styles in the Tarim Polycyclic Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2005,40(2):153-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]王红军,张光亚.塔里木克拉通盆地油气勘探对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):50-55.Wang Hongjun,Zhang Guangya.Oil and gas exploration strategy in Tarim cratonic basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(6),50-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),1997,12(3):8-15.Zhang Zongming,Jia Chengzao.Paleohighs in craton basin of Talimu and exploration objectives[J].Journal of Xi′an Petroleum Institute,1997,12(3):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]张光亚,宋建国.塔里木克拉通盆地改造对油气聚集和保存的控制[J].地质论评,1998,44(5):511-521.Zhang Guangya,Song Jianguo.Control of basin reworking on hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the Tarim Cratonic Basin,Northwest China[J].Geology Review,1998,44(5):511-521(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-121.Xu Guoqiang,Liu Shugen,Li Guorong,et al.Comparison of tectonic evolution and petroleum geologic conditions in Tazhong and Tabei paleohighs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-121(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.Tang Liangjie.An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]陈汉林,杨树锋,贾承造.塔里木盆地北部二叠纪中酸性火成岩带的厘定及其对塔北构造演化的新认识[J].矿物学报,1998,18(3):370-376.Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,Jia Chengzao.Confirmation of Permian intermediate-acid igneous rock zone and a new understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Mineralogical Sinica,1998,18(3):370-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]任康绪,潘文庆,高宏亮,等.塔北隆起西部火成岩储层特征及其勘探方向[J].天然气勘探与开发,2007,30(2):1-4,29.Ren Kangxu,Pan Wenqing,Gao Hongliang,et al.Reservoir characteristics and play target of igneous rock,western Tabei uplift[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2007,30(2):1-4,29(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37-43.He Wenyuan,Li Jianghai,Qian Xianglin,et al.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpin fault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]李涛,王宗秀.塔里木地块北部横向构造及断条模式[J].中国地质,2006,33(1):14-27.Li Tao,Wang Zongxiu.Transverse structure and model of fault slivers in the northern part of the Tarim block[J].Geology in China,2006,33(1):14-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]徐旭辉.塔里木古生代原型盆地分析的油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,23(5):224-229.Xu Xuhui.The significance of the analysis of Tarim Paleozoic prototype basin in oil and gas exploration[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,23(5):224-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]Burbank D W,Beck R A.Comment and reply on“development of the Himalayan Frontal thrust zone:Salt Range,Pakistan”[J].Geology,1989,328-380.
[22]Hafid M,Zizi M,Bally A W,et al.Structural styles of the western onshore and offshore termination of the High Atlas,Morocco[J].C.R.Geoscience,2006,338:50-64.
[23]Cotton J T,Koyi H A.Modeling of thrust fronts above ductile and frictional detachments:Application to structures in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau,Pakistan[J].GSA Bulletin,2002,112(3):351-363.
[24]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,Lv Xueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone between the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2005,32(4):648-654(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]魏国齐,贾承造,姚慧君.塔北地区海西晚期逆冲-走滑构造与含油气关系[J].新疆石油地质,1995,16(2):96-101.Wei Guoqi,Jia Chengzao,Yao Huijun.The relation of thrust-strike slip structure and hydrocarbon potential in late of Hercynian in north area of Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1995,16(2):96-101(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]罗春树,杨金华,李江海,等.塔里木盆地塔北隆起西段中生界圈闭新认识与勘探思路[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):226-229,234.Luo Chunshu,Yang Jinhua,Li Jianghai,et al.New knowledge andexploration thought about Mesozoic traps in west of Tabei uplift,Tarim basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):226-229,234(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]张光亚,陈发景,汪新文.塔北地区变形样式及其分布规律[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1994,19(6):755-768.Zhang Guangya,Chen Fajing,Wang Xinwen.Deformation style and its distribution in North Tarim Basin,northwestern China[J].Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences,1994,19(6):755-768(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]王燮培,严俊君.塔里木盆地北部断裂格架分析[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1995,20(3):237-242.Wang Xiepei,Yan Junjun.Structural framework of major faults in northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science——Journal of China University of Geosciences,1995,20(3):237-242(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]龚铭,邵鸿良,伍泓,等.