利用CFP技术解决复杂近地表问题综述
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摘要
复杂近地表条件会降低地震数据的质量,通常采用基于地表一致性的时移静校正消除其影响.但静校正与速度是密不可分的,而确定复杂近地表速度是非常困难的.基于CFP技术处理复杂近地表问题时避免了对速度的直接操作,使得静校正和速度的确定相互独立.首先根据叠前数据估算出波场的传播算子,然后依据等时原理在DTS模板中进行算子更新,再用这些更新的算子重建基准面和实现近地表单程时间成像.获得正确的算子振幅也是重建基准面的关键.
Complex near surface condition degrades the quality of seismic data.Conventionally we adopt the time shift static correction based on surface consistency to eliminate its effects.Velocity analysis and statics are coupled,but to determine velocity of complex near surface is quite difficult.Handling complex near surface problem based on common focus point avoid direct operation for velocity,which make statics and velocity be independent.Firstly we estimate operator of wavefield propagation by the prestack data,it updated operators DTS(different time shift)panel by the principle of equal traveltime,then make use of these updated operators to redatum and a one-way time image of near surface.Obtaining correct operator amplitude is also key to redatuming.
Complex near surface condition degrades the quality of seismic data.Conventionally we adopt the time shift static correction based on surface consistency to eliminate its effects.Velocity analysis and statics are coupled,but to determine velocity of complex near surface is quite difficult.Handling complex near surface problem based on common focus point avoid direct operation for velocity,which make statics and velocity be independent.Firstly we estimate operator of wavefield propagation by the prestack data,it updated operators DTS(different time shift)panel by the principle of equal traveltime,then make use of these updated operators to redatum and a one-way time image of near surface.Obtaining correct operator amplitude is also key to redatuming.
引文
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[5]Berkhout AJ.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅠ:Prestack migration in terms of double dynamic focusing[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):937～953
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[7]王锡文.利用共聚焦点方法消除复杂的近地表效应[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):260～265.Wang X W.Common focus-point method for elimination of complex near surface effect[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics.2004,27(4):260～265.
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[11]Kelamis P G.January20,2000,The CFP-approach to com-plex near surface problems[R]:Saudi Aramco and Delft Uni-vercity of Technology.
[12]匡斌,王华忠,季玉新,马在田.任意复杂介质中主能量法地震波走时计算[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):394～398Kuang B,Wang HZ,Ji Y X,Ma Z T.Main energy travel time calculationin arbitrary velocity distribution[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(2):394～398.
[13]Van Veldhuizen E J.Operator amplitude determination for CFP redatuming through a complex near surface[D].The Delft:Delft University of Technology,2002.
[14]Hindriks C O H,van Veldhuizen EJ,Verschuur DJ.Model independent,true amplitude redatuming for complex near surface effects[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.72th Ann.In-ter-nat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2002,2047～2050.
[15]刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,张向君,李幼铭.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):240～247.Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F,Zhang XJ,Li Y M.Spectral fac-torization of wavefield and operator in seismicinverse scatter-ing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):240～247
[16]李振春,张建磊,王延光,等.基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].石油大学学报,2003,27(4):27～31.Li Z C,Zhang J L,Wang Y G,et al.Prestack depth migra-tion based on focus point gather andits application[J].Jour-nal of the University of Petroleum,2003,27(4):27～31.
[17]李振春,等.基于共聚焦点道集的偏移速度建模及其应用[A].CPS/SEG国际地球物理学术会议论文集[C],2004.Li Z C,et al.Migration velocity model-building based on common focus point gather and its application[A].CPS/SEG International Geophysics Institute memoir[C],2004.
[18]俞国柱,姚姚,等.共聚焦点(CFP)成像技术述评[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):412～422.Yu G Z,Yao Y.et al.Reviewof commonfocus point(CFP)imaging technology[J].Petroleum Geophysics Exploration,2002,37(4):412～422.
[19]Bolte J F B.Estimation of focusing operators using the com-mon focal point method[D].The Delft:Delft University of Technology,2003.
