天然气水合物成藏机理及主控因素
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摘要
天然气水合物在世界范围内分布广泛,主要分布在海洋和冻土带地区,并与地质构造环境密切相关。目前已发现的天然气水合物矿点,主要是通过似海底反射地震显示进行识别的。天然气水合物的甲烷来源主要有生物气、热解气和无机成因气,大多数研究主要立足于甲烷气的成因来探究天然气水合物的聚集和成藏机理。分析了天然气水合物形成的主控因素,包括气源、沉积、构造、温压等条件,这些条件控制着天然气水合物的赋存状态、形成规律和规模大小,并对墨西哥湾天然气水合物成藏有利条件进行了分析,对我国天然气水合物的勘探有借鉴意义。
Gas hydrates are widely distributed in the world,mainly in the oceans and permafrost regions,and closely related with the geological and structural environment.Now,these gas hydrates deposits that have been found are mainly identified by BSR.The methane origin in gas hydrates includes biogenic,pyrolysis gas genetic and inorganic gases.The gas hydrates accumulation and mechanism explored by most researchers is mainly based on the genesis of methane gas.This paper analyzes the controlling factors of forming gas hydrates,including the gas source,deposition conditions,geological structural conditions,temperature and pressure conditions,etc.It is these that control the existing state,formation mechanism and scale of gas hydrates deposits.Also,this paper analyzes the favorable conditions of gas hydrate accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of being taken as a reference for China's gas hydrate exploration.
Gas hydrates are widely distributed in the world,mainly in the oceans and permafrost regions,and closely related with the geological and structural environment.Now,these gas hydrates deposits that have been found are mainly identified by BSR.The methane origin in gas hydrates includes biogenic,pyrolysis gas genetic and inorganic gases.The gas hydrates accumulation and mechanism explored by most researchers is mainly based on the genesis of methane gas.This paper analyzes the controlling factors of forming gas hydrates,including the gas source,deposition conditions,geological structural conditions,temperature and pressure conditions,etc.It is these that control the existing state,formation mechanism and scale of gas hydrates deposits.Also,this paper analyzes the favorable conditions of gas hydrate accumulation in the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of being taken as a reference for China's gas hydrate exploration.
引文
[1]公衍芬,曹志敏,郑建斌.天然气水合物的特征及识别标志[J].地质与资源,2008,17(2):139-147.
[2]沙志彬,郭依群,杨木壮,等.南海北部陆坡区沉积与天然气水合物成藏关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):89-98.
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[6]栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜,等.鄂霍次克海天然气水合物成藏条件分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(6):91-100.
[7]于兴河,张志杰,苏新,等.中国南海天然气水合物沉积成藏条件初探及其分布[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):311-315.
[8]吴时国,姚伯初.天然气水合物赋存的地质构造分析及资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[2]沙志彬,郭依群,杨木壮,等.南海北部陆坡区沉积与天然气水合物成藏关系[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2009,29(5):89-98.
[3]姚永坚,黄永样,吴能友,等.天然气水合物的形成条件及勘探现状[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):668-672.
[4]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1 762-1 771.
[5]付少英.烃类成因对天然气水合物成藏的控制[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):263-267.
[6]栾锡武,赵克斌,孙冬胜,等.鄂霍次克海天然气水合物成藏条件分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(6):91-100.
[7]于兴河,张志杰,苏新,等.中国南海天然气水合物沉积成藏条件初探及其分布[J].地学前缘,2004,11(1):311-315.
[8]吴时国,姚伯初.天然气水合物赋存的地质构造分析及资源评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
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