中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化
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摘要
阿姆河盆地是中亚地区重要的含油气盆地,位于阿姆河北岸的查尔朱阶地和布哈拉阶地为盆地的二级构造单元,其油气资源量占全盆地的一半。油气主要富集于阶地的局部背斜构造和生物礁圈闭中,这些圈闭与该区构造形成演化密不可分。利用常规地质资料,通过精细地层对比和地震资料解释,识别出两个关键界面:侏罗纪末的断拗转换面和早第三纪末的区域角度不整合面,并结合板块构造理论确定了构造变形时期。研究认为,侏罗纪以来两阶地经历了侏罗纪—白垩纪断陷—拗陷期和早第三纪抬升—改造期两个重要演化阶段,形成了上、中、下三大构造层。断陷—拗陷阶段的沉积控制了该区的构造格局;中构造层膏盐层的发育丰富了后期的构造样式。早第三纪—晚第三纪的构造运动使该区构造发生了强烈变革,形成了典型的逆断裂、走滑断裂带和不对称复合背斜构造带。
Amu-Darya Basin is one of the significant large potential petroliferous basins in Middle Asia. Both Chardzhou and Bukhara terraces,which are located in the northeastern of Amu-Darya Basin,provide more than a half of petroleum resources volume of the basin. Rich hydrocarbon is accumulated dominantly in local anticlines and reef traps,which are closely relative with structural formation and evolution in this basin. On the basis on available geological data,fine stratigraphic correlation and seismic data interpretation,two key geological interfaces,the faulting-depression transform interface at the end of Jurassic and the regional angular unconformity at the end of Paleogene,are recognized and the relative deformation phases are defined according to the theory of plate tectonics. It is suggested that the important stages of Jurassic-Cretaceous faulted depression and Paleogene compressed uplifting-reformation have undergone within these terraces,which results in forming the upper,the middle and the lower synthems. The sedimentation in the faulted depression stage controlled the tectonic framework of this region and the development of the salt layers in the middle synthem advanced the succeeding tectonic patterns. Tectonic movements during Paleogene-Neogene time brought on extensive structure deformation in this region,which con-structs a series of typical structural belts such as thrust belts,strike-slip fault belts and asymmetrical composite anticline belts.
Amu-Darya Basin is one of the significant large potential petroliferous basins in Middle Asia. Both Chardzhou and Bukhara terraces,which are located in the northeastern of Amu-Darya Basin,provide more than a half of petroleum resources volume of the basin. Rich hydrocarbon is accumulated dominantly in local anticlines and reef traps,which are closely relative with structural formation and evolution in this basin. On the basis on available geological data,fine stratigraphic correlation and seismic data interpretation,two key geological interfaces,the faulting-depression transform interface at the end of Jurassic and the regional angular unconformity at the end of Paleogene,are recognized and the relative deformation phases are defined according to the theory of plate tectonics. It is suggested that the important stages of Jurassic-Cretaceous faulted depression and Paleogene compressed uplifting-reformation have undergone within these terraces,which results in forming the upper,the middle and the lower synthems. The sedimentation in the faulted depression stage controlled the tectonic framework of this region and the development of the salt layers in the middle synthem advanced the succeeding tectonic patterns. Tectonic movements during Paleogene-Neogene time brought on extensive structure deformation in this region,which con-structs a series of typical structural belts such as thrust belts,strike-slip fault belts and asymmetrical composite anticline belts.
引文
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[11]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地含油气系统划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):515-520.
[12]徐文世,刘秀联,余志清,等.中亚阿姆河含油气盆地构造特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):744-748.
[13]Ulmishek G F.Petroleum geology and resources of the Amu-Darya Basin,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Afghanistan,and I-ran[R].USGS,2004:1-38.
[14]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地油气地质特征与有利区带预测[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):260-264.
[15]Otto S C.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia:Implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin[J],Petroleum Geoscience,1997:327-341.
[2]李春昱.亚洲古板块划分及有关问题[J].地质学报,1992,57(1):1-8.
[3]Replumaz A,Negredo A M,Guillot S,et al.Multiple episodes of continental subduction during India/Asia convergence:Insight from seismic tomography and tectonic reconstruction[J],Tectono-physics,2009:1-10.
[4]Golonka J.Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic[J],Tectonophysics,2004:235-273.
[5]王成善,李祥辉,胡修棉.再论印度—亚洲大陆碰撞的启动时间[J].地质学报,2003,77(1):17-22.
[6]雷振宇,杜社宽,张朝军,等.中亚地区与中国西部盆地类比及其油气勘探潜力[J].地球学报,2004,25(1):67-71.
[7]罗金海,周新源,邱斌,等.塔里木—卡拉库姆地区的油气地质特征与区域地质演化[J].地质论评,2005,51(4):409-414.
[8]白国平,殷进垠.中亚卡拉库姆盆地油气分布特征与成藏模式[J].古地理学报,2007,9(3):284-300.
[9]贾承造,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.特提斯北缘盆地群构造地质与天然气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[10]丘东洲,谢渊,李晓清,等.亚洲特提斯域岩相古地理与油气聚集地质特征[J].海相油气地质,2009,14(2):41-50.
[11]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地含油气系统划分与评价[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):515-520.
[12]徐文世,刘秀联,余志清,等.中亚阿姆河含油气盆地构造特征[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(5):744-748.
[13]Ulmishek G F.Petroleum geology and resources of the Amu-Darya Basin,Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan,Afghanistan,and I-ran[R].USGS,2004:1-38.
[14]郭永强,刘洛夫,朱胜利,等.阿姆达林盆地油气地质特征与有利区带预测[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):260-264.
[15]Otto S C.Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of deformation and petroleum systems in sedimentary basins of Central Asia:Implications of collisions on the Eurasian margin[J],Petroleum Geoscience,1997:327-341.
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