南海深地震探测的重要科学进程:回顾和展望
摘要
南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海之一,研究其深部地壳的结构对深入认识南海共轭边缘的构造属性、深海盆形成演化历史、含油气盆地的形成机制均具有十分重要的科学意义。南海地壳结构的深地震探测从构造区域上可分为南海北部陆缘、南海南部陆缘、南海中部深海盆等几个海域,在探测技术上经历了声纳浮标、双船扩展剖面(expanding spread profile,ESP)、海底地震仪(ocean bottom seismometer,OBS)探测3个阶段。特别是近20年OBS探测蓬勃发展,从南海北部、发展到南海南部、再到南海中部,从二维直线探测到三维网格探测。这些探测和研究得到了宝贵的深部地壳结构信息,为南海的形成演化理论提供了重要依据,同时也推动了国产OBS的应用和人才队伍的培养。而最新完成的深海盆三维OBS探测标志了一个新的历史阶段,具有非常深远的科学意义。
The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the biggest marginal seas in western Pacific Ocean.Research on its deep crustal structures would improve our knowledge on tectonic attributes of the conjugate continental boundaries,the formation and evolution of the SCS,and formation mechanisms of oil-and gas-bearing sedimentary basins.The deep seismic survey areas can be divided geologically into northern continental margin,southern continental margin,and the central deep ocean basin.The deep seismic experiments of crustal studies have gone through three stages,namely,the sonobuoy,two-ship expanding spread profile(ESP),and ocean bottom seismometer(OBS).Especially in the past two decades,OBS surveys flourished from northern to southern SCS,then moved to the central SCS.The survey patterns developed from 2D straight lines to 3D grid lines.These surveys and studies have provided invaluable information on deep crustal structures and evidence for the formation and evolution theories of the SCS.They have also pushed applications of domestically-made OBS and training of our scientific teams.The 3D OBS surveys in the deep ocean basin just finished recently marks a new historical progress and will have profound scientific impact on future research.
The South China Sea(SCS) is one of the biggest marginal seas in western Pacific Ocean.Research on its deep crustal structures would improve our knowledge on tectonic attributes of the conjugate continental boundaries,the formation and evolution of the SCS,and formation mechanisms of oil-and gas-bearing sedimentary basins.The deep seismic survey areas can be divided geologically into northern continental margin,southern continental margin,and the central deep ocean basin.The deep seismic experiments of crustal studies have gone through three stages,namely,the sonobuoy,two-ship expanding spread profile(ESP),and ocean bottom seismometer(OBS).Especially in the past two decades,OBS surveys flourished from northern to southern SCS,then moved to the central SCS.The survey patterns developed from 2D straight lines to 3D grid lines.These surveys and studies have provided invaluable information on deep crustal structures and evidence for the formation and evolution theories of the SCS.They have also pushed applications of domestically-made OBS and training of our scientific teams.The 3D OBS surveys in the deep ocean basin just finished recently marks a new historical progress and will have profound scientific impact on future research.
引文
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