利用喷出岩标定法研究油气运移时期
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摘要
在断陷盆地形成过程中,火山活动频繁,在地层中残存较多的喷出岩。喷出岩作为盆地地层中的特殊岩性,具有与天然地震、断层活动时空分布的同一性以及原位沉积、时间标定等一系列特性。根据喷出岩基本特性,提出了一种研究油气运移时期的新方法——喷出岩标定法。该方法通过研究喷出岩的时空分布特征,确定相应地质历史过程中断层活动的地域和时间,结合烃源岩的成熟期,得到油气的有效运移断层;在假设该时期盆地沉积速率一定的基础上,研究断层附近喷出岩的埋深及期次,得到油气运移时间。该方法在喷出岩较发育的断陷盆地中可以广泛应用。利用该方法对深县凹陷沙三段烃源岩的油气运移时期进行了研究,得到油气运移时段为距今21.1~23.37Ma。
The volcanic eruption often resulted in the effusive rocks in the rifted basin.The effusive rock is a special lithologic unit and has the same space-time distribution with the earthquakes and fault activities.The effusive rock often stands for the in-situ sediment and contains the age message.Based on the characteristics of the effusive rock,a new method called as effusive rock calibration method for studying the period of oil migration was proposed.Firstly,the position and time of fault activities were determined by studying the space-time distribution of effusive rocks.Secondly,the effective fault for oil-gas migration could be identified in combination with the mature period of source rocks.Supposing the deposition rate was changeless during this period,the time of oil migration could be determined by researching the burial depth and effusive stage of the effusive rocks near fault.This method can be applied in rifted basin with abundant effusive rocks.This method was used to determine the hydrocarbon migration period of source rocks in the third section of Shahejie Formation of Shenxian Depression.The oil migration period in first stage ranged from 21.1Ma to 23.37 Ma before present.
The volcanic eruption often resulted in the effusive rocks in the rifted basin.The effusive rock is a special lithologic unit and has the same space-time distribution with the earthquakes and fault activities.The effusive rock often stands for the in-situ sediment and contains the age message.Based on the characteristics of the effusive rock,a new method called as effusive rock calibration method for studying the period of oil migration was proposed.Firstly,the position and time of fault activities were determined by studying the space-time distribution of effusive rocks.Secondly,the effective fault for oil-gas migration could be identified in combination with the mature period of source rocks.Supposing the deposition rate was changeless during this period,the time of oil migration could be determined by researching the burial depth and effusive stage of the effusive rocks near fault.This method can be applied in rifted basin with abundant effusive rocks.This method was used to determine the hydrocarbon migration period of source rocks in the third section of Shahejie Formation of Shenxian Depression.The oil migration period in first stage ranged from 21.1Ma to 23.37 Ma before present.
引文
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[23]张树林.裂谷盆地的断层封闭类型[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):250-255.Zhang Shulin.Seal types of faults in rift basin[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):250-255.
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[26]赵建,高福红.测井资料交会图法在火山岩岩性识别中的应用[J].世界地质,2003,22(2):136-140.Zhao Jian,Gao Fuhong.Application of crossplots based on welllog data in identifying volcanic lithology[J].Global Geology,2003,22(2):136-140.
[27]范宜仁,黄隆基,代诗华.交会图技术在火山岩岩性与裂缝识别中的应用[J].测井技术,1999,23(1):53-64.Fan Yiren,Huang Longji,Dai Shihua.Application of crossplottechnique to the determination of lithology composition and frac-ture identification of igneous rock[J].Well Logging Technology,1999,23(1):53-64.
[28]周波,李舟波,潘保芝.火山岩岩性识别方法研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(3):394-397.Zhou Bo,Li Zhoubo,Pan Baozhi.A study on lithology identifica-tion methods for volcanic rocks[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2005,35(3):394-397.
[29]梁狄刚,曾宪章.冀中坳陷油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.Liang Digang,Zeng Xianzhang.Petroleum generation in JizhongDepression[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.
