小型可控震源在油页岩地震勘探中的应用试验
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摘要
随着世界能源资源的日益紧缺,作为油气资源的重要替代能源,油页岩的勘探和开发逐渐被提上了日程。为探讨小型可控震源在油页岩地震勘探中的应用效果,配合使用法国Sercel公司生产的428XL地震仪,于2011年在吉林农安油页岩矿区开展了PHVS-500型电磁式可控震源、随机控制的内燃机式冲击夯震源、VIBSIST-50可控震源、脉冲编码震源4种小型震源的应用试验研究。对比4种震源叠加结果,浅层的反射同相轴位置均在200 ms以内,4种震源剖面均清晰可见;在200～300 ms,PHVS-500和冲击夯震源可见2个清晰的反射层,VIBSIST-50和脉冲编码震源也可见2个反射层,但反映不足够清晰;300 ms以下深层反射同相轴均不太清晰,只有PHVS-500在300～400 ms可见较为连续的反射同相轴,且与钻孔资料显示的油页岩埋深相吻合。由此可见,4种震源均能较好地反映地下信息,说明小型可控震源用于浅层油页岩勘探是可行的。其中:PHVS-500分辨率和信噪比较高,且勘探深度较大;冲击夯震源组合勘探效果较好;VIBSIST-50浅层效果明显;而编码震源在分辨率、信噪比及勘探深度上都较弱。
With increasing scarcity of energy resources in the world,oil shale exploration and development have gradually being on the agenda as an important alternative energy of oil-gas resource.To study the performance of mini vibrators in the oil shale,The experiments of four mini vibrators carried out at Nong’an oil shale in 2011.The Mini vibrators are as follows: PHVS-500 electromagnetic vibrator,rammer source with internal-combustion engine,VIBSIST-50 vibrator and pulse coding vibrator.The seismic observation system used in the experiment is 428XL seismograph produced by Sercel company of French.Comparing the superimposed results of the four mini vibrators,In-phase reflection axises are clear within 200 ms on the seimic profiles of four kinds of vibrators;between 200ms and 300ms,two clear reflection layers can be seen from PHVS-500 and impact rammer source,the results are not obvious from VIBSIST-50 and pulse coding vibrator;over 300 ms,the in-phase reflection axises are not exactly clear for all kinds of vibrators,excepting that PHVS-500 have relatively continuous in-phase reflection axises between 300 ms and 400ms,and the result of PHVS-500 is consistent with the depth of the oil shale that the drilling data shows.So we can see that the four mini vibrators are able to better reflect the underground information from single shot records and seismic reflection profiles,indicating that mini vibrators are feasible for shallow oil shale exploration.PHVS-500 has relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and resolution,and larger exploration depth.The result of combined rammer source is better than single rammer source.VIBSIST-50 is fit for the shallow oil shale.Pulse coding vibrator is weaker in signal-to-noise ratio,resolution and exploration depth.
With increasing scarcity of energy resources in the world,oil shale exploration and development have gradually being on the agenda as an important alternative energy of oil-gas resource.To study the performance of mini vibrators in the oil shale,The experiments of four mini vibrators carried out at Nong’an oil shale in 2011.The Mini vibrators are as follows: PHVS-500 electromagnetic vibrator,rammer source with internal-combustion engine,VIBSIST-50 vibrator and pulse coding vibrator.The seismic observation system used in the experiment is 428XL seismograph produced by Sercel company of French.Comparing the superimposed results of the four mini vibrators,In-phase reflection axises are clear within 200 ms on the seimic profiles of four kinds of vibrators;between 200ms and 300ms,two clear reflection layers can be seen from PHVS-500 and impact rammer source,the results are not obvious from VIBSIST-50 and pulse coding vibrator;over 300 ms,the in-phase reflection axises are not exactly clear for all kinds of vibrators,excepting that PHVS-500 have relatively continuous in-phase reflection axises between 300 ms and 400ms,and the result of PHVS-500 is consistent with the depth of the oil shale that the drilling data shows.So we can see that the four mini vibrators are able to better reflect the underground information from single shot records and seismic reflection profiles,indicating that mini vibrators are feasible for shallow oil shale exploration.PHVS-500 has relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio and resolution,and larger exploration depth.The result of combined rammer source is better than single rammer source.VIBSIST-50 is fit for the shallow oil shale.Pulse coding vibrator is weaker in signal-to-noise ratio,resolution and exploration depth.
引文
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[10]姜弢,林君,李桐林,等.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1819-1825.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Li Tonglin,et al.Boosting Signalto Noise Ratio of Seismic Signals Using the Phased-ArrayVibrator System[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1819-1825.
[11]姜弢,林君,杨冬,等.相控震源定向地震波信号分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1551-1556.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Yang Dong,et al.Analysis of Di-rectional Seismic Signal Based on Phased-Array VibratorSystem[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1551-1556.
[12]Liu Guochang,Fomel S,Jin Long,et al.Stacking Seis-mic Data Using Local Correlation[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):43-48.
[13]金念.夯击震源地震勘探关键技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.Jin Nian.Study on the Key Technology of Mini-Sosie inSeismic Prospecting[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2006.
[14]王俊秋.Vibrometric:VIBSIST-50.http://www.vibro-metric.com,2011-09-01.Wang Junqiu.Vibrometric:VIBSIST-50.http://www.vibro-metric.com,2011-09-01.
[15]兰晓雯,张国宏.一种新型的城市浅层地震勘探震源[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4):316-321.Lan Xiaowen,Zhang Guohong.The New Urban ShallowSeismic Source Vibsist-50[J].Chinese Journal of Engi-neering Geophysics,2005,2(4):316-321.