[20]Bolte J F B,verschuur DJ.Aspects of focusing operator up-dating[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys,68th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1998,1604～1607.
[21]Claudia Vanelle,Dirk Gajewski.Traveltime based true-am-plitude migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2000,961～964.
[22]Tygel M,Schleicher J,Hubral P.Geometrical spreading cor-rections of offset reflectionsinalaterallyinhomogeneous earth[J].Geophysics,1992,57(8):1054～1063.
[23]Kastner U,Buske S.Computing geometrical spreading from traveltimes in3d[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.69th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1999:1739～1742.
[24]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487～491.Feng YJ,Yang C C,Wu P.The reviewof the finite-difference elastic wave motion modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):487～491.
[25]周竹生,刘喜亮,熊孝雨.弹性介质中瑞雷面波有限差分法正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):567～573.Zhou Z S,Liu X L,Xiong X Y.Finite-difference modelling of Rayleigh surface wavein elastic media[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):567～573.
[26]Berkhout AJ,Seismic imaging beyond depth migration[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1895～1912
[27]Ken Larner,Gabriel Perez,Ed Jenner,Trino Salinas.The quality of the surface-consistency assumptionin residual-stat-ics estimation[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.66th Ann.In-ternat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1996,1646～1649.
[28]Kelamis P G,Verschuur DJ,Berkhout AJ,Erickson K E.Velocity-independent datuming of seismic data[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.69th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Ab-stracts[C],1999,441～444
[29]Kelamis P G,Erickson K E,Taner M,Verschuur DJ,Berk-hout A J.CFP-based redatuming:Synthetic and field data examples[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2000,509～512.
[30]陈树文,刘洪.可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):365～369.Chen S W,Liu H.The usability of the wave-equation datu-ming for complicated geological body[J].Progress in Geo-physics.2002,17(3):365～369.
[31]王红落,陈中州,常旭.波动方程基准面延拓研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):230～234.Wang H L,Chen Z Z,Chang X.The recent progress in wave-equation datuming[J].Progress in Geophysics.2004,19(2):230～234.
[32]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,郑鸿明,薛为平,宋阳.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232～1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,Zheng H M,Xue WP,Song Y.Astudy on the application of the3-D wave-equation-datu-ming[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232～1240.
[33]王祥春,刘学伟.变换坐标系下相移法起伏地表地震波场延拓[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):677～680.Wang X C,Liu X W.Downward Continuing the Seismic re-cord of topography using coordination transformated method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):677～680.
[34]Rob F H,Jacob T F,Adri J WD.Using focusing operators to estimate velocity models[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1998,1608～1611.
[35]刘光鼎,张丽莉,祝靓谊.试论复杂地质体的油气地震勘探[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):683～686.Liu G D,Zhang L L,Zhu L Y.Seismic prospecting for oil and gas on the complex geological bodies[J].Progress in Ge-ophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):683～686.
[36]滕吉文.当代地球物理学向何处去[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):327～339.Teng J W.Where are the contemporary Geophsics of China going[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):327～339.
[37]张向林,陶果,刘新茹.油气地球物理勘探技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):143～151.Zhang X L,Tao G,Liu X R.Progress in oil geophysical ex-ploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):143～151.
[38]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):167～172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establis-ing velocity field and velovity riant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):167～172.
[39]佘德平,严建文,吴继敏.全波场地震勘探技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):472～477.She D P,Yan J W,Wu J M.The full wave field seismic ex-ploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):472～477.
[40]王典,刘财,刘洋,等.反射法地震勘探噪声消除技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):957～970.Wang D,Liu C,Liu Y,et al.Study of the noise elimination methods in the reflection seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):957～970.
[41]薛东川,王尚旭,焦淑静.起伏地表复杂介质波动方程有限元数值模拟方法[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):522～529.Xue D C,Wang S X,Jiao S J.Wave equation finite-element modelingincluding rugged topography and complicated medi-um[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):522～529.
[42]刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,张向君,李幼铭.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):240～247.Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F,Zhang XJ,Li Y M.Spectral fac-torization of wavefield and operator in seismicinverse scatter-ing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):240～247.
