塔里木盆地巴麦—塔中地区晚古生代古构造演化及油气成藏分析
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摘要
本文基于钻井和地震资料绘制的巴麦—塔中地区上古生界古构造图,通过恢复巴麦—塔中地区的上古生界沉积厚度,阐述了油气进入储层后由古构造低部位向高部位运移的动态演化过程,了解了该区油气离开烃源岩或烃源岩区以后的运聚、聚集和散失情况。研究得到以下认识:①晚古生代时期巴麦—塔中地区隆、拗格局与现今相比有较大差异,巴楚隆起和塔中隆起在晚古生代已初步形成,石炭纪时两者呈北西向展布,塔中古隆起高点比现今隆起高点更偏西,两个隆起之间的和田河地区现今构造是一个低隆,但晚古生代时期却曾是古拗陷和鞍部,研究区南部南西倾的麦盖提斜坡在海西期是一个西深东浅的东西向拗陷;②东河砂岩顶面的古构造形态演化表明,满加尔拗陷生成的油气在白垩纪末期以前向北运移,无法在塔中隆起聚集,在新近纪以后才向南运移,被塔中隆起高点1号带和10号带的圈闭捕获形成油气藏,而构造较低的塔中隆起南坡圈闭无法捕获满加尔拗陷的油气,这可能是该区许多探井失利的原因;③麦盖提斜坡北部—和田河低凸是塔西南拗陷多构造期油气运移聚集区,塔中隆起高点及北侧是满加尔拗陷喜山期油气供给聚集区,塔中隆起东端是油气运移最终指向区,也是东河砂岩上倾尖灭带,以上区域存在多套储盖组合,是巴麦—塔中地区的有利勘探区。
From a paleostructure map of Bamai-Tazhong area in Tarim Basin based on drilling information and seismic data,and through the restoration of Neopaleozoic deposit thickness in Bamai-Tazhong,this paper elaborates that hydrocarbon,after entering reservoir,migrated from the ancient structure nose shaped salient to pitch up direction,and that the hydrocarbon migration,accumulation and dissipation were revealed after leaving source rocks or source rock area.The observations are obtained as follows: 1.The ancient uplift and depression pattern of Bamai-Tazhong in Neopaleozoic period was very different from nowadays,these two uplifts were preliminarily formed during Neopaleozoic,and had the NW extension direction during Carboniferous.The high point of Tazhong uplift was further west than the present time.Hetian River area between these two uplifts is now a low uplift,but it used to be an ancient depression and saddle.The SW Maikit slope was a WE depression which extended deeper from west to east.2.The top surface tectonic evolution of Donghe sandstone show that oil and gas generated in Manjiaer depression migrated to north before latest cretaceous,failed to accumulate in Tazhong uplift.Hydrocarbon migrated to south after neogene and was captured into reservoirs at the No.1 and No.10 high traps in Tazhong uplift,while low structure traps in the south slope of Tazhong uplift could not get hydrocarbon.This probably is the reason for a few dry holes.3.The north Maikit slope and Hetian River low uplift were migration and accumulation areas of multi-struture period.The high structure and the north side of Tazhong uplift were provision and accumulation areas to Manjiaer depression during himalayan period.The eastern area of Tazhong uplift was the final migration oriented area and also the updip pinch-out zone of Donghe sandstone,which consists of multiple sets of reservoirs,a favorable exploration area in Bamai-Tazhong.
From a paleostructure map of Bamai-Tazhong area in Tarim Basin based on drilling information and seismic data,and through the restoration of Neopaleozoic deposit thickness in Bamai-Tazhong,this paper elaborates that hydrocarbon,after entering reservoir,migrated from the ancient structure nose shaped salient to pitch up direction,and that the hydrocarbon migration,accumulation and dissipation were revealed after leaving source rocks or source rock area.The observations are obtained as follows: 1.The ancient uplift and depression pattern of Bamai-Tazhong in Neopaleozoic period was very different from nowadays,these two uplifts were preliminarily formed during Neopaleozoic,and had the NW extension direction during Carboniferous.The high point of Tazhong uplift was further west than the present time.Hetian River area between these two uplifts is now a low uplift,but it used to be an ancient depression and saddle.The SW Maikit slope was a WE depression which extended deeper from west to east.2.The top surface tectonic evolution of Donghe sandstone show that oil and gas generated in Manjiaer depression migrated to north before latest cretaceous,failed to accumulate in Tazhong uplift.Hydrocarbon migrated to south after neogene and was captured into reservoirs at the No.1 and No.10 high traps in Tazhong uplift,while low structure traps in the south slope of Tazhong uplift could not get hydrocarbon.This probably is the reason for a few dry holes.3.The north Maikit slope and Hetian River low uplift were migration and accumulation areas of multi-struture period.The high structure and the north side of Tazhong uplift were provision and accumulation areas to Manjiaer depression during himalayan period.The eastern area of Tazhong uplift was the final migration oriented area and also the updip pinch-out zone of Donghe sandstone,which consists of multiple sets of reservoirs,a favorable exploration area in Bamai-Tazhong.
