构造曲率与振幅曲率在地震资料解释中的应用
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摘要
通过对曲率属性的分析对比,寻找适合研究区的曲率,从而提高解释的精度和效率。振幅曲率与构造曲率在数学上是相互独立的,通过对地震振幅数据的二阶微分求取可以得到振幅曲率属性。针对断层以及地质异常体在常规地震剖面上表现为同相轴的变化、扭曲、振幅突变等特征,利用曲率属性上表现为线性构造,进行断层以及地质异常体的识别,同时总结了曲率属性在解释应用中应注意的问题。振幅曲率不但能反映构造特征,同时能够突出由地质因素造成的振幅差异,从而反映地质特点,对刻画地质体的轮廓、分层结构、断裂系统等非常有效。应用实例表明,曲率属性能够有效识别出断裂发育分布,利用振幅曲率断层的轨迹,沉积体边界刻画得清晰、连续,利于解释,可减少解释多解性。
Based on an analysis and contrast of seismic curvature attributes,this paper aims at finding effective curvature attributes to interpret the seismic data so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of interpretation.The amplitude curvature attribute and structural curvature attribute are independent of each other in mathematics.The amplitude curvature attribute can be computed by the second derivative of seismic amplitude data.Faults and geological anomalies in general seismic section have such features as variation of the homophase axis,twist,and abrupt change of the amplitude.These variations show small linear structure in the seismic horizon curvature attribute,so faults and geological anomalies can be interpreted according to linear structure anomaly.This paper also sums up the notable problems in the application of curvature attributes.Amplitude curvature attribute not only reflects structural characteristics but also highlights the difference between the amplitudes of geological factors,thus demonstrating the geological features.This technique can effectively portray boundaries of sedimentary bodies,hierarchical structure,and fracture system.The applications show that the utilization of amplitude curvature attributes is effective and convenient in interpreting faults.With this technique,the tracks of the faults and the sizes,shapes and boundaries of sedimentary bodies become continuous and clear,and the fault interpretation becomes more easy.
Based on an analysis and contrast of seismic curvature attributes,this paper aims at finding effective curvature attributes to interpret the seismic data so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy of interpretation.The amplitude curvature attribute and structural curvature attribute are independent of each other in mathematics.The amplitude curvature attribute can be computed by the second derivative of seismic amplitude data.Faults and geological anomalies in general seismic section have such features as variation of the homophase axis,twist,and abrupt change of the amplitude.These variations show small linear structure in the seismic horizon curvature attribute,so faults and geological anomalies can be interpreted according to linear structure anomaly.This paper also sums up the notable problems in the application of curvature attributes.Amplitude curvature attribute not only reflects structural characteristics but also highlights the difference between the amplitudes of geological factors,thus demonstrating the geological features.This technique can effectively portray boundaries of sedimentary bodies,hierarchical structure,and fracture system.The applications show that the utilization of amplitude curvature attributes is effective and convenient in interpreting faults.With this technique,the tracks of the faults and the sizes,shapes and boundaries of sedimentary bodies become continuous and clear,and the fault interpretation becomes more easy.
引文
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[12]张旭峰,张进学,牟克勋,等.体属性分析在精细构造研究中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(5):599-601.
[13]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Integration of coherence and volumetric cur-vature images[J].SEG Technical Programxpanded Abstracts,2010,29:1281.
[14]付燕.人工地震信号去噪方法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2002.
[2]Al-Dossary S,Marfurt K J.3D volumetric multispectral estimates ofreflector curvature and rotation[J].Geophysics,2006,71(5):41-51.
[3]Chopra S,赵剑敏,吴龙丽.曲率属性在3D地面地震资料中的应用[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(4):50-59.
[4]杜文凤,彭苏萍.利用地震层曲率进行煤层小断层预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(s1):2901-2906.
[5]徐中清,周海明.复杂断块油田精细勘探开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:36-47.
[6]王伟.地震几何属性识别断层技术研究及应用[D].华东:中国石油大学,2009.
[7]Klein P,Richard L,James H.3D curvature attributes:a new ap-proach for seismic interpretation[J].First Break,2008,26:105-112.
[8]孙尚如.预测储层裂缝的两种曲率方法应用比较[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(4):71-74.
[9]Chopra S,Kurt J M.Structural curvature versus amplitude curva-ture[C]//San Antonio:SEG 2011 Annual Meeting,2011:980-984.
[10]袁世洪,万忠宏,詹仕凡,等.体曲率属性在地震解释中的应用[C]//中国地球物理学会,2010:523.
[11]张军华,王伟,谭明友,等.曲率属性及其在构造解释中的应用[J].油气地球物理,2009,(2):1-7.
[12]张旭峰,张进学,牟克勋,等.体属性分析在精细构造研究中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(5):599-601.
[13]Chopra S,Marfurt K J.Integration of coherence and volumetric cur-vature images[J].SEG Technical Programxpanded Abstracts,2010,29:1281.
[14]付燕.人工地震信号去噪方法研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2002.
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