复杂地表条件下高斯波束叠前深度偏移(英文)
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摘要
在复杂地表条件的区域,地震数据的采集和处理是一项极大的挑战。虽然可以通过静校正来消除起伏地表的影响,然而当地表高程以及近地表速度剧烈变化时,简单的垂直时移对地震波场造成的畸变会严重降低偏移成像的质量。基于射线的偏移方法可以直接在起伏地表面进行波场的延拓成像,是解决上述问题的有效手段。本文针对复杂地表条件下的高斯波束叠前深度偏移进行研究,对倾斜叠加公式进行修改,使之包含地表高程以及速度的信息,通过直接在复杂地表面进行平面波的合成,得到了一种具有更高成像精度的改进方法。首先简单介绍常规高斯波束偏移的基本原理和计算流程,并以此为基础,给出复杂地表条件下高斯波束偏移原有的实现方法以及本文的改进方法,最后通过模型和实际资料的试算验证本文方法的有效性。
In areas with a complex surface,the acquisition and processing of seismic data is a great challenge.Although elevation-static corrections can be used to eliminate the influences of topography,the distortions of seismic wavefields caused by simple vertical time shifts still greatly degrade the quality of the migrated images.Ray-based migration methods which can extrapolate and image the wavefields directly from the rugged topography are efficient ways to solve the problems mentioned above.In this paper,we carry out a study of prestack Gaussian beam depth migration under complex surface conditions.We modify the slant stack formula in order to contain the information of surface elevations and get an improved method with more accuracy by compositing local plane-wave components directly from the complex surface.First,we introduce the basic rules and computational procedures of conventional Gaussian beam migration.Then,we give the original method of Gaussian beam migration under complex surface conditions and an improved method in this paper.Finally,we validate the effectiveness of the improved method with trials of model and real data.
In areas with a complex surface,the acquisition and processing of seismic data is a great challenge.Although elevation-static corrections can be used to eliminate the influences of topography,the distortions of seismic wavefields caused by simple vertical time shifts still greatly degrade the quality of the migrated images.Ray-based migration methods which can extrapolate and image the wavefields directly from the rugged topography are efficient ways to solve the problems mentioned above.In this paper,we carry out a study of prestack Gaussian beam depth migration under complex surface conditions.We modify the slant stack formula in order to contain the information of surface elevations and get an improved method with more accuracy by compositing local plane-wave components directly from the complex surface.First,we introduce the basic rules and computational procedures of conventional Gaussian beam migration.Then,we give the original method of Gaussian beam migration under complex surface conditions and an improved method in this paper.Finally,we validate the effectiveness of the improved method with trials of model and real data.
引文
Beasley,C.,and Lynn,W.,1992,The zero velocity layer:Geophysics,57(11),1435-1443.
Berryhill,J.R.,1979,Wave-equation datuming:Geophysics,44(8),1329-1341.
-1984,Wave-equation datuming before stack:Geophysics,49(11),2064-2066.
Bevc,D.,1997,Flooding the topography:Wave-equation datuming of land data with rugged acquisition topography:Geophysics,62(5),1558-1569.
Gray,S.H.,2005,Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records:Geophysics,70(4),S71-S77.
-2009,True-amplitude Gaussian-beam migration:Geophysics,74(2),S11-S23.
Gray,S.H.,and Bleistein,N.,2009,True-amplitude Gaussian-beam migration:Geophysics,74(2),S11-S23.
Gray,S.H.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1995,Migration from topography:Improving the near-surface image:Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics,31(1-2),18-24.
He,Y.,and Wang,H.Z.,2002,Pre-stack wave equation depth migration for irregular topography:Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese):25(3),13-19.
Hill,N.R.,1990,Gaussian beam migration:Geophysics,55(11),1416-1428.
-2001,Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration:Geophysics,66(4),1240-1250.
Jager,C.,Hertweck,T.,and Spiner,M.,2003,True-amplitude Kirchhoff migration from topograpphy:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,909-913.
Nowack,R.L.,Sen,M.K.,and Stoffa,P.L.,2003,Gaussian beam migration for sparse common-shot and common-receiver data:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1114-1117.
Reshef,M.,1991,Depth migration from irregular surface with the depth extrapolation methods:Geophysics,56(1):119-122.
Schneider,W.A.,Phillip,L.D.,and Paal,E.F.,1995,Wave-equation velocity replacement of the low-velocity layer for overthrust-belt data:Geophysics,60(2),573-579.
Shragge,J.,and Sava,P.,2005,Wave-equation migration from topography:75th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1842-1846.
Wiggins,J.W.,1984,Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data:Geophysics,49(8),1239-1248.
Yang,K.,Wang,H.Z.,and Ma,Z.T.,1999,Wave equation datuming from irregular surfaces using fi nite difference scheme:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1842-1846.
Yilmaz,W.,and Lucas,D.,1986,Pre-stack layer replacement:Geophysics,51(7),1355-1369.
Zhu,T.F.,Gray,S.H.,and Wang,D.L.,2007,Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration in anisotropic media:Geophysics,72(3),S133-S138.
Berryhill,J.R.,1979,Wave-equation datuming:Geophysics,44(8),1329-1341.
-1984,Wave-equation datuming before stack:Geophysics,49(11),2064-2066.
Bevc,D.,1997,Flooding the topography:Wave-equation datuming of land data with rugged acquisition topography:Geophysics,62(5),1558-1569.
Gray,S.H.,2005,Gaussian beam migration of common-shot records:Geophysics,70(4),S71-S77.
-2009,True-amplitude Gaussian-beam migration:Geophysics,74(2),S11-S23.
Gray,S.H.,and Bleistein,N.,2009,True-amplitude Gaussian-beam migration:Geophysics,74(2),S11-S23.
Gray,S.H.,and Marfurt,K.J.,1995,Migration from topography:Improving the near-surface image:Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics,31(1-2),18-24.
He,Y.,and Wang,H.Z.,2002,Pre-stack wave equation depth migration for irregular topography:Progress in Exploration Geophysics(in Chinese):25(3),13-19.
Hill,N.R.,1990,Gaussian beam migration:Geophysics,55(11),1416-1428.
-2001,Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration:Geophysics,66(4),1240-1250.
Jager,C.,Hertweck,T.,and Spiner,M.,2003,True-amplitude Kirchhoff migration from topograpphy:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,909-913.
Nowack,R.L.,Sen,M.K.,and Stoffa,P.L.,2003,Gaussian beam migration for sparse common-shot and common-receiver data:73th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1114-1117.
Reshef,M.,1991,Depth migration from irregular surface with the depth extrapolation methods:Geophysics,56(1):119-122.
Schneider,W.A.,Phillip,L.D.,and Paal,E.F.,1995,Wave-equation velocity replacement of the low-velocity layer for overthrust-belt data:Geophysics,60(2),573-579.
Shragge,J.,and Sava,P.,2005,Wave-equation migration from topography:75th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1842-1846.
Wiggins,J.W.,1984,Kirchhoff integral extrapolation and migration of nonplanar data:Geophysics,49(8),1239-1248.
Yang,K.,Wang,H.Z.,and Ma,Z.T.,1999,Wave equation datuming from irregular surfaces using fi nite difference scheme:69th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Expanded Abstracts,1842-1846.
Yilmaz,W.,and Lucas,D.,1986,Pre-stack layer replacement:Geophysics,51(7),1355-1369.
Zhu,T.F.,Gray,S.H.,and Wang,D.L.,2007,Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration in anisotropic media:Geophysics,72(3),S133-S138.
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