引文
[1]蔡希源.塔里木盆地台盆区油气成藏条件与勘探方向.石油与天然气地质,2005,26(4):590~597Cai Xi-yaun.Hydrocarbon accumulation conditionsand exploration in Tari m basin.Oil and Gas Geolo-gy,2005,26(4):590~597
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[4]康玉柱.塔里木盆地油气藏(田)特征.石油实验地质,2000,22(2):115~120Kang Yu-zhu.Oil and gas reservoirs(fields)featuresin Tari m basin.Petroleum Experi mental Geology,2000,22(2):115~120
[5]LXiu-xiang,Yang Hai-jun et al.Oil and gas accu-mulation related to volcanic activity in Tari m basin-TaZhong47 oil fields as an example.Petroleum Sci-ence,2004,1(3):30~36
[6]徐汉林,江同文等.新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气的控制作用.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):175~178Xu Han-lin,Jiang Tong-wen et al.The new tectonicmovement of the control effect of oil and gas in Tari mbasin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):175~178
[7]陈恭洋.地层压实恢复的定量计算.江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(1):1~6Chen Gong-yang.Formation compaction quantitativecalculation of recovery.Journal of Jianghan Petro-leumInstitute,1996,18(1):1~6
[8]杨桥,漆家福.碎屑岩层的分层去压实校正方法.石油实验地质,2003,25(2):206~210Yang Qiao,Qi Jia-fu.The compaction adjustingmethod of clastic layer.PetroleumExperi mental Ge-ology,2000,25(2):206~210
[9]刘金华,姜在兴等.塔里木盆地志留系构造支撑点的一种定量计算方法.西部探矿工程,2006,18(7):136~138Liu Jin-hua,Jiang Zai-xing et al.A Quantitative methodof Silurian structure support points in Tari m basin.West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(7):136~138
[10]李奎文,郑爱民.沉积层古厚度恢复法研究.江汉石油科技,1992,2(2):16~21
[11]蒲仁海,姚宗慧等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化在气田形成中的作用及意义.天然气工业,2000,20(6):27~29Pu Ren-hai,Yao Zong-hui et al.The function andsignificance of tectonic evolution during gas formationin Ordos basin.Gas Industry,2000,20(6):27~29
[12]张振生,李明杰等.塔中低凸起的形成和演化.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28~30Zhang Zhen-sheng,Li Ming-jie et al.The formationand evolution of Tazhong lower uplift.PetroleumEx-ploration and Exploitation,2002,29(1):28~30
[13]刘长伟,王飞宇.塔西南坳陷北坡至巴楚凸起的生烃史.新疆石油地质,2002,23(2):121~123Liu Chang-wei,Wang Fei-yu.Hydrocarbon generation ofTaxinan syndeposition to Bachu uplift.XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2002,23(2):121~123
[14]李贤庆,肖贤明.塔西南坳陷烃源岩生烃动力学研究.江汉石油学院学报.2004,26(3):1~4Li Xian-qing,Xiao Xian-ming.Hydrocarbon-genera-ting dynamics research in Taxinan syndeposition.Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2004,26(3):1~4
[15]赵靖舟,庞雯.满加尔凹陷西部地区不整合分布与构造运动.石油实验地质,2001,23(2):149~153Zhao Jing-zhou,Pang Wen.Unconformity distribu-tion and tectonic movement in west area of Manjiaersyndeposition.Petroleum Experi mental Geology,2001,23(2):149~153
[16]冯乔.塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷地层埋藏史与有机质成熟演化.沉积学报,1997,15(1):172~176Feng Qiao.Formation and evolution of organic burialhistory of Manjiaer syndeposition in Tari m basin.Journal of Deposition,1997,15(1):172~176
[17]周海燕,庞雄奇.塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷周缘成藏体系定量评价.新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):382~385Zhou Hai-yan,Pang Xiong-qi.The quantitative eval-uation of reservoiring system of Manjiaer syndeposi-tion in Tari m basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(5):382~385