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[2]谭秀成,王振宇,田景春,等.利用储层岩石学研究油气运移期次[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):63-67.Tan Xiucheng,Wang Zhenyu,Tian Jingchun,et al.Study on pe-troleum migration times using reservoir petrology[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2007,28(3):63-67.
[3]叶素娟,姜亮.从有机包体特征探讨油气运移时间—以东海盆地西湖坳陷花港组储层为例[J].矿物岩石,2001,21(2):38-41.Ye Sujuan,Jiang Liang.Timing of hydrocarbon migration and or-ganic inclusions verification from Huagang Reservoir of Xihu De-pression,Donghai Basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrolo-gy,2001,21(2):38-41.
[4]米敬奎,肖贤明,刘德汉,等.利用包裹体信息研究鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气的运移规律[J].石油学报,2003,24(5):46-51.Mi Jingkui,Xiao Xianming,Liu Dehan,et al.Study on Upper-Pa-leozoic deep basin gas migration in Ordos using inclusion infor-mation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(5):46-51.
[5]王震亮.盆地流体动力学及油气运移研究进展[J].石油实验地质,2002,24(2):99-103.Wang Zhenliang.Developments in the fluid dynamics and hydro-carbon migration of sedimentary basins[J].Petroleum Geologyand Experiment,2002,24(2):99-103.
[6]王建宝,郭汝泰,肖贤明,等.塔里木盆地轮南低隆起早古生代油气藏形成的期次与时间研究[J].沉积学报,2002,20(2):320-325.Wang Jianbao,Guo Rutai,Xiao Xianming,et al.Timing and pha-ses of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation of the formationof oil and gas pools in Lunnan Low Uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Ac-ta Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(2):320-325.
[7]赵文智,何登发,李小地,等.石油地质综合研究导论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:347-351.Zhao Wenzhi,He Dengfa,Li Xiaodi,et al.Petroleum geologysynthetical research introduction[M].Beijing:Petroleum Indus-try Press,1999:347-351.
[8]何登发.断裂-岩性体油气藏特征[J].石油学报,2007,28(2):22-28.He Dengfa.Features of oil-gas reservoir generated by fault-li-thologic body[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(2):22-28.
[9]李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:147-149.Li Mingcheng.Oil&gas migration[M].Beijing:Petroleum In-dustry Press,2004:147-149.
[10]刘超英,周瑶琪,杜玉民,等.有机包裹体在油气运移成藏研究中的应用及存在问题[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2007,22(1):29-32.Liu Chaoying,Zhou Yaoqi,Du Yumin,et al.Application of fluidinclusions in the study on hydrocarbon migration and accumula-tion and some problems worthy to be discussed[J].Journal ofXi’an Shiyou University:Naturnal Science Edition,2007,22(1):29-32.
[11]庄文山,王永诗.试论沾化凹陷上第三系油气成藏与断层的关系[J].海洋石油,2002,4:37-41.Zhuang Wenshan,Wang Yongshi.The effection of faults on oil-gas pool forming in Zhanhua Sag[J].Offshore Oil,2002,4:37-41.
[12]吴孔友,查明.柴达木盆地北部块断带断层控烃作用[J].石油学报,2007,28(3):17-22.Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming.Hydrocarbon controlling function offault in the North block-faulted belt of Qaidam Basin[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2007,28(3):17-22.
[13]赵东升,吕宗伦,杨乾政,等.柴达木盆地西部地区Ⅻ号断层的特征[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):39-42.Zhao Dongsheng,LüZonglun,Yang Qianzheng,et al.Character-istics of No.Ⅻfault in west part of Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Pe-trolei Sinica,2006,27(6):39-42.
[14]常波涛.陆相盆地中不整合体系与油气的不均一性运移[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):19-23.Chang Botao.Relationship between unconformity system andheterogeneous migration of petroleum in continental basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(5):19-23.