[2]Campman X,Riyanti D,Herman G.Statics and near-field scattering[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2001,2029～2032.
[3]Hindriks C O H,Verschuur D J.Common focus point ap-proach to complex near surface effects[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.71th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2001,1863～1866
[4]Shtivel man V,Canning A.Datumcorrection by wave-equation extrapolation[J].Geophysics,1988,53(10):1311～1322.
[5]Berkhout AJ.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,PartⅠ:Prestack migration in terms of double dynamic focusing[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):937～953
[6]Thorbecke J W,Common focus point technology[D].The Delft:Delft University of Technology,1997.
[7]王锡文.利用共聚焦点方法消除复杂的近地表效应[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(4):260～265.Wang X W.Common focus-point method for elimination of complex near surface effect[J].Progress in Exploration Geo-physics.2004,27(4):260～265.
[8]王成祥,赵波,张关泉,等.地下复杂介质地震处理中的CFP技术[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(1):30～34.Wang C X,Zhao B,Zhang G Q,et al.The CFPtechnology in seismic processing of complex media[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2003,18(1):30～34.
[9]娄晓东,曹谊,赵青.地震处理新方法—共聚焦点技术[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):7～17.Lou X D,Cao Y,Zhao Q.The common focusing point:A newtechnique in seismic data processing[J].Progress in Ex-ploration Geophysics,2002,25(5):7～17.
[10]李振春,张凯,张建磊,等.共聚焦点偏移成像方法研究[J].石油物探,2003,42(1):16～21.Li Z C,Zhang K,Zhang J L,et al.Commonfocus-point mi-gration[J].Geophysical Prospectingfor Petroleum,2003,42(1):16～21.
[11]Kelamis P G.January20,2000,The CFP-approach to com-plex near surface problems[R]:Saudi Aramco and Delft Uni-vercity of Technology.
[12]匡斌,王华忠,季玉新,马在田.任意复杂介质中主能量法地震波走时计算[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):394～398Kuang B,Wang HZ,Ji Y X,Ma Z T.Main energy travel time calculationin arbitrary velocity distribution[J].Chinese J.Geophys(in Chinese),2005,48(2):394～398.
[13]Van Veldhuizen E J.Operator amplitude determination for CFP redatuming through a complex near surface[D].The Delft:Delft University of Technology,2002.
[14]Hindriks C O H,van Veldhuizen EJ,Verschuur DJ.Model independent,true amplitude redatuming for complex near surface effects[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.72th Ann.In-ter-nat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2002,2047～2050.
[15]刘洪,袁江华,勾永峰,张向君,李幼铭.地震逆散射波场和算子的谱分解[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(1):240～247.Liu H,Yuan J H,Gou Y F,Zhang XJ,Li Y M.Spectral fac-torization of wavefield and operator in seismicinverse scatter-ing[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(1):240～247
[16]李振春,张建磊,王延光,等.基于共聚焦点道集的叠前深度偏移及其应用[J].石油大学学报,2003,27(4):27～31.Li Z C,Zhang J L,Wang Y G,et al.Prestack depth migra-tion based on focus point gather andits application[J].Jour-nal of the University of Petroleum,2003,27(4):27～31.
[17]李振春,等.基于共聚焦点道集的偏移速度建模及其应用[A].CPS/SEG国际地球物理学术会议论文集[C],2004.Li Z C,et al.Migration velocity model-building based on common focus point gather and its application[A].CPS/SEG International Geophysics Institute memoir[C],2004.
[18]俞国柱,姚姚,等.共聚焦点(CFP)成像技术述评[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):412～422.Yu G Z,Yao Y.et al.Reviewof commonfocus point(CFP)imaging technology[J].Petroleum Geophysics Exploration,2002,37(4):412～422.
[19]Bolte J F B.Estimation of focusing operators using the com-mon focal point method[D].The Delft:Delft University of Technology,2003.
[20]Bolte J F B,verschuur DJ.Aspects of focusing operator up-dating[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys,68th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1998,1604～1607.
