汤原断陷古近系扇三角洲沉积特征
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摘要
汤原断陷新安村组-达连河组中广泛发育扇三角洲沉积。根据岩心观察、测井和地震资料分析、岩性鉴定、粒度分析等资料,识别出扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、前扇三角洲3个亚相,并进一步识别出8个微相。从扇三角洲平原到扇三角洲前缘,不同沉积微相的沉积特征呈现规律性的变化:沉积物结构如支撑关系由杂基支撑到颗粒支撑,颗粒间由点接触变为面接触,颗粒分选由差到好,成熟度由低到高,沉积物的粒度由粗变细等;沉积层理构造由扇三角洲平原砂砾混杂的块状层理到前缘小型低角度的交错层理、波状层理等;概率累计曲线由扇三角洲平原的一段式、低角度两段式到扇三角洲前缘的斜率较大的二段式、三段式;在C-M图上,扇三角洲平原的点群多在C、M值较大的PQ段,前缘多在OR、RS段。在此基础上,结合岩心特征、粒度分析等资料得出扇三角洲的水动力机制主要为牵引流沉积,少量重力流沉积。
Fan deltas are widely developed in Xin'ancun and Dalianhe Formation of Tangyuan fault depression.According to core observation,well logging,seismic,lithology identification and grain size analysis,three subfacies including fan-delta plain,fan-delta front and pro-fan delta and eight microfacies are identified.From fan-delta plain to fan-delta front,the sedimentary characteristics of different microfacies changes regularly.The sediment textures such as the supporting type change from matrix-support to grain-support,the contact relationships between grains change from points to surfaces,grain separation from bad to good,the maturity from low to high,and the size of sediments from coarse to fine.The sedimentary bedding structures are massive bedding being miscellaneous in gravels that developed in fan-delta plain,and small-scale cross bedding with low angle and wave bedding developed in fan-delta front.The cumulative relative frequency curves are one-step and two-step type with low angle in fan-delta plain,but are two-step with steep slope and three-step type in fan-delta front.In the C-M diagram,the point group of fan-delta plain mostly concentrates in PQ section with large C and M value,and fan-delta front mainly concentrates in QR and RS section.Based on these studies,and combined with core characteristics and grain size analysis,it can be concluded that hydrodynamic mechanism of fan delta in this area is mainly traction current deposit,but gravity flow also plays some action.
Fan deltas are widely developed in Xin'ancun and Dalianhe Formation of Tangyuan fault depression.According to core observation,well logging,seismic,lithology identification and grain size analysis,three subfacies including fan-delta plain,fan-delta front and pro-fan delta and eight microfacies are identified.From fan-delta plain to fan-delta front,the sedimentary characteristics of different microfacies changes regularly.The sediment textures such as the supporting type change from matrix-support to grain-support,the contact relationships between grains change from points to surfaces,grain separation from bad to good,the maturity from low to high,and the size of sediments from coarse to fine.The sedimentary bedding structures are massive bedding being miscellaneous in gravels that developed in fan-delta plain,and small-scale cross bedding with low angle and wave bedding developed in fan-delta front.The cumulative relative frequency curves are one-step and two-step type with low angle in fan-delta plain,but are two-step with steep slope and three-step type in fan-delta front.In the C-M diagram,the point group of fan-delta plain mostly concentrates in PQ section with large C and M value,and fan-delta front mainly concentrates in QR and RS section.Based on these studies,and combined with core characteristics and grain size analysis,it can be concluded that hydrodynamic mechanism of fan delta in this area is mainly traction current deposit,but gravity flow also plays some action.
引文
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[16]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷中生界三种类型三角洲的比较研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):430-434.LI Wei-feng,GAO Zhen-zhong,PENG De-tang,et al.Comparative study of fan-deltas,braided-river deltas andmeandering-river deltas of Mesozoic Erathem in Kuchedepression,Tarim basin[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,1999,17(3):430-434.
[17]薛良清,Gallowa W E.扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):141-153.XUE Liang-qing,Galloway W E.Fan-delta,braid deltaand the classification of delta systerms[J].ActaGeologica Sincia,1991,65(2):141-153.
[18]顾家裕.中国东部古代扇-三角洲沉积[J].石油与天然气地质,1984,5(3):236-245.GU Jia-yu.Sedimentation of ancient fan-deltas inEastern China[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1984,5(3):236-245.
[19]刘牧灵.东北地区晚白垩世—第三纪孢粉组合系列[J].地层学杂志,1990,14(4):277-285.LIU Mu-ling.Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary palyno-assemblage sequences in Northeast China[J].Journal ofStartigraphy,1990,14(4):277-285.
[2]Peter D F,Rebecca J D.Rapid development of gravellyhigh density currents in marine gilbert-type fan deltas,Loreto basin,Baja California Sur,Mexica[J].Sedimentology,1998,45(2):331-349.
[3]Horton B K,Schmitt J G.Sedimentology of a lacustrinefan delta system,Miocene Horse Camp Formation,Nevad,USA[J].Sedimentology,1996,43:133-155.
