基于零偏VSP初至波的地震高频补偿和相位校正
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摘要
松辽盆地中浅层之上地层的压实程度低,对地震波吸收衰减作用明显,对高频成分的衰减尤为严重,如何恢复和补偿被大地吸收的地震波高频成分,从而提高地震资料的垂向分辨率,解决薄储层地震识别问题,是地震资料处理急需解决的技术难题.本文基于零偏VSP数据的初至波主频率随深度下降的关系,应用主频偏移法逐点求得随深度变化的地层品质因子Q;按照坳陷盆地层状介质的特点,依据地震速度和主要反射界面将目的层上部坳陷期地层划分为多层常数Q模型,实现Q值场的时变和空变.在叠前、叠后地震数据体上,采用增益控制Q值高频补偿和相位校正技术,提高地震资料的分辨率.大庆油田常家围子三维地震工区应用该技术的成果数据,频带展宽5Hz以上,主要反射层同相轴连续性增强,层间反射细节突出,与测井及VSP数据的匹配程度提高,为该区油藏评价研究奠定了资料基础.
The strata overlaid on the target zone in Songliao Basin have not been compacted highly,that lead seismic waves being obviously attenuated as they travel through,especially for the high frequency seismic components.How to recovery or compensate the attenuated high frequency components in order to improve the seismic resolution is a tough issue for seismic data processing.In this paper,based on the relationship that the frequency of direct wave of zero-offset VSP data is decreased as the depth increasing,the earth quality factor Q in each depth is calculated by using the main frequency shift method.On the light of seismic velocity and major reflector,the strata have vertically been divided into multi layers and each of them has a consistent Q.Then the Q model of subsurface is build of time and space variation.We present a method for seismic data high frequency compensation and phase correction on pre-stack and post-stack seismic data of Changjiaweizi 3D seismic survey,Daqing oilfield.The results demonstrate that the seismic frequency band is extended more then 5Hz,the major reflectors are transversely toned up,the internal reflections among layers are boosted up and the seismic data is tied highly with well logging and VSP data.That provides benefits for reservoir evaluation of this area.
The strata overlaid on the target zone in Songliao Basin have not been compacted highly,that lead seismic waves being obviously attenuated as they travel through,especially for the high frequency seismic components.How to recovery or compensate the attenuated high frequency components in order to improve the seismic resolution is a tough issue for seismic data processing.In this paper,based on the relationship that the frequency of direct wave of zero-offset VSP data is decreased as the depth increasing,the earth quality factor Q in each depth is calculated by using the main frequency shift method.On the light of seismic velocity and major reflector,the strata have vertically been divided into multi layers and each of them has a consistent Q.Then the Q model of subsurface is build of time and space variation.We present a method for seismic data high frequency compensation and phase correction on pre-stack and post-stack seismic data of Changjiaweizi 3D seismic survey,Daqing oilfield.The results demonstrate that the seismic frequency band is extended more then 5Hz,the major reflectors are transversely toned up,the internal reflections among layers are boosted up and the seismic data is tied highly with well logging and VSP data.That provides benefits for reservoir evaluation of this area.
引文
[1]冯志强,刘嘉麒,王璞珺,陈树民,冯子辉,童英.油气勘探新领域:火山岩油气藏——松辽盆地大型火山岩气田发现的启示.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):269-279,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.001.FENG Zhi-Qiang,LIU Jia-Qi,WANG Pu-Jun,CHEN Shu-Min,FENG Zi-Hui,TONG Ying.New oil and gas explorationfield:volcanic hydrocarbon reservoirs——Enlightenment fromthe discovery of the large gas field in Songliao basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):269-279,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.001.
[2]王璞珺,张功成,蒙启安,鲁宝亮,朱德丰,孙晓猛.地震火山地层学及其在我国火山岩盆地中的应用.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):597-610,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.039.WANG Pu-Jun,ZHANG Gong-Cheng,MENG Qi-An,LUBao-Liang,ZHU De-Feng,SUN Xiao-Meng.Applications ofseismic volcanostratigraphy to the volcanic rifted basins ofChina.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):597-610,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.039.
[3]李延平,陈树民,宋永忠,等.大庆长垣及以东泉三、四段扶杨油层浅水湖泊_三角洲体系沉积特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(5):13-18.Li Yan-ping,Chen Shu-min,Song Yong-zhong,et al.Shallowlacustrine-delta system deposition characteristics of Fuyang oilbed in Daqing placanticline and Quan3and Quan4member toits east[J].P.G.O.D.D,2005,24(5):13-18.
[4]杜庆龙,朱丽红.喇萨杏油田特高含水期剩余油分布及描述技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(5):99-105.Du Qing-long,Zhu Li-hong.Remaining oil distribution and itsdescription technology during ultra-high water cut stage in LA-SA-XING oilfield[J].P.G.O.D.D,2009,28(5):99-105.