塔里木盆地断裂构造样式与油气关系探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(1):11-21.Gong Ming,Shao Hongliang,Wu Hong,et al.Fault structural styles in Tarim Basin and their relation with hydrocarbon[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1995,16(1):11-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]杨春林,张振生,管守锐.塔里木盆地内构造样式类型[J].断块油气田,2000,7(5):11-15.Yang Chunlin,Zhang Zhensheng,Guan Shourui.Structural style types in Tarim Basin[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2000,7(5):11-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]何登发,周新源,张朝军,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地地质结构特征[J].中国石油勘探,2006,1:31-41.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Zhang Chaojun,et al.Characteristics of geologic framework of multicycle superimposed basin in Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2006,1:31-41(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]何治亮,徐宏节,段铁军.塔里木多旋回盆地复合构造样式初步分析[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):153-166.He Zhiliang,Xu Hongjie,Duan Tiejun.A preliminary analysis on on compound structural styles in the Tarim Polycyclic Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2005,40(2):153-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]王红军,张光亚.塔里木克拉通盆地油气勘探对策[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(6):50-55.Wang Hongjun,Zhang Guangya.Oil and gas exploration strategy in Tarim cratonic basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2001,28(6),50-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]张宗命,贾承造.塔里木克拉通盆地内古隆起及其找油气方向[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),1997,12(3):8-15.Zhang Zongming,Jia Chengzao.Paleohighs in craton basin of Talimu and exploration objectives[J].Journal of Xi′an Petroleum Institute,1997,12(3):8-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]张光亚,宋建国.塔里木克拉通盆地改造对油气聚集和保存的控制[J].地质论评,1998,44(5):511-521.Zhang Guangya,Song Jianguo.Control of basin reworking on hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the Tarim Cratonic Basin,Northwest China[J].Geology Review,1998,44(5):511-521(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]徐国强,刘树根,李国蓉,等.塔中、塔北古隆起形成演化及油气地质条件对比[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):114-121.Xu Guoqiang,Liu Shugen,Li Guorong,et al.Comparison of tectonic evolution and petroleum geologic conditions in Tazhong and Tabei paleohighs in Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):114-121(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]汤良杰.略论塔里木盆地主要构造运动[J].石油实验地质,1997,19(2):108-114.Tang Liangjie.An approach to major tectogenesis of Tarim Basin[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1997,19(2):108-114(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]陈汉林,杨树锋,贾承造.塔里木盆地北部二叠纪中酸性火成岩带的厘定及其对塔北构造演化的新认识[J].矿物学报,1998,18(3):370-376.Chen Hanlin,Yang Shufeng,Jia Chengzao.Confirmation of Permian intermediate-acid igneous rock zone and a new understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the Tarim Basin[J].Acta Mineralogical Sinica,1998,18(3):370-376(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]任康绪,潘文庆,高宏亮,等.塔北隆起西部火成岩储层特征及其勘探方向[J].天然气勘探与开发,2007,30(2):1-4,29.Ren Kangxu,Pan Wenqing,Gao Hongliang,et al.Reservoir characteristics and play target of igneous rock,western Tabei uplift[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2007,30(2):1-4,29(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]何文渊,李江海,钱祥麟,等.塔里木盆地柯坪断隆断裂构造分析[J].中国地质,2002,29(1):37-43.He Wenyuan,Li Jianghai,Qian Xianglin,et al.Analysis of fault structures in the Kalpin fault uplift,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2002,29(1):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]李涛,王宗秀.塔里木地块北部横向构造及断条模式[J].中国地质,2006,33(1):14-27.Li Tao,Wang Zongxiu.Transverse structure and model of fault slivers in the northern part of the Tarim block[J].Geology in China,2006,33(1):14-27(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]徐旭辉.塔里木古生代原型盆地分析的油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,23(5):224-229.Xu Xuhui.The significance of the analysis of Tarim Paleozoic prototype basin in oil and gas exploration[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2006,23(5):224-229(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]Burbank D W,Beck R A.Comment and reply on“development of the Himalayan Frontal thrust zone:Salt Range,Pakistan”[J].Geology,1989,328-380.
[22]Hafid M,Zizi M,Bally A W,et al.Structural styles of the western onshore and offshore termination of the High Atlas,Morocco[J].C.R.Geoscience,2006,338:50-64.
[23]Cotton J T,Koyi H A.Modeling of thrust fronts above ductile and frictional detachments:Application to structures in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau,Pakistan[J].GSA Bulletin,2002,112(3):351-363.
[24]朱筱敏,张强,吕雪雁,等.塔里木盆地塔北与塔中地区东河砂岩段沉积特征对比[J].中国地质,2005,32(4):648-654.Zhu Xiaomin,Zhang Qiang,Lv Xueyan,et al.Comparison of the sedimentary characteristics of the Donghe sandstone between the Tabei and Tazhong areas,Tarim basin[J].Geology in China,2005,32(4):648-654(in Chinese with English abstract).
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