[4]吴崇筠.湖泊砂体类型[J].沉积学报,1986,4(4):1-27.WU Chong-jun.Sand bodies in lake basin[J].ActaSedimentologica Sinica,1986,4(4):1-27.
[5]中国石油学会石油地质委员会.碎屑岩沉积相研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1988:162-181.Petroleum Geology Institute of Chinese Petroleum Society.Study of clastic sedimentary facies[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1988:162-181.
[6]张帆,王孔伟,刘立.依舒地堑下第三系地层格架与成因单元[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(1):112-119.ZHANG Fan,WANG Kong-wei,LIU Li.Stratigraphicsequence of Neogence System in Yi-Shu graben[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(1):112-119.
[7]柳蓉,刘招君,杨建国.汤原断陷古近系层序地层及沉积体系分析[J].世界地质,2006,25(4):367-372.LIURong,LIUZhao-jun,YANG Jian-guo.Characters ofPaleogene sequence stratigraphy and its sedimentarysystem in Tangyuan fault depression[J].Global Geology,2006,25(4):367-372.
[8]程立华,陈世悦,吴胜和,等.断陷湖盆陡坡带扇三角洲模拟及沉积动力学分析[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2005,25(4):29-34.CHENG Li-hua,CHEN Shi-yue,WU Sheng-he,et al.The simulation and sedimentary dynamic analysis of fandelta in the steep slope of fault basin[J].Marine Geologyand Quaternary Geology,2005,25(4):29-34.
[9]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷早三叠世三角洲相及伴生沉积[J].石油与天然气地质,1995,16(3):216-221.LI Wei-feng,GAO Zhen-zhong,PENG De-tang,et al.Early Permian deltaic facies and its associated sedimentsin Kuqa depression[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1995,16(3):216-221.
[10]刘宝珺,余光明,陈成生.西藏日喀则地区第三系大竹卡组砾质扇三角洲-片状颗粒流沉积[J].岩相古地理,1990,10(1):1-11.LIU Bao-jun,YU Guang-ming,CHEN Cheng-sheng.Sheet grain-flow-dominated gravel fan deltas of theTertiary Dazhuka Formation in the Xigaze area,Xizang(Tibet)[J].Lithofacies Palaeogeography,1990,10(1):1-11.
[11]Lopez-Blanco M,Marzo M,Pina J.Transgressive-regressive sequence hierarchy of foreland,fan-deltaclastic wedges(Montserrat and Sant Llorenc del Munt,Middle Eocene,Ebro Basin,NE Spain)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,138:41-69.
[12]盛和宜.粒度分析在扇三角洲分类中的应用[J].石油实验地质,1993,15(20):185-191.SHENG He-yi.The application of grain size analysis tothe classification of fan delta[J].ExperimentalPetroleum Geology,1993,15(20):185-191.
[13]朱筱敏,信荃麟.惠民凹陷西部沙三段三角洲和浊积扇砂体的粒度特征[J].华东石油学院学报,1987,11(1):10-18.ZHU Xiao-min,XIN Quan-lin.Grain size features of adelta and turbidite fan at third member of ShahejieFormation in Huimin depression[J].Journal of EastChina Petroleum Institute,1987,11(1):10-18.
[14]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1976:1-60.Chengdu Geology Institute Shaanbei Team.Theapplication of grain size analysis in sedimentary rock(material)[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1976:1-60.
[15]科林森J D,汤普森D B.沉积构造[M].付泽明,李惠生,译.北京:地质出版社,1988:1-91.Collinson J D,Thompson D B.Sedimentary structures[M].Translated by FU Ze-ming,LI Hui-sheng.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988:1-91.
[16]李维锋,高振中,彭德堂,等.库车坳陷中生界三种类型三角洲的比较研究[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):430-434.LI Wei-feng,GAO Zhen-zhong,PENG De-tang,et al.Comparative study of fan-deltas,braided-river deltas andmeandering-river deltas of Mesozoic Erathem in Kuchedepression,Tarim basin[J].Acta SedimentologicaSinica,1999,17(3):430-434.
[17]薛良清,Gallowa W E.扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲与三角洲体系的分类[J].地质学报,1991,65(2):141-153.XUE Liang-qing,Galloway W E.Fan-delta,braid deltaand the classification of delta systerms[J].ActaGeologica Sincia,1991,65(2):141-153.
[18]顾家裕.中国东部古代扇-三角洲沉积[J].石油与天然气地质,1984,5(3):236-245.GU Jia-yu.Sedimentation of ancient fan-deltas inEastern China[J].Oil and Gas Geology,1984,5(3):236-245.
[19]刘牧灵.东北地区晚白垩世—第三纪孢粉组合系列[J].地层学杂志,1990,14(4):277-285.LIU Mu-ling.Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary palyno-assemblage sequences in Northeast China[J].Journal ofStartigraphy,1990,14(4):277-285.
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