[15]邓佛崇.试论地热———地壳膨胀形变与地震的关系[J].地球,1998,3:9-10.Deng Fuchong.Discuss the relationship of terrestrial heat-crustalbulgy deformation and earthquake[J].The Earth,1998,3:9-10.
[16]洪汉净,于泳,郑秀珍,等.全球火山活动分布特征[J].地学前缘,2003,10(8):11-16.Hong Hanjing,Yu Yong,Zheng Xiuzhen,et al.Global volcanodistribution:Pattern and variation[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(8):11-16.
[17]刘武英.火山与地震的共性特征及有关问题讨论[J].西北地震学报,1998,20(1):21-27.Liu Wuying.A discussion on common characteristics betweenvolcano and earthquake and problems concerned[J].Northwest-ern Seismological Journal,1998,20(1):21-27.
[18]李大伟.新构造运动与渤海湾盆地上第三系油气成藏[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):170-174,184.Li Dawei.Neotectonism and Neogene oil and gas pools in the Bo-hai Bay basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(2):170-174,184.
[19]薛云松,逮经铁,张梅,等.断裂构造在南堡凹陷新生代火成岩形成中的作用[J].特种油气藏,2003,10(1):51-54.Xue Yunsong,Dai Jingtie,Zhang Mei,et al.Effect of fault struc-ture on generation of Cenozoic igneous rock in Nanpu sag[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2003,10(1):51-54.
[20]卢海峰.浅谈活断层及其研究方法[J].江苏地质,2006,30(2):89-93.Lu Haifeng.Discussions on active faults and their study methods[J].Jiangsu Geology,2006,30(2):89-93.
[21]赵密福,刘泽容,信荃麟,等.控制油气沿断层纵向运移的地质因素[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2001,25(6):21-24.Zhao Mifu,Liu Zerong,Xin Quanlin,et al.Geologic factors forcontrolling vertical migration of hydrocarbons along faults[J].Journal of The University of Petroleum,China:Natural ScienceEdition,2001,25(6):21-24.
[22]查明.断陷盆地油气二次运移与聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:70-73.Zha Ming.The secondary migration and accumulation of hydro-carbon in faulted basin[M].Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1997:70-73.
[23]张树林.裂谷盆地的断层封闭类型[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):250-255.Zhang Shulin.Seal types of faults in rift basin[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):250-255.
[24]马立祥.断层封闭性研究在烃类聚集系统分析中的意义[J].天然气地球科学,2000,11(3):1-7,34.Ma Lixiang.Significance of studing fault seal in hydrocarbon ac-cumulation system analysis[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2000,11(3):1-7,34.
[25]郭秋麟,米石云,石广仁,等.盆地模拟原理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:35-38.Guo Qiulin,Mi Shiyun,Shi Guangren,et al.Technique and theo-ry of basin modeling[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998:35-38.
[26]赵建,高福红.测井资料交会图法在火山岩岩性识别中的应用[J].世界地质,2003,22(2):136-140.Zhao Jian,Gao Fuhong.Application of crossplots based on welllog data in identifying volcanic lithology[J].Global Geology,2003,22(2):136-140.
[27]范宜仁,黄隆基,代诗华.交会图技术在火山岩岩性与裂缝识别中的应用[J].测井技术,1999,23(1):53-64.Fan Yiren,Huang Longji,Dai Shihua.Application of crossplottechnique to the determination of lithology composition and frac-ture identification of igneous rock[J].Well Logging Technology,1999,23(1):53-64.
[28]周波,李舟波,潘保芝.火山岩岩性识别方法研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2005,35(3):394-397.Zhou Bo,Li Zhoubo,Pan Baozhi.A study on lithology identifica-tion methods for volcanic rocks[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2005,35(3):394-397.
[29]梁狄刚,曾宪章.冀中坳陷油气的生成[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.Liang Digang,Zeng Xianzhang.Petroleum generation in JizhongDepression[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.
[30]张厚福,方朝亮,蒋有录,等.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:147.Zhang Houfu,Fang Chaoliang,Jiang Youlu,et al.Petroleum ge-ology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:147.
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