都江堰庙坝地震高位滑坡特征与成因机理研究
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摘要
5.12汶川地震诱发了数以万计的滑坡,其中有一类地震高位滑坡呈现出不同于典型滑坡破坏运动模式,都江堰市虹口乡庙坝滑坡就是其中的典型代表。庙坝滑坡位于龙门山中央断裂带中段,滑坡方量约113×104m3。作者通过对庙坝滑坡详细深入调查和综合分析,力求揭示该滑坡的特征及形成机制,并且对该滑坡进行了详细分区。根据该滑坡的分区及动力特征,作者认为其形成过程可概括为:孕育-启动加速-高速运动-停积堆积。在孕育阶段,作者把强震对斜坡岩体产生的加速度耦合坡体结构解释了其高速剪出的原因,其成因模式类似于拉裂-散体滑移→拉裂-顺层滑移的空间组合;在启动→高度运动阶段,作者耦合该滑坡地形地貌,对抛射体进行了运动程式分析,该滑坡平均运动速度为20.1m.s-1,整个形成过程仅用了32s;在停积堆积阶段,作者耦合坡体植被及微地貌解释了上部堆积区(Ⅲ1)形成的特殊性。基于以上滑坡形成机制的分析,作者得出地球内外动力的耦合作用正是该地震高位滑坡形成的原因。
The 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake induced tens of thousands of landslides.The high landslide induced by the earthquake presents a unique mountain motion and failure model comparing with the landslide induced by gravity.The Miaoba landslide is a typical representative.The Miaoba landslide lies in the middle of the central fault zone of Longmen Mountains.The intensity of the landslide area is Ⅺ.The landslide volume is about 113×104m3.Through the field investigation and synthetic analysis,this paper strives to reveal its characteristics and formation mechanism.It takes a detailed partition of the landslide.According to the partition and dynamic characteristics of the landslide,its process can be divided into the following four stages:(a)the embryonic stage;(b)the starting and accelerating stage;(c)the high-speed motion stage;and(d)the stop and accumulation stage.At the embryonic stage,the reasons of the slope rock mass cutting out with high-speed are explained.The reasons are that the earthquake produced the acceleration coupling slope body structures.Its genetic model is the spatial combination of the crack-granular slipping and then the crack-bedding slipping.between the starting and accelerating to the high-speed motion stage,the paper analyzes the movement program of the projectile coupling the landslide topography.The research shows that the landslide from start-up to end only took 32s,and the average speed was about 20.1m·s-1.At the stop and accumulation stage,the paper explains the peculiarity of the accumulation(Ⅲ1)area formation coupling trees of the slope and micro-topography.Based on the above analysis of formation mechanism of the landslide,the paper obtains that the functions of coupling dynamic of the internal and external earth are the reasons of forming the high landslide induced by earthquake.
The 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake induced tens of thousands of landslides.The high landslide induced by the earthquake presents a unique mountain motion and failure model comparing with the landslide induced by gravity.The Miaoba landslide is a typical representative.The Miaoba landslide lies in the middle of the central fault zone of Longmen Mountains.The intensity of the landslide area is Ⅺ.The landslide volume is about 113×104m3.Through the field investigation and synthetic analysis,this paper strives to reveal its characteristics and formation mechanism.It takes a detailed partition of the landslide.According to the partition and dynamic characteristics of the landslide,its process can be divided into the following four stages:(a)the embryonic stage;(b)the starting and accelerating stage;(c)the high-speed motion stage;and(d)the stop and accumulation stage.At the embryonic stage,the reasons of the slope rock mass cutting out with high-speed are explained.The reasons are that the earthquake produced the acceleration coupling slope body structures.Its genetic model is the spatial combination of the crack-granular slipping and then the crack-bedding slipping.between the starting and accelerating to the high-speed motion stage,the paper analyzes the movement program of the projectile coupling the landslide topography.The research shows that the landslide from start-up to end only took 32s,and the average speed was about 20.1m·s-1.At the stop and accumulation stage,the paper explains the peculiarity of the accumulation(Ⅲ1)area formation coupling trees of the slope and micro-topography.Based on the above analysis of formation mechanism of the landslide,the paper obtains that the functions of coupling dynamic of the internal and external earth are the reasons of forming the high landslide induced by earthquake.
引文
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[8]USGS Earthquake Centre,2008,shake map.http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/global/shake/2008ryan/#Instrumental_Intensit.
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[10]许强,董秀军,邓茂林,等.2010年7.27四川汉源二蛮山滑坡-碎屑流特征与成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,8(15):609～622.Xu Qiang,Dong Xiujun,Deng Maolin,et al.The Ermanshan rockslide debris flow of July27,2010in Hanyuan,Sichuan:Characteristics and failure mechanism.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,8(15):609～622.
[11]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of Engineering Geological Analysis.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.
[12]黄润秋,刘卫华,龚满福,等.树木对滚石拦挡效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2897～2901.Huang Runqiu,Liu Weihua,Gong Manfu,et al.Study of trees resistance effect test on rolling rock blocks.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2897～2901.
[2]许强,李为乐.汶川地震诱发大型滑坡分布规律研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):168～177.Xu Qiang,Li Weile.Distribution of large scale landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):168～177.
[3]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153～166.Yin Yueping.Rapid and long run out features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(2):153～166.
[4]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109～116.Zhang Yongshuang,Lei Weizhi,Shi Jusong,et al.General characteristics of5.12earthquake induced geo-hazards in Sichuan.Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109～116.
[5]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131～141.Zhang Yongshuang,Shi Jushong,Sun Ping,et al.Coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes in the Wenchuan earthquake and example analysis of geo-hazards.Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):131～141.
[6]王运生,徐鸿彪,罗永红,等.地震高位滑坡形成条件及抛射运动程式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2360～2368.Wang Yunsheng,Xu Hongbiao,Luo Yonghong,et al.Study of formation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides induced by earthquake.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(11):2360～2368.
[7]许强,裴向军,黄润秋.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.Xu Qiang,Pei Xiangjun,Huang Runqiu.Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake.Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[8]USGS Earthquake Centre,2008,shake map.http:∥earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/global/shake/2008ryan/#Instrumental_Intensit.
[9]王环玲,徐卫亚.高烈度区水电工程岩石高边坡三维地震动力响应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5890-5895.Wang Huanling,Xu Weiya.3D dynamical response analysis of high rock slope related to hydropower project in high intensive seismic region.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5890～5895.
[10]许强,董秀军,邓茂林,等.2010年7.27四川汉源二蛮山滑坡-碎屑流特征与成因机理研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,8(15):609～622.Xu Qiang,Dong Xiujun,Deng Maolin,et al.The Ermanshan rockslide debris flow of July27,2010in Hanyuan,Sichuan:Characteristics and failure mechanism.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,8(15):609～622.
[11]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.Zhang Zhuoyuan,Wang Shitian,Wang Lansheng.Principles of Engineering Geological Analysis.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.
[12]黄润秋,刘卫华,龚满福,等.树木对滚石拦挡效应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2897～2901.Huang Runqiu,Liu Weihua,Gong Manfu,et al.Study of trees resistance effect test on rolling rock blocks.Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Supp.1):2897～2901.
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