华北地区拆离滑脱带控震作用初探
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摘要
华北东部盆岭区以地震多、震级大、损失惨重而著称。以往地震地质研究多注重断裂交汇、拐点、分枝等部位的控震作用。但是 ,华北盆岭区多次大震的烈度并不呈线型展布 ,震源也并非沿陡倾断裂走向分布 ,而是在一定深度上 (近水平 )弥散展布 ,故人们开始注意深部滑脱带控震的探讨。笔者依据近十余年华北地幔亚热柱的研究认为 ,华北断陷区之下为一强烈上隆的地幔亚热柱。地幔物质的上隆及上侵作用使上地壳裂解断陷 ,而中地壳在地幔、下地壳的影响下形成相间展布的低速—高导层。在地幔亚热柱热物质流向外拆离的带动下 ,中、下地壳亦由亚热柱顶部向外围拆离滑脱。当中、下地壳拆离到上地壳裂陷盆地边缘受到造山带的阻挡而减慢时 ,两者之间便产生剪切作用 ,导致应力不断积聚并阶段性释放 ,从而造成亚热柱外围地震频繁发生。
The mountain-basin area in north China is noticed by its frequency of earthquake,strong magnitude and heavy losses.In the past,the intersection,inflection point and virgation of faults were often studied.At present,some researchers have paid more attention to study of detachment zone.According to the study of mantle plume for ten years,it is concluded that sub-mantle plume is strongly uplifting under fault basin of North China.The upwelling of mantle materials made the upper crust split and downfault.Under the influences of mantle and lower crust,the low-velocity layers alternating with high conductive layers distribution occurred in middle crust.Sub-mantle plume dragging mid-lower crust over mantle plume together glided forward its perphery,in the course of gliding,when the upper crust gliding to border of the basin,resisted by orogenic belt and velocity of gliding is slowing.The shearing between in the middle crust and lower crust leads to stress gathering constantly and releasing when high stress are concentrated,thus earthquake frequently occurred surrounding sub-mantle plume.
The mountain-basin area in north China is noticed by its frequency of earthquake,strong magnitude and heavy losses.In the past,the intersection,inflection point and virgation of faults were often studied.At present,some researchers have paid more attention to study of detachment zone.According to the study of mantle plume for ten years,it is concluded that sub-mantle plume is strongly uplifting under fault basin of North China.The upwelling of mantle materials made the upper crust split and downfault.Under the influences of mantle and lower crust,the low-velocity layers alternating with high conductive layers distribution occurred in middle crust.Sub-mantle plume dragging mid-lower crust over mantle plume together glided forward its perphery,in the course of gliding,when the upper crust gliding to border of the basin,resisted by orogenic belt and velocity of gliding is slowing.The shearing between in the middle crust and lower crust leads to stress gathering constantly and releasing when high stress are concentrated,thus earthquake frequently occurred surrounding sub-mantle plume.
引文
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[1]滕吉文.地球内部物质/能量交换与资源和灾害[J].地学前缘,2001,8(3):1～8.
[2]马宗晋,傅征祥,张郢珍,等.1966～1976年中国九大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.
[3]国家地震局编辑组.一九七六年唐山地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1982.
[4]刘福田,曲克信,吴 华,等.华北地区的地震层面成像[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):442～449.
[5]宋仲和,陈国英,安昌强,等.中国东部及其相邻海域S波三维速度结构[J].地球物理学报,1992,35(3):316～330.
[6]王椿镛,张先康,吴庆举,等.华北盆地滑脱构造的地震学证据[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(5):613～620.
[7]牛树银,孙爱群,邵振国,等.地幔热柱多级演化及其成矿作用[M].北京:地震出版社,2001.
[8]河北省地震局.一九六六年邢台地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1986
[9]孙武城,刘昌铨,祝治平,等.华北北部地壳、上地幔速度结构[A].见:《中国岩石圈动力学地图集》[C],北京:中国地图出版社.1989.
[10]牛树银,罗殿文,叶东虎,等.幔枝构造及其成矿规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1996.
[11]孙若昧,赵燕来,梅世蓉.渤海及其邻区的地震层析成像[J].地球物理学报,1993,36(1):44～54.
[12]王同和.太行山以东沉积盆地油气分布规律[J].华北地质矿产杂志,1995,10(3):399～414.
[13]WilsonJT .MantleplumeandPlatemotion[J].Tectonophysics,1963,19(2):149～164.
[14]MorganWJ .Platemotionsanddeepmantle.convection[J]Geol,Soc.Am.Mem.,1972,132:7～22.
[15]DeffeysKS .Plumeconvectionwithauppermantletemperatureinversion[J].Nature,1972,(240):539～544.
[16]Anderson,D .L .Chemicalplumeinthemantle[J].Geol,Soc.Am.Bull,1975,86:1593～1600
[17]MaruyamaS .Plumemotionsanddeepmantleconvection[J],Soc.Japan,1994,100:24～49.
[18]邓晋福,赵海玲,吴宗絮,等.中国北方大陆下的地幔热柱与岩石圈运动[J].现代地质,1992.6(3):267～274.
[19]牛树银,李红阳,孙爱群,等.幔枝构造理论与找矿实践[M].北京:地震出版社,2002.
[20]孙继源,邢集善,叶志光,等.华北地区板内构造及其深部过程初探.地质科技情报[J].1992,12(1):4～13
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