现今塔里木克拉通岩石圈厚度分析及机制探讨
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摘要
塔里木盆地是青藏高原周边稳定的克拉通陆块,在印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞过程中一直保持稳定,盆地内部没有发生强烈的变形,其地壳热状态也同样保持稳定,地温梯度没有明显的变化,以热力学为基础的岩石圈热学厚度约为250km左右,该厚度是热稳态岩石圈的厚度。而最新的地震热学方法的研究成果表明塔里木盆地的岩石圈厚度仅为150km左右,这表明塔里木盆地岩石圈的热结构可能并不是处于稳态状态,其底部正在或已经发生了减薄。本文利用构造热演化方法对塔里木岩石圈减薄的热演化过程进行了定量分析,探讨了塔里木盆地岩石圈减薄可能的三种机制:印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后青藏高原岩石圈底部的软流圈较塔里木盆地岩石圈底部的软流圈的温度要高,青藏高原的软流圈地幔向塔里木盆地岩石圈底部侵入形成的热扰动使得塔里木盆地岩石圈底部的温度升高;塔里木岩石圈与其下流动的软流圈的摩擦剪切生热导致其岩石圈地幔底部温度升高,使得岩石圈底部发生热侵蚀,从而使得与软流圈接触的岩石圈地幔不断地加入到软流圈地幔;在塔里木盆地岩石圈的下部,青藏高原的岩石圈在该处发生了拆沉,从而诱发的软流圈地幔对流,上升的软流圈地幔流使得岩石圈地幔的温度升高而熔融,成为软流圈地幔。
Tarim basin is the craton block south to the Qinghai—Xizang(Qinghai—Tibet) plateau, which didn’t deformed intensively and kept stable and the geothermal state was also not changed abruptly during the collision between Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. The geothermal lithosphere is about 250km thick, which is determined by the surface heat flow and the lithosphere thermal parameters when the thermal state is steady. Whereas the seismic thermal lithosphere is about 150km thick, which means the Tarim lithosphere is not steady and became thinner. In this paper, writers analyzed the Tarim lithosphere thinning mechanism based on the tectonic thermal evolution quantitative method, and discussed three possibilities:the hotter India asthenosphere intruded under the Tarim lithosphere and made the Tarim lithosphere became unsteady;the bottom of Tarim lithosphere is heated by friction of the atheonosphere flow and washed off by the hot asthenosphere; the Xizang (Tibet) lithosphere delamination induced the convection, and the upflowing mentle heated the bottom of the Tarim lithosphere and make it enthinning.
Tarim basin is the craton block south to the Qinghai—Xizang(Qinghai—Tibet) plateau, which didn’t deformed intensively and kept stable and the geothermal state was also not changed abruptly during the collision between Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate. The geothermal lithosphere is about 250km thick, which is determined by the surface heat flow and the lithosphere thermal parameters when the thermal state is steady. Whereas the seismic thermal lithosphere is about 150km thick, which means the Tarim lithosphere is not steady and became thinner. In this paper, writers analyzed the Tarim lithosphere thinning mechanism based on the tectonic thermal evolution quantitative method, and discussed three possibilities:the hotter India asthenosphere intruded under the Tarim lithosphere and made the Tarim lithosphere became unsteady;the bottom of Tarim lithosphere is heated by friction of the atheonosphere flow and washed off by the hot asthenosphere; the Xizang (Tibet) lithosphere delamination induced the convection, and the upflowing mentle heated the bottom of the Tarim lithosphere and make it enthinning.
引文
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范桃园,石耀霖.2001.大别—苏鲁超高压变质岩P—T—t轨迹的动力学模拟.地球物理学报,44(5):627~735.
葛肖虹,刘俊来.2000.被肢解的“西域克拉通”.岩石学报,16(1):59~66.
李才,胡敬仁,翟庆国,等.2007.印度与亚洲板块碰撞及碰撞时限的新证据——日喀则卡堆蓝片岩Ar-Ar定年.地质通报,26(10):1299~1303.
李成,王良书,郭随平.2000.塔里木盆地热演化.石油学报,21(3):13~17.
刘绍文,王良书,李成.2003.塔里木北缘岩石圈热—流变结构及其地球动力学意义.中国科学(D辑):地球科学,33(9):852~863.
刘绍文,王良书,李成.2006.塔里木盆地岩石圈热—流变学结构和新生代热体制.地质学报,80(3):344~350.
莫宣学,赵志丹,周肃等.2007.印度—亚洲大陆碰撞的时限.地质通报,26(10):1240~1244.
邱楠生,金之钧,李京昌.2002.塔里木盆地热演化分析中热史波动模型初探.地球物理学报,45(3):398~406.
王良书,李成,杨春.1996.塔里木盆地岩石层热结构特征.地球物理学报,39(6):795~803.
汪洋,汪集1,熊亮萍,等.中国大陆主要地质构造单元岩石圈地热特征.地球学报,2001,22(1):17~22.
易桂喜,姚华建,朱介寿,等.,2008.中国大陆及邻区Rayleigh面波相速度分布特征.地球物理学报,51(2):402~411
张家茹,邵学钟,范会吉.1998.塔里木盆地中部地震转换波测深及其解释.地震地质,20(1):34~42.
朱介寿,曹家敏,蔡学林.2002.东亚及西太平洋边缘海高分辨率面波层析成像.地球物理学报,45(5):646~664.
朱守彪,石耀霖.2005.青藏高原地形扩展力以及下地壳对上地壳的拖曳力的遗传有限单元法反演.北京大学学报(自然科学版),41(2):225~234.
An Meijian and Shi Yaolin.2006.Lithospheric thickness of theChinese continent.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,159:257~266.
Beaumont C,Jamieson R A,Nguyen M H,Medvedev S.2004.Crustal channel flows:1.Numerical models with applications to the tectonics of the Hi malayan Tibetan orogen.J.Geophys.Res.,109(B06406),doi:10.1029/2003JB002809.
Beaumont C,Jamieson R A,Nguyen M H.2001.Hi malayantectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity channelcoupled tofocused surface denudation.Nature,414:738~742.
Goes S,Govers R and Vacher P.2000.Shallow mantletemperatures under Europe from P and S wave tomography.J.Geophys.Res.,105(B5):11153~11169.
Huang Zhongxian,Su Wei,Peng Yanju,Zheng Yuejun,Li Hongyi.2003.Rayleigh wave tomography of China and adjacentregions.J.Geophys.Res.,108(B2):2073.
Mareschal J C and Jaupart C.2004.Variations of surface heat flowand lithospheric thermal structure beneath the North Americancraton.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,223:65~77.
Turcotte D L and Schubert G.2002.Geodynamics(2nd ed.).Cambrige:Cambrige University Press.
Wang Yang.2001.Heat flow pattern and lateral variations oflithosphere strength in China mainland:constraints on activedeformation.Phys.Earth Planet.Inter.,126:121~146.
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