柴达木盆地断裂发育特征及其动力学机制探讨
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摘要
以精细地震解释为依托,以平衡剖面技术为手段,对柴达木盆地的地质发展演化史及在不同构造动力学背景下形成的断裂构造系统进行了分析。分析表明,在"挤压+走滑"的区域应力场作用下,柴达木盆地形成北部、南部和西北部3大挤压走滑断裂系统,断裂以逆断层和走滑断层为主,并伴有少量的同沉积正断层、滑脱断层、反转断层等。平衡剖面复原表明,柴达木盆地断裂的形成演化主要有3类模式:(1)断裂在中新世(N1)定型;(2)断裂在上新世(N2)—第四纪(Q)期间发育形成;(3)在盆地形成演化过程中一直都在活动的长期发育的断裂。这些断裂的生成和发展经历了侏罗纪的扩张、古近纪的初步挤压反转、新近纪大幅度逆冲走滑、第四纪最终定型等阶段。
Based on the precise seismic interpretation and by means of cross-section technique,we analyze the geological evolution history of the Qaidam Basin and the unique fault structure system which was formed in different tectonic dynamic backgrounds.It is suggested that with the compressional effect and strike-slip regional stress,three fault systems(northern,southern and north-west) are formed in Qaidam Basin.These faults are reverse and strikeslip faultones mostly,and accompanied by a small number of synsedimentary faults,detachment faults,and inverted faults,etc.The restorations of the balanced seismic sections indicate that the generated times of the faults are different.Some of them are formed within Miocene;some are formed from Pliocene to Quaternary separately,and the others are active in the whole process of basin evolution history.These faults have undergone the expansion in Jurassic,the initial compression in Paleogene,the large amplitude compressional strike-slip in Neogene before they fell into patterns in Quaternary.
Based on the precise seismic interpretation and by means of cross-section technique,we analyze the geological evolution history of the Qaidam Basin and the unique fault structure system which was formed in different tectonic dynamic backgrounds.It is suggested that with the compressional effect and strike-slip regional stress,three fault systems(northern,southern and north-west) are formed in Qaidam Basin.These faults are reverse and strikeslip faultones mostly,and accompanied by a small number of synsedimentary faults,detachment faults,and inverted faults,etc.The restorations of the balanced seismic sections indicate that the generated times of the faults are different.Some of them are formed within Miocene;some are formed from Pliocene to Quaternary separately,and the others are active in the whole process of basin evolution history.These faults have undergone the expansion in Jurassic,the initial compression in Paleogene,the large amplitude compressional strike-slip in Neogene before they fell into patterns in Quaternary.
引文
[1]刘本培,李思田.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[C]//中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理.湖北武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.
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[3]段毅,彭德华,张辉,等.柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒油田E31油藏成藏条件与机制[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):150-155.
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[13]戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地构造样式的类型和展布[J].西北地质科学,2000,21(2):57-63.
[14]汤良杰,金之钧,戴俊生,等.柴达木盆地及其相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):676-682.
[15]王根厚,冉书明,李明.柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾—锡铁山左行逆冲断裂及地质意义[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(3):224-230.
[16]李玉喜,庞雄奇,汤良杰,等.柴西地区近南北向构造系统及其控油作用分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):65-68.
[17]周建勋.同沉积挤压盆地构造演化恢复的平衡剖面方法及其应用[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):15l-155.
[18]薛冈,卢华复,朱成宏,等.伸展区域平衡剖面法及其在构造分析中的应用[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):427-434.
[19]刘光炎,蒋录全.平衡剖面技术与地震资料解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):833-844.
[20]Erickson S,Hardy S,Suppe J.Sequential restoration and unstraining of structural cross sections:applications to extensional terranes[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,86(2):234-249.
[21]陈艳鹏,刘震,李潍莲,等.柴达木盆地油气成藏构造演化作用浅析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(4):43-47.
[22]胡受权,郭文平,曹运江,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造格局及在中、新生代的演化[J].新疆石油地质,2002,22(1):13-16.
[23]彭作林,郑建京.中国主要含气盆地类型[J].天然气地球科学,1991,2(6):253-257.
[24]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气藏的形成和勘探前景[J].天然气工业,1990,10(1):1-6.
[25]翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地力争油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
[26]彭作林,郑建京.中国主要沉积盆地分类[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2):150-159.
[2]吕宝凤,赵小花,周莉,等.柴达木盆地新生代沉积转移及其动力学意义[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):552-558.
[3]段毅,彭德华,张辉,等.柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒油田E31油藏成藏条件与机制[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):150-155.
[4]段宏亮,钟建华,马锋,等.柴达木盆地西部中生界原型盆地恢复[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):65-73.
[5]柳祖汉,吴根耀,杨孟达,等.柴达木盆地西部新生代沉积特征及其对阿尔金断裂走滑活动的响应[J].地质科学,2006,41(2):344-354.
[6]陈世悦,徐凤银,彭德华.柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(3):175-180.
[7]王步清.柴达木盆地新生代构造演化与沉积特征[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(6):670-672.
[8]方向,江波,张永庶.柴达木盆地西部地区断裂构造与油气聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,2006,27(1):56-61.
[9]余一欣,汤良杰,马达德,等.柴达木盆地断裂特征研究[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,20(3):11-15.
[10]姜波,徐凤银,彭德华,等.柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造变形特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(6):687-692.
[11]罗群,庞雄奇.柴达木盆地断裂特征与油气区带成藏规律[J].西南石油学院学报,2003,25(1):1-6.
[12]戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地新生代构造样式的演化特点[J].地质论评,2000,46(5):455-460.
[13]戴俊生,曹代勇.柴达木盆地构造样式的类型和展布[J].西北地质科学,2000,21(2):57-63.
[14]汤良杰,金之钧,戴俊生,等.柴达木盆地及其相邻造山带区域断裂系统[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2002,27(6):676-682.
[15]王根厚,冉书明,李明.柴达木盆地北缘赛什腾—锡铁山左行逆冲断裂及地质意义[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(3):224-230.
[16]李玉喜,庞雄奇,汤良杰,等.柴西地区近南北向构造系统及其控油作用分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):65-68.
[17]周建勋.同沉积挤压盆地构造演化恢复的平衡剖面方法及其应用[J].地球学报,2005,26(2):15l-155.
[18]薛冈,卢华复,朱成宏,等.伸展区域平衡剖面法及其在构造分析中的应用[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):427-434.
[19]刘光炎,蒋录全.平衡剖面技术与地震资料解释[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995,30(6):833-844.
[20]Erickson S,Hardy S,Suppe J.Sequential restoration and unstraining of structural cross sections:applications to extensional terranes[J].AAPG Bulletin,2000,86(2):234-249.
[21]陈艳鹏,刘震,李潍莲,等.柴达木盆地油气成藏构造演化作用浅析[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,30(4):43-47.
[22]胡受权,郭文平,曹运江,等.柴达木盆地北缘构造格局及在中、新生代的演化[J].新疆石油地质,2002,22(1):13-16.
[23]彭作林,郑建京.中国主要含气盆地类型[J].天然气地球科学,1991,2(6):253-257.
[24]顾树松.柴达木盆地东部第四系气藏的形成和勘探前景[J].天然气工业,1990,10(1):1-6.
[25]翟光明,徐凤银,李建青.重新认识柴达木盆地力争油气勘探获得新突破[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):1-7.
[26]彭作林,郑建京.中国主要沉积盆地分类[J].沉积学报,1995,13(2):150-159.
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