柴达木盆地东部地区不整合类型和分布规律
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摘要
柴达木盆地东部经历了多期次构造运动,形成了多个不整合。在测井曲线分析的基础上,以不整合的成因机制及地震反射特征为基础,将柴达木盆地东部地区不整合划分为褶皱、断褶、削截、超覆和平行5种类型。风化剥蚀程度的不均一性使不整合具有典型的层状结构,将不整合面上、下划分为底砾岩、风化黏土层和半风化淋滤带。构造运动、地势的高低与剥蚀量的大小决定了不整合类型在平面上的分布具有区带性,不同类型的不整合具有不同的控油机制,而不同的不整合剖面类型形成不同的油气成藏模式,其中断褶不整合和褶皱不整合是最有利的控油不整合。
Qaidam Basin has undergone many tectonic movements and formed several unconformities.According to the hydrocarbon accumulation of unconformities and their origins and seismic reflection characteristics,the unconformities of East Qaidam Basin can be divided into five kinds:fold unconformity,fault-fold unconformity,truncation unconformity,onlap unconformity and parallel unconformity.The zonal distribution law of unconformity type is decided by the tectonic movements,sea level elevation and denudation.Laminar textures due to uneven weathering and denudation processes are typical of unconformities,and the unconformity surfaces in vertices are divided into three parts including basal conglomerate,weathering clay stone and semi-weathering leached zone.The different types of unconformity show different hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and hydrocarbon patterns.The fold unconformity and fault-fold unconformity are of most favorable types for hydrocarbon accumulation.
Qaidam Basin has undergone many tectonic movements and formed several unconformities.According to the hydrocarbon accumulation of unconformities and their origins and seismic reflection characteristics,the unconformities of East Qaidam Basin can be divided into five kinds:fold unconformity,fault-fold unconformity,truncation unconformity,onlap unconformity and parallel unconformity.The zonal distribution law of unconformity type is decided by the tectonic movements,sea level elevation and denudation.Laminar textures due to uneven weathering and denudation processes are typical of unconformities,and the unconformity surfaces in vertices are divided into three parts including basal conglomerate,weathering clay stone and semi-weathering leached zone.The different types of unconformity show different hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism and hydrocarbon patterns.The fold unconformity and fault-fold unconformity are of most favorable types for hydrocarbon accumulation.
引文
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赵卫卫,查明,吴孔友.柴达木盆地东部地区不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].地质学报,2008,82(2):247-253.Zhao Weiwei,Zha Ming,Wu Kongyou.Relationshipbetween Unconformity and Hydrocarbon Accumulationin the Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Acta GeologicaSinia,2008,82(2):247-253.
刘元,罗群,庞雄奇,等.柴达木盆地马海气田地质特征及运聚成藏机理模式[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):158-163.Liu Yuan,Luo Qun,Pang Xiongqi,et al.Geologic featureand migration-accumulation mechanism of the Mahaigas field,the Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Geologyand Experiment,2005,27(2):158-163.
杨勇,查明,洪太元,等.不整合分类研究进展与新型分类方案[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(3):288-295.Yang Yong,Zha Ming,Hong Taiyuan,et al.Types of un-conformities and their classification[J].Journal ofStratigraphy,2007,31(3):288-295.
吴孔友,查明,洪梅.准噶尔盆地不整合结构模式及半风化岩石的再成岩作用[J].大地构造与成矿学,2003,27(3):270-276.Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Hong Mei.Structural models ofunconformity and recurrent diagenesis of semi-weathering rock in Junggar Basin[J].Geotectonica etMetallogenia,2003,27(3):270-276.
张克银,艾华国,吴亚军.碳酸盐岩顶部不整合面结构层及其控油意义[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5):16-19.Zhang Keyin,Ai Huaguo,Wu Yajun.Characteristics andoil-controlling significance of unconformity structurelayer on top of Carbonate rock[J].Petroleum Explo-ration and Development,1996,23(5):16-19.
牟中海,何琰,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地陆西地区不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):16-20.Mou Zhonghai,He Yan,Tang Yong,et al.Relation of un-conformity with hydrocarbon accumulation in Luxi areaof Junggar Basin[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2005,26(3):16-20.
王建功,卫平生,杨建礼.松辽盆地西南部青山口组三段底界不整合面与油气分布[J].地质论评,2005,51(5):566-573.Wang Jiangong,Wei Pingsheng,Yang Jianli.The Uncon-formity Below the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formationand Distribution of Oil and Gas in the SouthwesternSongliao Basin[J].Geological Review,2005,51(5):566-573.
汪立群,许凤银,庞雄奇,等.马海-大红沟凸起油气勘探成果与柴达木盆地北缘的勘探方向[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):21-25.Wang Liqun,Xu Fengyin,Pang Xiongqi,et al.Potential exploration targets of the northern margin of QaidamBasin suggested from the breakthrough of Mahai-Da-honggou Uplift[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2005,26(3):21-25.
何登发.不整合面的结构与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(2):142-149.He Dengfa.Structure of unconformity and its control on hy-drocarbon accumulation[J].Petroleum Explorationand Development,2007,34(2):142-149.
赵卫卫,查明,吴孔友,等.柴达木盆地东部地区中生界不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(6):1-6.Zhao Weiwei,Zha Ming,Wu Kongyou,et al.Relationshipbetween unconformity and hydrocarbon accumulation inthe Mesozoic of eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Journal ofChina University of Petroleum,2006,30(6):1-6.
赵卫卫,查明,吴孔友.柴达木盆地东部地区不整合与油气成藏的关系[J].地质学报,2008,82(2):247-253.Zhao Weiwei,Zha Ming,Wu Kongyou.Relationshipbetween Unconformity and Hydrocarbon Accumulationin the Eastern Qaidam Basin[J].Acta GeologicaSinia,2008,82(2):247-253.
刘元,罗群,庞雄奇,等.柴达木盆地马海气田地质特征及运聚成藏机理模式[J].石油实验地质,2005,27(2):158-163.Liu Yuan,Luo Qun,Pang Xiongqi,et al.Geologic featureand migration-accumulation mechanism of the Mahaigas field,the Qaidam Basin[J].Petroleum Geologyand Experiment,2005,27(2):158-163.
杨勇,查明,洪太元,等.不整合分类研究进展与新型分类方案[J].地层学杂志,2007,31(3):288-295.Yang Yong,Zha Ming,Hong Taiyuan,et al.Types of un-conformities and their classification[J].Journal ofStratigraphy,2007,31(3):288-295.
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