南海北部陆坡神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的流体运移体系
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摘要
通过新近纪断裂体系和底辟构造特征综合分析认为,底辟构造、高角度的断裂和垂向裂隙系统构成了南海北部神狐海域天然气水合物成藏的主要流体运移体系.神狐海域断层发育,可分为晚中新世活动的NW(NNW)向断层和上新世以来活动的NE(NNE)断层两组.NE向断层活动强度小,规模大,从下至上切穿上新世以来沉积层,组成高角度断裂和垂向裂隙系统.底辟构造在地震剖面上呈直立的、上小下大的烟囱状通道,局部横向扩张呈囊状、花状,形成大型的反射模糊带.底辟构造的发育在上覆沉积层产生了树枝状、似花状组合形态的高角度断裂和垂向裂隙系统,构成了良好的流体运移通道和疏导体系.当富含甲烷气体的流体通过底辟构造、断裂及裂隙系统垂向或侧向运移时,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物.
Based on the comprehensive interpretation and study of the Neogene fracture system and diapiric structure,it can be concluded that the diapiric structures,high-angle fractures and vertical fissure system are the main gas-bearing fluid influx sub system for gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu Area,northern South China Sea.The Neogene fractures widely developed in the study area may be classed into two groups.NW (NNW)-trending and NE (NNE) trending. The first group was active in the Late Miocene,while the second one was active since the Pliocene.The NE (NNE)-trending fractures were characterized by lower activity strength and larger scale,and cut through the sediment layers deposited since the Pliocene.Within the top sediment layers,the high angle fracture and vertical fissure system was developed.The diapiric structures display various types such as a turtle-back-like arch,weak piercing,gas chimney,and fracture (or crack,fissure).On the seismic profile,some diapiric structures show the vertical chimney pathway whose top is narrow and the bottom is wide,where some ones extend horizontally into pocket or flower-shaped structures and formed the seismic reflection chaotic zones.Within the overlying sediment layers of the diapiric structure,the tree branch,flowershaped high angle fractures and vertical fissures were developed and became the pathway and migration system of the gas bearing fluid influx.In the study area,the diapiric structures indicate a high temperature/over pressure system ever developed.Closely associated and abundant brightspots show the methane bearing fluid influx migrated vertically or horizontally through the diapiric structures,high-angle fractures and vertical fissures.In the place where the temperature and pressure conditions were favor for the formation of gas hydrate,the hydrate reservoir deposition sub-system was developed.
Based on the comprehensive interpretation and study of the Neogene fracture system and diapiric structure,it can be concluded that the diapiric structures,high-angle fractures and vertical fissure system are the main gas-bearing fluid influx sub system for gas hydrate geological system in Shenhu Area,northern South China Sea.The Neogene fractures widely developed in the study area may be classed into two groups.NW (NNW)-trending and NE (NNE) trending. The first group was active in the Late Miocene,while the second one was active since the Pliocene.The NE (NNE)-trending fractures were characterized by lower activity strength and larger scale,and cut through the sediment layers deposited since the Pliocene.Within the top sediment layers,the high angle fracture and vertical fissure system was developed.The diapiric structures display various types such as a turtle-back-like arch,weak piercing,gas chimney,and fracture (or crack,fissure).On the seismic profile,some diapiric structures show the vertical chimney pathway whose top is narrow and the bottom is wide,where some ones extend horizontally into pocket or flower-shaped structures and formed the seismic reflection chaotic zones.Within the overlying sediment layers of the diapiric structure,the tree branch,flowershaped high angle fractures and vertical fissures were developed and became the pathway and migration system of the gas bearing fluid influx.In the study area,the diapiric structures indicate a high temperature/over pressure system ever developed.Closely associated and abundant brightspots show the methane bearing fluid influx migrated vertically or horizontally through the diapiric structures,high-angle fractures and vertical fissures.In the place where the temperature and pressure conditions were favor for the formation of gas hydrate,the hydrate reservoir deposition sub-system was developed.
引文
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