声电效应在隧道地震波场物理模拟实验中的应用
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摘要
介绍了声电效应的物理基础和利用声电效应进行隧道地震波场物理模拟的可行性研究.基于制作的人工冻砂半空间隧道物理模型和虚拟仪器技术的同一观测平台的声声观测方法与声电观测方法,采用不同的观测排列分别采集了声声直达信号、声声反射信号、声电直达信号、声电反射信号.应用时域分析和频域分析技术对所采集信号进行处理,分离出来自反射界面的纵横波直达声信号、纵横波反射声信号和纵横波直达声电转换信号、纵横波声电转换反射信号.研究结果表明,相对于声声信号,声电信号采集受固有频率限制小,频谱明显拓宽,时间波列大为缩短,信号分辨率提高,有效的克服了窄带声传感器对隧道地震波场信号采集的影响.此外,由于声电观测中的采用电极接受,电极直径一般为2～3mm,尺度远远小于声传感器,极大改善了声声观测中由于大尺度换能器带来的模型尺度、耦合性能等诸多方面的困难,增强了隧道地震波场物理模型观测精度.
This paper introduces the mechanism of seismoelectric effect and its feasibility for stnding of tunnel seismic modelling.Using both acoustic-acoustic and acoustic-electric methods based on the same platform built by the virtual instrument technology,we have measured the direct arrival of acoustic-acoustic signals,the reflective acoustic-acoustic signals,the direct arrival acoustic-electric signals,the reflective acoustic-electric signals from a half-space tunnel model made with artificial frozen sand.Then,the data were processing and analyzed by using time-domain analysis and spectral analysis methods,and the separation of direct arrivals of P-wave and S-wave,reflective arrivals of P-waves and S-waves signals of the tunnel seismic model were achieved.The results show that the acoustic-electric conversions signals is widely broadened,comparing with the spectrum of acoustic-acoustic signal.This is due to the receive electrode has limitation.As a consequence,the latter wave trains are much shorter,which greatly improves the signal resolution.Moreover,as the size of the receive electrode can be made in very tiny scale,usually its' diameter being about 2-3mm which is much smaller that of a acoustic transducer,the problems of model size and coupling et.at.,caused by large size of acoustic transducer with acoustic-acoustic measurement can be effectively solved,so that the observation accuracy of the seismic modelling are enhanced.
This paper introduces the mechanism of seismoelectric effect and its feasibility for stnding of tunnel seismic modelling.Using both acoustic-acoustic and acoustic-electric methods based on the same platform built by the virtual instrument technology,we have measured the direct arrival of acoustic-acoustic signals,the reflective acoustic-acoustic signals,the direct arrival acoustic-electric signals,the reflective acoustic-electric signals from a half-space tunnel model made with artificial frozen sand.Then,the data were processing and analyzed by using time-domain analysis and spectral analysis methods,and the separation of direct arrivals of P-wave and S-wave,reflective arrivals of P-waves and S-waves signals of the tunnel seismic model were achieved.The results show that the acoustic-electric conversions signals is widely broadened,comparing with the spectrum of acoustic-acoustic signal.This is due to the receive electrode has limitation.As a consequence,the latter wave trains are much shorter,which greatly improves the signal resolution.Moreover,as the size of the receive electrode can be made in very tiny scale,usually its' diameter being about 2-3mm which is much smaller that of a acoustic transducer,the problems of model size and coupling et.at.,caused by large size of acoustic transducer with acoustic-acoustic measurement can be effectively solved,so that the observation accuracy of the seismic modelling are enhanced.
引文
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[2]周黎明,伊健民,侯炳坤,等.弹性波反射法在地质超前预报中的应用分析[J].长江科学院院报,2008(25):61-64.Zhou L M,Yin J M,Hou B S,et al.Application of elastic wavereflection method in geologic advanced prediction[J].Journal ofYangtza River Scientific Research Institute,2008(25):61-64.
[3]鲁光银,朱自强.TSP在公路隧道超前地质预报中的应用研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2005(2):101-103.Lu G Y,Zhu Z Q.Application of TSP in the expressway tunnelgeological prediction[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2005(2):101-103.
[4]吴文荣.隧道超前预报及信息化施工应用技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.Wu W L.Study on Application Technology of Tunnel Predictionand Informational Construction[D].shanghai:College of CivilEngineering of Tongji University,2007.
[5]何振起,李海,梁彦忠.利用地震反射波法进行隧道施工地质超前预报[J].铁道工程学报,2000(4):81-85.He Z Q,Li H,Liang Y Z.Geological super-leading forecastduring tunnel construction by utilizing seismic response analysismethod[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2000(4):81-85.
[6]杨果林,杨立伟.隧道施工地质超前预报方法与探测技术研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(2):627-645.Yang G L,Yang L W.Detection Techniques and Methods ofGeological Advanced Prediction in Tunnel Construction[J].ChineseJournal of Underground Space and Engineering,2006(2):627-645.
[7]曾昭璜.隧道地震反射法超前预报[J].地球物理学报,1994(37):268-270.Zeng Z H.Prediction ahead of the tunnel face by the seismicreflection methods[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994(37):268-270.
