陕西省麟游县丈八乡滑坡群的形成机理与堰塞湖危险性评价
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摘要
为探索黄土滑坡堰塞湖的形成机理与潜在的危险性,以宝鸡市麟游县丈八乡西坡滑坡为例,通过野外调查与室内测试计算,在简要分析宝鸡市麟游县工程地质背景和地质灾害分布特征的基础上,重点研究了麟游县丈八乡西坡滑坡群的形成演化过程、西坡滑坡堰塞湖的形成机理、西坡滑坡坝的稳定性、溃坝后的灾难性效应与潜在危险性。初步揭示:①丈八乡滑坡群集中塬边发育,受到黄土与下伏岩层接触关系的控制,降雨与地震作用是诱发滑坡的主要因素。②西坡黄土滑坡堰塞湖的坝体结构松散,但坝体宽,稳定性较好,在持续降雨的作用下有发生溢流溃坝的可能,但对下游甘肃省灵台县的威胁性小。③5·12汶川地震时在西坡塬边产生的地裂缝有继续扩展的可能性。
In order to explore the forming mechanism of Xipo loess landslide and assess the potential risk,taking Xipo landslide as an example,based on brief research into engineering geologic background and geo-hazard distribution,through field investigation and indoor sampling,this paper has analyzes the forming process of Xipo landslide,forming mechanism of the barrier lake,slope dam stability and post-collapse danger risk. It's primarily indicated that firstly the landslide is developed intensively at the edge of tableland and is restricted by contact relationship between loess plateau and its underlying rock. Rrainfall and earthquake are major inducements for landslide; secondly,the structure of Xipo barrier lake dam is relatively loose while the dam is wide and stable,in case of continuous raining,it's likely to overflow and collapse,while the danger for downstream Lingtai County,Gansu Province is fairly low; thirdly,ground fissure caused by 5.12 earthquake can possibly continue to expand along the western part of the tableland.
In order to explore the forming mechanism of Xipo loess landslide and assess the potential risk,taking Xipo landslide as an example,based on brief research into engineering geologic background and geo-hazard distribution,through field investigation and indoor sampling,this paper has analyzes the forming process of Xipo landslide,forming mechanism of the barrier lake,slope dam stability and post-collapse danger risk. It's primarily indicated that firstly the landslide is developed intensively at the edge of tableland and is restricted by contact relationship between loess plateau and its underlying rock. Rrainfall and earthquake are major inducements for landslide; secondly,the structure of Xipo barrier lake dam is relatively loose while the dam is wide and stable,in case of continuous raining,it's likely to overflow and collapse,while the danger for downstream Lingtai County,Gansu Province is fairly low; thirdly,ground fissure caused by 5.12 earthquake can possibly continue to expand along the western part of the tableland.
引文
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[23]刘东生,丁仲礼,郭正堂,等.黄土的物质成分和结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:84-118.
[24]胡广韬,张珂,毛延龙,等.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[25]张梁,张业成,罗元华,等.地质灾害灾情评价理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:20-25.
[26]张春山,吴满路,张业成.地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,12(1):97.
[27]马寅生,张业成,张春山.地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(1):7-10.
[28]赵法锁,戚炜,王艳婷.三向应力及湿度状态改变对非饱和黄土力学特征的影响[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(1):80-84.
[29]John R,Dymond Murray R Jessen.Computer simulation of shallow landsliding in New Zealand hill country[J].ITC Journal/the Interna-tional Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences,1999,1(2):122-131.
[30]Temesgen B,Mohammed M U.Natural hazard assessment using GIS and remote sensing methods,with particular reference to the land-slides in the Wondogene Area,Ethiopia[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part C:Solar,Terrestrial&Planetary Science.2001,26(9):665-675.
[31]谢全敏.滑坡灾害风险评价及其治理决策方法研究[D].武汉理工大学博士论文,2004:41-43.
[32]匡尚富.堰塞湖溃坝风险及其影响分析报告[J].中国水利,2008,16(1):17-21.
[2]王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1913-1922.
[3]殷跃平,潘桂棠,刘宇平,等.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:61-126.
[4]王志荣,王念秦.黄土滑坡研究现状综述[J].中国水土保持,2004,11:16-20.
[5]王念秦,张倬元.黄土滑坡灾害研究[J].兰州:兰州大学出版社,2005:15-98
[6]陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图说明书(1∶750000)[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1995.
[7]陕西省滑坡工作办公室.陕西省滑坡分布图、陕西省滑坡灾害预测图[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1995.
[8]孙蔚.堵江滑坡坝的溃坝方式模拟与环境效应分析[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(4):72-75.
[9]黄金池.堰塞坝漫顶溃口流量变化过程的数值模拟[J].水利学报,2008,39(10):19-34.
[10]聂高众.地震诱发堰塞湖初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2004,24(3):491-499.
[11]王念秦.黄土滑坡发育规律及其防治措施研究[D].甘肃省科学院、成都理工大学博士论文,2004.
[12]易顺华.群体滑坡的地质结构类型与发育特征[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1832-1836.
[13]罗宇生,汪国烈.湿陷性黄土研究与工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[14]徐张建,林在贯,张茂省.中国黄土与黄土滑坡[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1297.
[15]李连俊,姚仰平.结构性黄土临界状态力学特性[J].岩土力学,2008,29(1):63-68.
[16]陈存礼,高鹏.黄土的增湿变形特性及其与结构性的关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(7):1352-1359.
[17]刘红攻.黄土地区不同类型滑坡特征及影响因素[J].西北地震学报,2006,28(4):44-49.
[18]董书宁.黄土滑坡的空间预报[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,28(6):50-55.
[19]李同录.黄土滑坡发育类型及空间预测方法[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(04):500-504.
[20]文宝萍,李媛,钟立勋,等.黄土地区典型滑坡预测预报及减灾对策研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:13-39.
[21]宁社教.黄土塬大型滑坡成功预报基本做法[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,(6):110-115.
[22]杨为民.陕西宝鸡地区对滑式黄土滑坡的特征及其碰撞诱发机理[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1854-1861.
[23]刘东生,丁仲礼,郭正堂,等.黄土的物质成分和结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:84-118.
[24]胡广韬,张珂,毛延龙,等.滑坡动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1995.
[25]张梁,张业成,罗元华,等.地质灾害灾情评价理论与实践[M].北京:地质出版社,1998:20-25.
[26]张春山,吴满路,张业成.地质灾害风险评价方法及展望[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2003,12(1):97.
[27]马寅生,张业成,张春山.地质灾害风险评价的理论与方法[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(1):7-10.
[28]赵法锁,戚炜,王艳婷.三向应力及湿度状态改变对非饱和黄土力学特征的影响[J].地球科学与环境学报,2007,29(1):80-84.
[29]John R,Dymond Murray R Jessen.Computer simulation of shallow landsliding in New Zealand hill country[J].ITC Journal/the Interna-tional Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences,1999,1(2):122-131.
[30]Temesgen B,Mohammed M U.Natural hazard assessment using GIS and remote sensing methods,with particular reference to the land-slides in the Wondogene Area,Ethiopia[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,Part C:Solar,Terrestrial&Planetary Science.2001,26(9):665-675.
[31]谢全敏.滑坡灾害风险评价及其治理决策方法研究[D].武汉理工大学博士论文,2004:41-43.
[32]匡尚富.堰塞湖溃坝风险及其影响分析报告[J].中国水利,2008,16(1):17-21.
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