区域非稳定动力学环境下的岩体松动效应
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摘要
区域非稳定动力学环境下,长期的构造变形、重力卸荷以及地震动力作用的共同影响,可以导致岩体发生大范围变形、松动。松动岩体内发育大量的软弱结构面,且表现出整体破碎、松弛严重、透水强烈,张性节理裂隙发育、地表裂缝较发育、岩体地震动力破坏信息反映明显等特征。岩体的变形松动可以分为卸荷变形松动、倾倒变形松动、顺层滑移松动、断层控制松动、节理裂隙控制松动等5种模式。岩体的物理振动试验结果表明,地震动力是造成岩体松动的主因。数值模拟结果表明,在单纯自重应力影响作用下,松动岩体不会出现大面积的失稳破坏现象,但在地震动力作用下,松动岩体会发生大面积屈服破坏。
Collective effect of long-term structure deformation,unloading and earthquake can result in large-scale deformation and looseness of rock mass under the dynamic condition of regional stability.Large number of weak structural planes developed in relaxed rock mass.The rock mass is completely cracked,very relaxed,highly permeable.Much open-joint and ground fissure exist in the rock mass.The information of the rock breakage is very distinct under the paleo-earthquake.Deformation-relaxed types of relaxed rock mass may be divided simply into five models:i.e.unloading deform-relaxation,toppling deform-relaxation,bedding-slip relaxation,deform-relaxation controlled by faults and relaxation controlled by cranny /joint.The vibration test of dynamic models of rock mass indicates that the earthquake power is the main factor of relaxed effect of the rock mass.The result of numerical simulation shows that large-scale Instability and failure would not occur in the relaxed rock mass under self-weight stress,but it would occur under the earthquake power.
Collective effect of long-term structure deformation,unloading and earthquake can result in large-scale deformation and looseness of rock mass under the dynamic condition of regional stability.Large number of weak structural planes developed in relaxed rock mass.The rock mass is completely cracked,very relaxed,highly permeable.Much open-joint and ground fissure exist in the rock mass.The information of the rock breakage is very distinct under the paleo-earthquake.Deformation-relaxed types of relaxed rock mass may be divided simply into five models:i.e.unloading deform-relaxation,toppling deform-relaxation,bedding-slip relaxation,deform-relaxation controlled by faults and relaxation controlled by cranny /joint.The vibration test of dynamic models of rock mass indicates that the earthquake power is the main factor of relaxed effect of the rock mass.The result of numerical simulation shows that large-scale Instability and failure would not occur in the relaxed rock mass under self-weight stress,but it would occur under the earthquake power.
引文
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[2]彭建兵,马润勇,席先武,等.区域稳定动力学的应用实践研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Peng Jianbing,Ma Runyong,Xi Xianwu,et al..Research on ap-plication of regional stability dynamics.Geological Publishing House,2006.
[3]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Han Wenfeng.Study on important engineering geological problems about development of Heishan gorge on the YellowRiver.Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[4]陈立德,赵维城,编.一九七六年龙陵地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Cheng Lide,Zhao Weicheng,et al..Longling earthquake in1976.Beijing:Seismological Press,1979.
[5]陈达生,周锡元,那向谦,等.云南澜沧—耿马地震震害论文集[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.Chen Dasheng,Zhou Xiyuan,Na Xiangqian,et al..Paper collec-tion on the Lancang—Gengma earthquake damage.Beijing:Sci-ence Press,1991.
[6]郭增建,马宗晋主编.中国特大地震研究(一)[M].北京:地震出版社.1988.Guo Zengjian,Ma Zongjin,eds.The research on extraordinarily big earthquakes in China(1).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988.
[7]国家地震局西南烈度队编.川滇强震区地震地质调查汇编[A].北京:地震出版社,1979.Southwest Intensity Group,CSB.Collection of geological survey in strong earthquake districts in Sichuan and Yunnan.Beijing:Seis-mological Press,1979.
[8]王克鲁,高振寰,徐嘉谟,等.龙陵地震震害与地质[J].地质科学.1978,(3):275～282.Wang Kelu,Gao Zhenhuan,Xu Jiamo,et al..The geology of earthquake disaster caused by Longling earthquake.Chinese Jour-nal of Geology1978,(3):275～282.
[9]黄润秋,王士天,张倬元.中国西南地壳浅表层动力学过程及其工程环境效应研究[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2001.Huang Runqiu,Wang Shitian,Zhang Zhuoyuan,et al..The dy-namic process of Earth’s superficial crust and its engineering envi-ronmental effects.Chengdu:Sichuan University Press,2001.
[10]彭建兵,马润勇,卢全中,等.青藏高原隆升的地质灾害效应[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(3):457～466.Peng Jiangsu,Ma Runyong,Lu Quanzhong,et al..Geological hazards effects of uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Advance in Earth Sciences,1998,19(3):457～466.
[11]彭建兵.中国活动构造与环境灾害研究中的若干重大问题[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(1):5～12.Peng Jianbing.Some important problems to be addressed in re-seach of active tectonics and environmental disasters in China.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(1):5～12.
[12]姜海波,苏生瑞,倪万魁,郭一民.陕北地区黄土节理对公路边坡稳定性的影响[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(3):360～364.Jiang Haibo,et al..Effects of loess joints on stability of highway slopes in northern Shaanxi.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(3):360～364.
[13]于国新,白明洲,许兆义.西安地区饱和软黄土工程地质特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(2):196～199.Yu Guoxin,et al..Engineering characteristics of saturated soft lo-ess in Xi′an region.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(2):196～199.
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