基于分维和相关性的自动初至拾取技术及应用
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摘要
初至拾取是近地表反演的基础数据,采集的原始数据呈指数增长,尤其对于复杂山地采集的低信噪比单炮地震记录,越来越需要具有较高精度的自动初至拾取技术来完成巨大的工作量。这里采用了空变炮内和炮间的初至拾取时窗,实现了基于分维和相关性相结合的初至自动拾取技术。首先根据分形维的变化特征来判别地震波的初至走时;然后再根据拾取的是波峰、波谷,或过零点进行细微的调整,而对于山地采集的低信噪比单炮资料,还不能调整为最优;最后,在此基础上,将相关性技术应用于局部的初至最优化。实际资料的初至拾取结果表明:该方法能有效地改善初至拾取的精度。使用拾取的初至时间进行层析反演,并计算层析静校正量,可用于后续的处理。
The first-break of seismic wave is the basic data of near surface inversion. The size of original data has exponential growth, and the ratio of signal and noise (S/N) is low in the common shot point (CSP) gather data of the complex mountainous region. Therefore, the high precision automatic first-break picking technique is more needed to complete a great deal of the work. We combined fractal dimension with correlation method to realize the automatic first-break picking by using the space-variance time window in CSP gather and cross CSP gathers. Firstly, the first-break time of seismic data is distinguished on the basis of variation of fractal dimension, then, the subtle adjustment is operated according to peak, through, or crossing zero point, but for low S/N CSP data, the adjustment is not enough, so the correlation method is applied to local optimization of first-break time. The picked results of real data demonstrate that the technique can effectively improve precision of first-break picking. Tomography inversion is completed on first-break time, and static correct value is calculated for later processing.
The first-break of seismic wave is the basic data of near surface inversion. The size of original data has exponential growth, and the ratio of signal and noise (S/N) is low in the common shot point (CSP) gather data of the complex mountainous region. Therefore, the high precision automatic first-break picking technique is more needed to complete a great deal of the work. We combined fractal dimension with correlation method to realize the automatic first-break picking by using the space-variance time window in CSP gather and cross CSP gathers. Firstly, the first-break time of seismic data is distinguished on the basis of variation of fractal dimension, then, the subtle adjustment is operated according to peak, through, or crossing zero point, but for low S/N CSP data, the adjustment is not enough, so the correlation method is applied to local optimization of first-break time. The picked results of real data demonstrate that the technique can effectively improve precision of first-break picking. Tomography inversion is completed on first-break time, and static correct value is calculated for later processing.
引文
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[12]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明,等.S-变换初至拾取技术及其在复杂山区中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2):63.
[13]MANDELBROT B B.The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Company,1983.
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[2]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国,等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波[J].物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):309.
[3]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至[J].石油地球物理学报,1994,29(5):656.
[4]王金峰,罗省贤.BP神经网络的改进及其在初至波拾取中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术,2006,28(1):14.
[5]潘树林,高磊,周熙襄,等.基于单道边界检测和样条插值的初至波自动拾取[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):425.
[6]李辉峰,邹强,金文.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):151.
[7]常旭,刘伊克.地震记录的广义分维及其应用[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(6):839.
[8]韩小俊,施泽进,李亚林.利用分形维拾取地震初至的一种改进算法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):60.
[9]边国柱.自动拾取地震数据中的初至[J].石油地球物理勘探,1987,22(4):461.
[10]江玉乐,钟本善.折射波初至同相轴自动拾取[J].物探化探计算技术,1995,17(3):
[11]顾汉明,周鸿秋,张学强.初至时间的自动拾取[J].物探与化探,1992,16(2):120.
[12]邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明,等.S-变换初至拾取技术及其在复杂山区中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(2):63.
[13]MANDELBROT B B.The Fractal Geometry of Nature[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Company,1983.
[14]申维.多维自仿射分布及其在地球化学中的应用[J].高校地质学报,1999,5(1):59.
[15]李庆忠.怎样正确对待分形、分维技术?[J].石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(1):136.
[16]曾富英,李敏锋,申维.地震波初至拾取的分形研究[J].现代地质,2002,16(2):209.
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