[16]高健.脉冲编码可控震源信号设计与系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.Gao Jian.Signal Design and System Development ofPulse-Coded Impact Seismic Source[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[17]Barbier M G,Bondon P,Mellinger R,et al.Mini-SOSIE for Land Seismology[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1976,24:518-527.
[18]Barbier M G,Viallix J R.Pulse Coding in Seismic Pros-pecting:Sosie and Seiscode[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1974,22:153-175.
[19]Barbier M G,Viallix J R.SOSIE:A New Tool for Ma-rine Seismology[J].Geophysics,1973,22(4):673-683.
[20]罗福龙.现代地震仪器采集因素及其对地震信号的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):589-606.Luo Fulong.The Acquisition Parameters of the ModernSeismic Instrument and Their Affects on Seismic Signals[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):589-606.
[21]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌.延时参数对地震信号信噪比的改善[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1651-1656.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Chen Zubin.SNR Improvement ofSeismic Signals with Different Time Delays[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1651-1656.
[2]刘招君,董清水,叶松青,等.中国油页岩资源现状[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):869-876.Liu Zhaojun,Dong Qingshui,Ye Songqing,et al.TheSituation of Oil Shale Resources in China[J].Journal ofJilin University:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(6):869-876.
[3]车长波,杨虎林,刘招君,等.我国油页岩资源勘探开发前景[J].中国矿业,2008,17(9):1-4.Che Changbo,Yang Hulin,Liu Zhaojun,et al.Explora-tion and Exploitation Prospects of Oil Shale Resources inChina[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(9):1-4.
[4]刘招君,柳蓉.中国油页岩特征及开发利用前景分析[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):315-323.Liu Zhaojun,Liu Rong.Oil Shale Resource State and E-valuating System[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12(3):315-323.
[5]王永明,郭建军,刘宏.陕北三叠纪煤田勘探中油页岩的地球物理测井效果[J].陕西地质,2007,25(1):59-63.Wang Yongming,Guo Jianjun,Liu Hong.GeophysicalLogging of Oil Shale in Exploration of the Triassic CoalFields in Northern Shaanxi[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2007,25(1):59-63.
[6]张文忠,汤达祯,杨永毅,等.中国油页岩综合利用研究及工业前景[J].洁净煤技术,2007,13(6):5-9.Zhang Wenzhong,Tang Dazhen,Yang Yongyi,et al.In-tegrated Utilization and Industry Prospects of Chinese OilShale Resources[J].Clean Coal Technology,2007,13(6):5-9.
[7]林君.电磁驱动可控震源地震勘探原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-196.Lin Jun.Seismic Exploration and Application of VibratorDriven by Electromagnetic[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-196.
[8]王俊秋,林君,姜弢,等.可控震源地震方法在金昌铜镍矿区的应用实验[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(5):1617-1622.Wang Junqiu,Lin Jun,Jiang Tao,et al.Experiment andApplication of Controlled Vibrator Seismic Method at Jin-chang Copper-Nickel Mineral Deposit[J].Journal of JilinUniversity:Earth Science Edition,2011,41(5):1617-1622.
[9]Wang Junqiu,Lin Jun,Jiang Tao,et al.Comparison ofElectromagnetic Vibrator and Impact Coding Source[C]//The 3rd International Workshop on Intelligent Sys-tems and Applications.Wuhan:IEEE Press:135-138.
[10]姜弢,林君,李桐林,等.相控震源对地震信号信噪比的改善研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1819-1825.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Li Tonglin,et al.Boosting Signalto Noise Ratio of Seismic Signals Using the Phased-ArrayVibrator System[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(6):1819-1825.
[11]姜弢,林君,杨冬,等.相控震源定向地震波信号分析[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1551-1556.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Yang Dong,et al.Analysis of Di-rectional Seismic Signal Based on Phased-Array VibratorSystem[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(5):1551-1556.
[12]Liu Guochang,Fomel S,Jin Long,et al.Stacking Seis-mic Data Using Local Correlation[J].Geophysics,2009,74(3):43-48.
[13]金念.夯击震源地震勘探关键技术研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.Jin Nian.Study on the Key Technology of Mini-Sosie inSeismic Prospecting[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2006.
[14]王俊秋.Vibrometric:VIBSIST-50.http://www.vibro-metric.com,2011-09-01.Wang Junqiu.Vibrometric:VIBSIST-50.http://www.vibro-metric.com,2011-09-01.
[15]兰晓雯,张国宏.一种新型的城市浅层地震勘探震源[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4):316-321.Lan Xiaowen,Zhang Guohong.The New Urban ShallowSeismic Source Vibsist-50[J].Chinese Journal of Engi-neering Geophysics,2005,2(4):316-321.
[16]高健.脉冲编码可控震源信号设计与系统研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.Gao Jian.Signal Design and System Development ofPulse-Coded Impact Seismic Source[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[17]Barbier M G,Bondon P,Mellinger R,et al.Mini-SOSIE for Land Seismology[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1976,24:518-527.
[18]Barbier M G,Viallix J R.Pulse Coding in Seismic Pros-pecting:Sosie and Seiscode[J].Geophysical Prospec-ting,1974,22:153-175.
[19]Barbier M G,Viallix J R.SOSIE:A New Tool for Ma-rine Seismology[J].Geophysics,1973,22(4):673-683.
[20]罗福龙.现代地震仪器采集因素及其对地震信号的作用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(4):589-606.Luo Fulong.The Acquisition Parameters of the ModernSeismic Instrument and Their Affects on Seismic Signals[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(4):589-606.
[21]姜弢,林君,陈祖斌.延时参数对地震信号信噪比的改善[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(6):1651-1656.Jiang Tao,Lin Jun,Chen Zubin.SNR Improvement ofSeismic Signals with Different Time Delays[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2009,52(6):1651-1656.
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