AVO技术在气藏预测中的应用
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摘要
AVO技术以弹性理论为基础,对地震反射振幅随炮检距的变化特征进行研究,以达到利用地震反射振幅信息检测油气的目的。分析了AVO反演的技术流程,对无实测横波资料的井采用优化Xu-White模型进行横波预测,并对叠前地震资料利用蓝色滤波技术进行拓频处理。叠前AVO反演方法选择同步反演法,同时反演得到纵波阻抗、横波阻抗及密度数据体,在此基础上提取出各种弹性参数,结合区域地质和测井解释气层标准,达到岩性及气层预测的目的。通过将该技术在中国东部某区块的应用,证明所预测的气层厚度与测井解释结果的相对误差小于4%,预测精度较高。
Based on the theory of elasticity and the information of the amplitude variation with offset in the seismic reflection, AVOs (Amplitude Versus Offset) can be used to detect the gas and oil reservoirs. This paper analyzes the process of AVO's inversion techniques, where the optimized Xu-White model is used to predict the S -wave without observed S -wave data, the technique of blue filtering is used in the process of expanding frequency range before the inversion, and the method of synchronous inversion is used in the pre-stack inversion, at the same time in obtaining the inversion about P -wave's impedance, S -wave's impedance and the density, and as the results, extracting various elastic parameters, for forecasting the lithology and fluid content in reservoir pores, combined with the regional geology and log standard. The application of this technique in some zone in east China proves that the relative error of the thickness of the gas formation is less than 4 percent as compared with the logging interpretation result. The accuracy of predicting is dependable
Based on the theory of elasticity and the information of the amplitude variation with offset in the seismic reflection, AVOs (Amplitude Versus Offset) can be used to detect the gas and oil reservoirs. This paper analyzes the process of AVO's inversion techniques, where the optimized Xu-White model is used to predict the S -wave without observed S -wave data, the technique of blue filtering is used in the process of expanding frequency range before the inversion, and the method of synchronous inversion is used in the pre-stack inversion, at the same time in obtaining the inversion about P -wave's impedance, S -wave's impedance and the density, and as the results, extracting various elastic parameters, for forecasting the lithology and fluid content in reservoir pores, combined with the regional geology and log standard. The application of this technique in some zone in east China proves that the relative error of the thickness of the gas formation is less than 4 percent as compared with the logging interpretation result. The accuracy of predicting is dependable
引文
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[2]吴光大,徐尚成.AVO技术在柴达木盆地东部天然气检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊1):24-31.Wu Guangda,Xu Shangcheng.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1994,29(S1):24-31.
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[4]朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):499-503.Zhu Zhaolin,Zhao Aiguo.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):499-503.
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[6]王振国,陈小宏,王学军,等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194-197.Wang Zhenguo,Chen Xiaohong,Wang Xuejun,et al.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):194-197.
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[11]赵波,俞寿朋,贺振华,等.蓝色滤波及其应用[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(增刊):216-219.Zhao Bo,Yu Shoupeng,He Zhenhua,et al.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(Suppl):216-219.
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[14]Contreras A,Torres-Verdin C,Fasnacht T.AVA simultaneous inversion of partially stacked seismic amplitude data for the spatial delineation of lithology and fluid units of deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):E41-E48.
[15]Larsen J A.AVO inversion by simultaneous P-P and P-S inversion[D].Calgary:University of Calgary,1999.
[16]孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53-55.Meng Xianjun,Shen Guoqiang,Wang Yumei,et al.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(Suppl):53-55.
[17]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(1):37-41.Xie Yuhong,Wang Zhenfeng,Zhou Jiaxiong,et al.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(1):37-41.
[18]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68.Li Aishan,Yin Xingyao,Zhang Fanchang,et al.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):64-68.
[2]吴光大,徐尚成.AVO技术在柴达木盆地东部天然气检测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(增刊1):24-31.Wu Guangda,Xu Shangcheng.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1994,29(S1):24-31.
[3]史松群,赵玉华.苏里格气田AVO技术的研究与应用[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6):30-34.Shi Songqun,Zhao Yuhua.Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(6):30-34.
[4]朱兆林,赵爱国.裂缝介质的纵波方位AVO反演研究[J].石油物探,2005,44(5):499-503.Zhu Zhaolin,Zhao Aiguo.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):499-503.
[5]潘仁芳.AVO的内涵与外延[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2):50-55.Pan Renfang.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(2):50-55.
[6]王振国,陈小宏,王学军,等.AVO方法检测油气应用实例分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(2):194-197.Wang Zhenguo,Chen Xiaohong,Wang Xuejun,et al.Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(2):194-197.
[7]乔悦东,高云峰,安鸿伟.基于Xu-White模型的优化测井横波速度预测技术研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):100-105.Qiao Yuedong,Gao Yunfeng,An Hongwei.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2007,29(5):100-105.
[8]Xu S Y,White R E.A physical model for shear-wave velocity predicting[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:687-717.
[9]Castagna J P,Batzle M L,Eastwood R L.Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50(4):571-581.
[10]Greenberg M L,Castagna J P.Shear-wave velocity estimation in porousrocks:Theoretical formulation,prelimulation,preliminary verification and applications[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1992,40(2):195-209.
[11]赵波,俞寿朋,贺振华,等.蓝色滤波及其应用[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(增刊):216-219.Zhao Bo,Yu Shoupeng,He Zhenhua,et al.Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(Suppl):216-219.
[12]Hampson D P,Russell B H.Simultaneous inversion of pre-stack seismic data[C]//Society of Exploration Geophysicists,24th SEG Expanded Abstracts.2005:1633-1637.
[13]Margrave G F,Stewart R R,Larsen J A.Joint PP and PS seismic inversion[J].The Leading Edge,2001,20(9):1048-1052.
[14]Contreras A,Torres-Verdin C,Fasnacht T.AVA simultaneous inversion of partially stacked seismic amplitude data for the spatial delineation of lithology and fluid units of deepwater hydrocarbon reservoirs in the central Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2006,71(4):E41-E48.
[15]Larsen J A.AVO inversion by simultaneous P-P and P-S inversion[D].Calgary:University of Calgary,1999.
[16]孟宪军,慎国强,王玉梅,等.叠前AVA地震纵横波阻抗同步反演技术研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(增刊):53-55.Meng Xianjun,Shen Guoqiang,Wang Yumei,et al.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(Suppl):53-55.
[17]谢玉洪,王振峰,周家雄,等.多角度同步反演在南海西部气田开发中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(1):37-41.Xie Yuhong,Wang Zhenfeng,Zhou Jiaxiong,et al.Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2006,28(1):37-41.
[18]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌,等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探,2007,46(1):64-68.Li Aishan,Yin Xingyao,Zhang Fanchang,et al.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(1):64-68.
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