[5]梁文福.喇嘛甸油田厚油层多学科综合研究及挖潜[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(2):68-72.Liang wen-fu.Multidisciplinary study and potentiality analysison thick oil layers in Lamadian Oil field[J].P.G.O.D.D,2008,27(2):68-72.
[6]马季,巴晶,李玉凤,等.多尺度地震波资料匹配研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1021-1030.Ma J,Ba J,Li Y F,et al.Review of methods for multi-scaleseismic data.Progress in Geophys,2011,26(3):1064-1069.
[7]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution of seismictraces based on the changing wavelet model of the seismogram[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[8]陈宝书,梅金顺,王润秋.褶积与反褶积的一种计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):501-506.Chen B S,Mei J S,Wang R Q.A new convolutional anddeconvolutional method[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(2):501-506.
[9]高少武,赵波,贺振华,等.地震子波提取方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1384-1391.Gao S W,Zhao B,He Z H,et al.Research progress ofseismic wavelet extraction[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(4):1384-1391.
[10]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analyaia[M].Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,2001.
[11]尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):398-407.Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G.Study on transmittable laws ofseismic waves in unconsolidated layers[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):398-407.
[12]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,石战结,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837-1843.Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the nearsurface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-Dseismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1837-1843.
[13]张尔华,王晓凯,高静怀,等.局部瞬时频率提取及其在大庆油田中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1064-1069.Zhang E H,Wang X K,Gao J H,et al.Local instantaneousfrequency eatracting method and its application to the DaqingOilfield[J].Progress in Geophys,2011,26(3):1064-1069.
[14]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[15]Futterman,W I..Seismic Wave Attenuation[M].Geophysicsreprint series No.2,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1981,405-417.
[16]凌云,高军,吴琳.时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):176-182.Ling Yun,Gao Jun,Wu Lin.Compensation for sphericaldispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain[J].OGP,2005,40(2):176-182.
[17]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381.Hao Z B,Qin J X,Wu X Y.Overview of research on theseismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):375-381.
[18]田树人.用李氏经验公式估算反Q滤波中的Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,(3).
[19]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
[21]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelstic rocks[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysics Sinica)(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[22]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,et al.An experimental studyof influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation insandstone under stratum conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):908-914.
[23]王辉,常旭,刘伊克,等.时间域相邻道地震波衰减成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):396-403.Wang H,Chang X,Liu Y K,et al.Seismic neighboringtraces attenuation tomography in time domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(3):396-403.
[24]陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):837-843.Chen W C,Gao J H.Characteristic analysis of seismicattenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):837-843.
[25]Wang Y H.Q analysis on reflection seismic data.GeophysicalResearch Letters,31,2003,L17606.
[26]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic Attenuation Tomography Usingthe Frequency Shift Method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[27]Hale D.Q-adaptive Deconvolution.Stanford Exploration Project,Report No 30,1982,133-158.
[28]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[29]Hargreaves,N.D.,Calvert,A.J.,and Hirsche,W.K.,1987,A Fast Inverse Q-Filter.Presented at the 1987SEGconference,New Orleans.
[30]Wang Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverseQ filtering[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):337-345.
[31]Wang,Y H.Inverse Q filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):51-60.
[2]王璞珺,张功成,蒙启安,鲁宝亮,朱德丰,孙晓猛.地震火山地层学及其在我国火山岩盆地中的应用.地球物理学报,2011,54(2):597-610,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.039.WANG Pu-Jun,ZHANG Gong-Cheng,MENG Qi-An,LUBao-Liang,ZHU De-Feng,SUN Xiao-Meng.Applications ofseismic volcanostratigraphy to the volcanic rifted basins ofChina.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(2):597-610,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.02.039.
[3]李延平,陈树民,宋永忠,等.大庆长垣及以东泉三、四段扶杨油层浅水湖泊_三角洲体系沉积特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(5):13-18.Li Yan-ping,Chen Shu-min,Song Yong-zhong,et al.Shallowlacustrine-delta system deposition characteristics of Fuyang oilbed in Daqing placanticline and Quan3and Quan4member toits east[J].P.G.O.D.D,2005,24(5):13-18.
[4]杜庆龙,朱丽红.喇萨杏油田特高含水期剩余油分布及描述技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2009,28(5):99-105.Du Qing-long,Zhu Li-hong.Remaining oil distribution and itsdescription technology during ultra-high water cut stage in LA-SA-XING oilfield[J].P.G.O.D.D,2009,28(5):99-105.
[5]梁文福.喇嘛甸油田厚油层多学科综合研究及挖潜[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2008,27(2):68-72.Liang wen-fu.Multidisciplinary study and potentiality analysison thick oil layers in Lamadian Oil field[J].P.G.O.D.D,2008,27(2):68-72.