[18]曾清波,樊太亮等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩成藏组合分析及有利勘探区带评价.石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):385~389,420Zeng Qing-bo,Fan Tai-liang et al.Analysis of accumula-tion combination and evaluation of favorable explora-tion zones of Donghe sandstonein Tari mbasin.Jour-nal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(2):385~389,420
[19]Sun L D,Zhou X Yet al.Donghe sandstone subtle reser-voir exploration and development technology in Hade 4oilfield.PetroleumScience,2004,1(2):35~43
[20]赵重远,靳久强.含油气盆地流体流域系统及其油气聚集原理.石油学报,2009,30(5):635~641Zhao Zhong-yuan,Jin Jiu-qiang.Fluid drainage sys-tem of petroliferous basins and its hydrocarbon accu-mulation principle.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):635~641
[21]张水昌等著.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[22]许效松,汪正江等.塔里木盆地早古生代构造古地理演化与烃源岩.地学前缘,2005,12(3):49~57Xu Xiao-song,Wang Zheng-jiang et al.Early Paleo-zoic tectonic paleogeographic evolution and hydrocar-bon source rocks in Tari mbasin.Earth Science Fron-tiers,2005,12(3):49~57
[23]佘晓宇,施泽进等.巴楚—麦盖提地区油气动态成藏的运移通道.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(3):291~296She Xiao-yu,Shi Ze-jin et al.The migration channelsof hydrocarbon dynamic accumulation in Bachu-Maigaiti area.Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Natural Scienc),2004,31(3):291~296
[24]刘高波,施泽进等.巴楚—麦盖提地区的区域构造演化与油气分布规律.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(2):157~161Liu Gao-bo,Shi Ze-jin et al.Regional tectonic evolu-tion and hydrocarbon distribution in Bachu-Maigaitiarea.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Natural Science),2004,31(2):157~161
[2]赵靖舟.塔里木盆地烃类流体包裹体与成藏年代分析.石油勘探与开发,2002,20(2):21~25Zhao Jing-zhou.Hydrocarbon fluidinclusions and theaccumulation of years in Tari mbasin.PetroleumEx-ploration and Exploitation,2002,20(2):21~25
[3]康志宏,魏历灵等.塔里木盆地油气藏形成期分析.新疆石油地质,2001,22(6):462~464Kang Zhi-hong,Wei Li-ling et al.Analysis of oil andgas accumulation in Tari m basin.Xinjiang Petrole-um Geology,2001,22(6):462~464
[4]康玉柱.塔里木盆地油气藏(田)特征.石油实验地质,2000,22(2):115~120Kang Yu-zhu.Oil and gas reservoirs(fields)featuresin Tari m basin.Petroleum Experi mental Geology,2000,22(2):115~120
[5]LXiu-xiang,Yang Hai-jun et al.Oil and gas accu-mulation related to volcanic activity in Tari m basin-TaZhong47 oil fields as an example.Petroleum Sci-ence,2004,1(3):30~36
[6]徐汉林,江同文等.新构造运动对塔里木盆地油气的控制作用.新疆石油地质,2009,30(2):175~178Xu Han-lin,Jiang Tong-wen et al.The new tectonicmovement of the control effect of oil and gas in Tari mbasin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(2):175~178
[7]陈恭洋.地层压实恢复的定量计算.江汉石油学院学报,1996,18(1):1~6Chen Gong-yang.Formation compaction quantitativecalculation of recovery.Journal of Jianghan Petro-leumInstitute,1996,18(1):1~6
[8]杨桥,漆家福.碎屑岩层的分层去压实校正方法.石油实验地质,2003,25(2):206~210Yang Qiao,Qi Jia-fu.The compaction adjustingmethod of clastic layer.PetroleumExperi mental Ge-ology,2000,25(2):206~210
[9]刘金华,姜在兴等.塔里木盆地志留系构造支撑点的一种定量计算方法.西部探矿工程,2006,18(7):136~138Liu Jin-hua,Jiang Zai-xing et al.A Quantitative methodof Silurian structure support points in Tari m basin.West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(7):136~138
[10]李奎文,郑爱民.沉积层古厚度恢复法研究.江汉石油科技,1992,2(2):16~21