[8]宋斌.隧道地震模型物理模拟研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木学院,2010.Song B.Studies of Physical Simulation in Tunnel Seismic Model[D].Chengdu:School Of Civil Engineering Of Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2010.
[9]Zhenya zhu and Tokoz M.N..Seismoelectric and seismomagneticmeasurements in fractured borehole model[J].69th SEG AnnualMeeting Expanded.
[10]zhenya zhu,Haartsen M.W and Toksoz M.N..Experimentalstudies of electrokinetic conversions in fluid-saturated boreholemodels[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1349-1356.
[11]Zhenya zhu,Haartsen M.W and Toksoz M.N..Experimentalstudies of electrokinetic conversions in fluid-saturated porousmedia[J].Journal of geophysical research,2000,105(B12):28055-28064.
[12]胡恒山,王克协.井孔周围轴对称声电耦合波:(1)理论[J].测井技术,1999,23(6):427-432.Hu H S,Wang K X.Coupled acoustic and Electromagnetic wavesaround a borehole embedded in a porous formation:Theory(I).WLT,1999,23(6):427-432.
[13]胡恒山,王克协.井孔周围轴对称声电耦合波:(2)声电效应测井数值模拟[J].测井技术,2000,24(1):3-13.Hu H S,Wang K X.Coupled acoustic and Electromagnetic wavesaround a borehole embedded in a porous formation::Numericalsimulation of acoustically induced fields(II).WLT,2000,24(1):3-13.
[14]胡恒山,王克协,等.基于简化的Pride理论模拟声电效应测井响应[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):259-264.Hu H S,Wang K X.Simulation of acoustic-electric well loggingbased on simplified Pride equations[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),2003,46(2):259-264.
[15]石困法.声电效应原理和初步实验结果[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):720-728.Shi K F.Seismo-electric effect theory and preliminaryexperimental results[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):720-728.
[16]Pride S R and Haartsen M W.Electroseismic Wave Proerties,J.Acoust Socam[J].1997,100(3):1301-1315.
[17]Mikhailov O V,Haartsen M W.Electroseismic investigation ofthe shallow subsurface:Field measurement and numericalmodeling[J].Geophysics,1997,62:97-105.
[18]Butler K E,Russell.Measurement of seismoelectric response froma shallow boundary[J].Geophysics,1996,61:1769-1778.
[19]Craig W.Hunt M H.Worthington.Borehole eclectrokineticresponses in facture dominated hydraulically conductive zones[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2000,27(9):1315-1318.
[20]袁蕾.声电效应在冻土动力学性质试验中的应用研究[D].成都:西南交通大学土木工程学院,2009.Yuan L.Electroseismic effect of in experiment andapplications studies of frozen soil dynamics Properties[D].Chengdu:School of Civil Engineering of Southwest JiaotongUniversity,2009.
[22]胡恒山,刘家琦,王洪斌,等.对波达波夫和Pride声电波方程组的对比分析[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):107-112.Hu H S,Liu J Q,Wang H B,et al.A comparison betweenPOTAPOF’s and PRIDE’s equations for seismoelectricwaves[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(1):107-112.
[23]zhenya Zhu,Mathijis W Haartsen,M Nafi Toksoz.Experimentalstudies of electrokinetic conversions un fluid-saturatedborehole models[J].Geophysics,1999,64:1349-1356.
[24]刘洪,李幼铭.对利用声电效应勘探油气水的几点看法[J].石油物探,1994,33(2):94-101.Liu H,Li Y M.Comments on exploring oil gas and waterseismoelectric effect[J].Geophysical Prospecting forPetroleum,1994,33(2):94-101.
[25]石昆法.声电效应原理和初步实验结果[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(5):720-728.Shi K F.Seismo-electric effect theory and preliminaryexperimental results[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):720-728.
[26]刘洪.声电效应研究在资源勘探中的应用前景[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):211-217.Liu H.The prospective application of seismoelectric effect innatural resources exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):211-217.
[27]裘慰庭.声电效应在油气勘探中的应用前景[A].北京:石油工业出版社,1996:640-651.Qiu W T.Application prospect of seismo-electric effect inpetroleum exploration[A].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress.1996:640-651.
[28]严洪瑞,刘洪,等.声电勘探方法在大庆油田的现场实验[J].地球物理学报,1994,42(2):257-267.Yan H R,Liu H,et al.Daqing oilfield experiment ofseismoelectric exploration[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(inChinese),1994,42(2):257-267.
[29]江万哲,章成广,周成当.震电效应在地球物理勘探中的应用[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,1:177-180.Jiang W Z,Zhou C G,Zhou C D.Application of Seismo-Electric Effect in Geophysical Exploration Prospecting[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2007,1:177-180.
[30]刘光鼎.中国油气资源企盼二次创业[J].地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):1-3.Liu G D.The second exploitation of the oil and gas resourcesin China[J].Progress In Geophysics,2001,16(4):1-3.
[31]范小平,杨从杰,李清河,田韬.声电效应研究进展与前景展望[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(4):364-368.Fan X P,Yuang C J,Li Q H,Tian T.Evolution andforeground of seismo-electric research[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2006,28(4):364-368.
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