[21]Claudia Vanelle,Dirk Gajewski.Traveltime based true-am-plitude migration[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2000,961～964.
[22]Tygel M,Schleicher J,Hubral P.Geometrical spreading cor-rections of offset reflectionsinalaterallyinhomogeneous earth[J].Geophysics,1992,57(8):1054～1063.
[23]Kastner U,Buske S.Computing geometrical spreading from traveltimes in3d[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.69th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1999:1739～1742.
[24]冯英杰,杨长春,吴萍.地震波有限差分模拟综述[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(2):487～491.Feng YJ,Yang C C,Wu P.The reviewof the finite-difference elastic wave motion modeling[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2007,22(2):487～491.
[25]周竹生,刘喜亮,熊孝雨.弹性介质中瑞雷面波有限差分法正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(2):567～573.Zhou Z S,Liu X L,Xiong X Y.Finite-difference modelling of Rayleigh surface wavein elastic media[J].Chinese J.Geo-phys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):567～573.
[26]Berkhout AJ,Seismic imaging beyond depth migration[J].Geophysics,2001,66(6):1895～1912
[27]Ken Larner,Gabriel Perez,Ed Jenner,Trino Salinas.The quality of the surface-consistency assumptionin residual-stat-ics estimation[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.66th Ann.In-ternat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1996,1646～1649.
[28]Kelamis P G,Verschuur DJ,Berkhout AJ,Erickson K E.Velocity-independent datuming of seismic data[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.69th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Ab-stracts[C],1999,441～444
[29]Kelamis P G,Erickson K E,Taner M,Verschuur DJ,Berk-hout A J.CFP-based redatuming:Synthetic and field data examples[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.70th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],2000,509～512.
[30]陈树文,刘洪.可用于复杂地质体的波动方程基准面技术[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(3):365～369.Chen S W,Liu H.The usability of the wave-equation datu-ming for complicated geological body[J].Progress in Geo-physics.2002,17(3):365～369.
[31]王红落,陈中州,常旭.波动方程基准面延拓研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):230～234.Wang H L,Chen Z Z,Chang X.The recent progress in wave-equation datuming[J].Progress in Geophysics.2004,19(2):230～234.
[32]杨锴,程玖兵,刘玉柱,郑鸿明,薛为平,宋阳.三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1232～1240.Yang K,Cheng J B,Liu Y Z,Zheng H M,Xue WP,Song Y.Astudy on the application of the3-D wave-equation-datu-ming[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(4):1232～1240.
[33]王祥春,刘学伟.变换坐标系下相移法起伏地表地震波场延拓[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(3):677～680.Wang X C,Liu X W.Downward Continuing the Seismic re-cord of topography using coordination transformated method[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(3):677～680.
[34]Rob F H,Jacob T F,Adri J WD.Using focusing operators to estimate velocity models[A].In:Soc.Expl.Geophys.68th Ann.Internat.Mtg Expanded Abstracts[C],1998,1608～1611.
[35]刘光鼎,张丽莉,祝靓谊.试论复杂地质体的油气地震勘探[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(3):683～686.Liu G D,Zhang L L,Zhu L Y.Seismic prospecting for oil and gas on the complex geological bodies[J].Progress in Ge-ophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(3):683～686.
[36]滕吉文.当代地球物理学向何处去[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):327～339.Teng J W.Where are the contemporary Geophsics of China going[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):327～339.
[37]张向林,陶果,刘新茹.油气地球物理勘探技术进展[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):143～151.Zhang X L,Tao G,Liu X R.Progress in oil geophysical ex-ploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):143～151.
[38]何际平,鲁烈琴,王红旗,等.复杂地区速度场建立与变速构造成图方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(1):167～172.He J P,Lu L Q,Wang H Q,et al.Methodology of establis-ing velocity field and velovity riant depth Mapping[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(1):167～172.
[39]佘德平,严建文,吴继敏.全波场地震勘探技术[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):472～477.She D P,Yan J W,Wu J M.The full wave field seismic ex-ploration[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2006,21(2):472～477.
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