[11]蒲仁海,姚宗慧等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化在气田形成中的作用及意义.天然气工业,2000,20(6):27~29Pu Ren-hai,Yao Zong-hui et al.The function andsignificance of tectonic evolution during gas formationin Ordos basin.Gas Industry,2000,20(6):27~29
[12]张振生,李明杰等.塔中低凸起的形成和演化.石油勘探与开发,2002,29(1):28~30Zhang Zhen-sheng,Li Ming-jie et al.The formationand evolution of Tazhong lower uplift.PetroleumEx-ploration and Exploitation,2002,29(1):28~30
[13]刘长伟,王飞宇.塔西南坳陷北坡至巴楚凸起的生烃史.新疆石油地质,2002,23(2):121~123Liu Chang-wei,Wang Fei-yu.Hydrocarbon generation ofTaxinan syndeposition to Bachu uplift.XinjiangPetroleum Geology,2002,23(2):121~123
[14]李贤庆,肖贤明.塔西南坳陷烃源岩生烃动力学研究.江汉石油学院学报.2004,26(3):1~4Li Xian-qing,Xiao Xian-ming.Hydrocarbon-genera-ting dynamics research in Taxinan syndeposition.Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,2004,26(3):1~4
[15]赵靖舟,庞雯.满加尔凹陷西部地区不整合分布与构造运动.石油实验地质,2001,23(2):149~153Zhao Jing-zhou,Pang Wen.Unconformity distribu-tion and tectonic movement in west area of Manjiaersyndeposition.Petroleum Experi mental Geology,2001,23(2):149~153
[16]冯乔.塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷地层埋藏史与有机质成熟演化.沉积学报,1997,15(1):172~176Feng Qiao.Formation and evolution of organic burialhistory of Manjiaer syndeposition in Tari m basin.Journal of Deposition,1997,15(1):172~176
[17]周海燕,庞雄奇.塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷周缘成藏体系定量评价.新疆石油地质,2003,24(5):382~385Zhou Hai-yan,Pang Xiong-qi.The quantitative eval-uation of reservoiring system of Manjiaer syndeposi-tion in Tari m basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(5):382~385
[18]曾清波,樊太亮等.塔里木盆地东河砂岩成藏组合分析及有利勘探区带评价.石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):385~389,420Zeng Qing-bo,Fan Tai-liang et al.Analysis of accumula-tion combination and evaluation of favorable explora-tion zones of Donghe sandstonein Tari mbasin.Jour-nal of Oil and Gas Technology,2008,30(2):385~389,420
[19]Sun L D,Zhou X Yet al.Donghe sandstone subtle reser-voir exploration and development technology in Hade 4oilfield.PetroleumScience,2004,1(2):35~43
[20]赵重远,靳久强.含油气盆地流体流域系统及其油气聚集原理.石油学报,2009,30(5):635~641Zhao Zhong-yuan,Jin Jiu-qiang.Fluid drainage sys-tem of petroliferous basins and its hydrocarbon accu-mulation principle.Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(5):635~641
[21]张水昌等著.塔里木盆地海相油气的生成.北京:石油工业出版社,2004
[22]许效松,汪正江等.塔里木盆地早古生代构造古地理演化与烃源岩.地学前缘,2005,12(3):49~57Xu Xiao-song,Wang Zheng-jiang et al.Early Paleo-zoic tectonic paleogeographic evolution and hydrocar-bon source rocks in Tari mbasin.Earth Science Fron-tiers,2005,12(3):49~57
[23]佘晓宇,施泽进等.巴楚—麦盖提地区油气动态成藏的运移通道.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(3):291~296She Xiao-yu,Shi Ze-jin et al.The migration channelsof hydrocarbon dynamic accumulation in Bachu-Maigaiti area.Journal of Chengdu University ofTechnology(Natural Scienc),2004,31(3):291~296
[24]刘高波,施泽进等.巴楚—麦盖提地区的区域构造演化与油气分布规律.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2004,31(2):157~161Liu Gao-bo,Shi Ze-jin et al.Regional tectonic evolu-tion and hydrocarbon distribution in Bachu-Maigaitiarea.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Natural Science),2004,31(2):157~161
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