[6]马季,巴晶,李玉凤,等.多尺度地震波资料匹配研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1021-1030.Ma J,Ba J,Li Y F,et al.Review of methods for multi-scaleseismic data.Progress in Geophys,2011,26(3):1064-1069.
[7]高静怀,汪玲玲,赵伟.基于反射地震记录变子波模型提高地震记录分辨率[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(5):1289-1300.Gao J H,Wang L L,Zhao W.Enhancing resolution of seismictraces based on the changing wavelet model of the seismogram[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(5):1289-1300.
[8]陈宝书,梅金顺,王润秋.褶积与反褶积的一种计算方法[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):501-506.Chen B S,Mei J S,Wang R Q.A new convolutional anddeconvolutional method[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(2):501-506.
[9]高少武,赵波,贺振华,等.地震子波提取方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1384-1391.Gao S W,Zhao B,He Z H,et al.Research progress ofseismic wavelet extraction[J].Progress in Geophys.(inChinese),2009,24(4):1384-1391.
[10]Yilmaz O.Seismic Data Analyaia[M].Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,2001.
[11]尹喜玲,石战结,田钢.近地表低降速带地震波传播规律初探[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):398-407.Yi X L,Shi Z J,Tian G.Study on transmittable laws ofseismic waves in unconsolidated layers[J].Progress inGeophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):398-407.
[12]王建民,陈树民,苏茂鑫,石战结,等.近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(6):1837-1843.Wang J M,Chen S M,Su M X,et al.A study of the nearsurface high-frequency compensation technology in 3-Dseismic exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(6):1837-1843.
[13]张尔华,王晓凯,高静怀,等.局部瞬时频率提取及其在大庆油田中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2011,26(3):1064-1069.Zhang E H,Wang X K,Gao J H,et al.Local instantaneousfrequency eatracting method and its application to the DaqingOilfield[J].Progress in Geophys,2011,26(3):1064-1069.
[14]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993.
[15]Futterman,W I..Seismic Wave Attenuation[M].Geophysicsreprint series No.2,Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1981,405-417.
[16]凌云,高军,吴琳.时频空间域球面发散与吸收补偿[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):176-182.Ling Yun,Gao Jun,Wu Lin.Compensation for sphericaldispersion and absorption in time-frequency-space domain[J].OGP,2005,40(2):176-182.
[17]郝召兵,秦静欣,伍向阳.地震波品质因子Q研究进展综述[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(2):375-381.Hao Z B,Qin J X,Wu X Y.Overview of research on theseismic wave quality factor(Q)[J].Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,24(2):375-381.
[18]田树人.用李氏经验公式估算反Q滤波中的Q值[J].石油地球物理勘探,1990,(3).
[19]高静怀,杨森林.利用零偏移VSP资料估计介质品质因子方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1198-1209.Gao J H,Yang S L.On the method of quality factorsestimation from zero-offset VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1198-1209.
[20]高静怀,杨森林,王大兴.利用VSP资料直达波的包络峰值处瞬时频率提取介质品质因子[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(3):853-861.Gao J H,Yang S L,Wang D X.Quality factor extractionusing instantaneous frequency at envelope peak of directwaves of VSP data[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2008,51(3):853-861.
[21]杨文采.岩石的粘弹性谐振Q模型[J].地球物理学报,1987,30(4):399-411.Yang W C.A resonance Q model for viscoelstic rocks[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysics Sinica)(in Chinese),1987,30(4):399-411.
[22]王大兴,辛可锋,李幼铭,等.地层条件下砂岩含水饱和度对波速及衰减影响的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):908-914.Wang D X,Xin K F,Li Y M,et al.An experimental studyof influence of water saturation on velocity and attenuation insandstone under stratum conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):908-914.
[23]王辉,常旭,刘伊克,等.时间域相邻道地震波衰减成像研究[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(3):396-403.Wang H,Chang X,Liu Y K,et al.Seismic neighboringtraces attenuation tomography in time domain[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(3):396-403.
[24]陈文超,高静怀.基于改进的最佳匹配地震子波的地震资料衰减特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(3):837-843.Chen W C,Gao J H.Characteristic analysis of seismicattenuation using MBMSW wavelets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):837-843.
[25]Wang Y H.Q analysis on reflection seismic data.GeophysicalResearch Letters,31,2003,L17606.
[26]Quan Y,Harris J M.Seismic Attenuation Tomography Usingthe Frequency Shift Method[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):895-905.
[27]Hale D.Q-adaptive Deconvolution.Stanford Exploration Project,Report No 30,1982,133-158.
[28]Wang Y H.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering[J].Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[29]Hargreaves,N.D.,Calvert,A.J.,and Hirsche,W.K.,1987,A Fast Inverse Q-Filter.Presented at the 1987SEGconference,New Orleans.
[30]Wang Y H.Quantifying the effectiveness of stabilized inverseQ filtering[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):337-345.
[31]Wang,Y H.Inverse Q filter for seismic resolution enhancement[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):51-60.
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