扬子地块西北缘二叠系-中三叠统层序地层与沉积相展布
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摘要
扬子地块西北缘二叠系-中三叠统以大套碳酸盐岩地层为主。本文应用碳酸盐岩层序地层学理论和方法,通过地震、露头、岩心和测井资料分析,在二叠系-中三叠统识别出升隆侵蚀不整合面、海侵上超层序不整合面、水下沉积间断层序不整合面、局部暴露层序不整合面等4种沉积层序界面,并将二叠系-中三叠统划分为11个三级层序23个体系域。通过层序地层对比,建立了研究区层序地层格架,在格架内分析了不同体系域的沉积相特征,认为台缘礁滩相和台内滩相为有利储集相带,且前者主要发育于层序Ⅰ的高位体系域(栖霞组),以及层序Ⅴ和层序Ⅵ的海浸体系域(长兴组和飞仙关组)。
The Permian-Middle Triassic is mainly composed of carbonate rocks in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block. In this paper, based on the application of theories and methods of carbonate sequence stratigraphy and the analysis of seismic data, outcrop, drill core and log information, we identify in the Permian-Middle Triassic strata four depositional sequence surfaces, i.e., erosional unconformity, transgression onlap sequence unconformity, subaqueous depositional break sequence unconformity and local exposure sequence unconformity. We also divide the strata into 11 third-level sequences and 23 system tracts. By the contrast of stratigraphic sequence, the sequence stratigraphic framework is established, within which characteristics of sedimentary facies of different system tracts are analyzed. And it’s concluded that platform edge reef and beach facies and platform inside beach facies are the best reservoir facies belts, and the former is mainly located in highstand systems tract of sequence I (Qixia Formation), and transgressive systems tract of sequence V (Changxing Formation) and sequence VI (Feixianguan Formation).
The Permian-Middle Triassic is mainly composed of carbonate rocks in the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block. In this paper, based on the application of theories and methods of carbonate sequence stratigraphy and the analysis of seismic data, outcrop, drill core and log information, we identify in the Permian-Middle Triassic strata four depositional sequence surfaces, i.e., erosional unconformity, transgression onlap sequence unconformity, subaqueous depositional break sequence unconformity and local exposure sequence unconformity. We also divide the strata into 11 third-level sequences and 23 system tracts. By the contrast of stratigraphic sequence, the sequence stratigraphic framework is established, within which characteristics of sedimentary facies of different system tracts are analyzed. And it’s concluded that platform edge reef and beach facies and platform inside beach facies are the best reservoir facies belts, and the former is mainly located in highstand systems tract of sequence I (Qixia Formation), and transgressive systems tract of sequence V (Changxing Formation) and sequence VI (Feixianguan Formation).
引文
Chen ZQ.2009.Discussion on gas exploration of Middle Permian QixiaFormation,Sichuan basin carbonate slope facies sedimentarycharacteristics.Natural Gas Geosciences,20(3):325-334(inChinese with English abstract)
Feng ZZ,Bao ZD and Li SW.1997.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of thePermian in South China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,150-155(in Chinese with English abstract)
He L,Luo X,Liu LP,Li P and Zhou GX.2008.A discussion ondepositional environment in Late Permian and distribution of reef-bank in Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):28-32(inChinese with English abstract)
Hong HT,Wang YG,Yang TQ,Wen YC and Xia ML.2008.Sedimentary facies of Changxing Formation and distribution of organicreef gas reservoirs in northern Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):8-14(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang ZB,Wang XZ,Zhang F,Zeng DM,Zhang JY and Lu TM.2008.Distribution and controlling factors of reefs and oolitic beaches for theChangxing to Feixianguan formations in the northern Sichuan basin.Geology in China,35(5):940-950(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Jiang ZB,Wang XZ,Zeng DM,Lu TM,Wang BQ and Zhang JY.2009.Constructive diagenesis and porosity evolution in the Lower PermianQixia Formation of Northwest Sichuan.Geology in China,26(1):101-109(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin RG.1987.Sedimentary environment and model of the Late Permian inLongmenshan region,Sichuan Province.Acta SedimentologicaSinica,5(4):79-87(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lan DQ,Zhang Y and Da HM.2005.Reservoiring conditions andexploratory targets of Upper Triassic series in Northwest Sichuanbasin area.Natural Gas Industry,25(1):4-6(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Li RF,Guo TL,Tang LJ and Chen GF.2008.The imperfectionquantitative study of the unconformity record in sea facies carbonaterock stratum and the signification:A case of the north of Sichuanbasin in Permian.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(3):407-412(inChinese with English abstract)
Qiang ZT,Wen YC,Tang J and Shen ZG.1990.Sedimentology andbasin evolution of the Upper Permian,Sichuan and West Hubeiprovinces.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,8(1):79-88(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Shi X,Wang XZ,Zhang F,Li YG,Yang YM and Zhu YG.2005.Thestudy of dolomite reservoirs in Qixia Formation the northwest ofSichuan region.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,27(2):13-16(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Wen YC,Hong HT,Xia ML,Zhang J,Song SY and LiuHY.2006.Petroleum geological characteristics of deep waterdeposits in Upper Permian-Lower Triassic through in Sichuan basinand adjacent areas.Oil&Gas Geology,27(5):702-714(inChinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Hong HT,Xia ML,Fan Y and Wen YC.2008.Explorationof reef-bank gas reservoir surrounding Permian and Triassic troughsin Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):22-27(inChinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Wen YC,Hong HT,Xia ML,Fan Y,Wen L,Kong LX andWu CH.2009.Carbonate slope facies sedimentary characteristics ofthe Late Permian to Early Triassic in northern Sichuan basin.Journalof Palaeogeography,11(2):143-156(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei GQ,Yang W,Zhu YG,Jin H,Li YG,Shi ZS and Shen YH.2010.Depositional system of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in thewestern Sichuan basin.Oil&Gas Geology,31(4):442-448(inChinese with English abstract)
Xu SQ,Zhou JW,Zeng Q,Li Y,Chen S and Li XL.2004.Frontstructural belt of buried faults and hydrocarbon potential of Permianin North Longmen Mountains.Natural Gas Exploration andDevelopment,27(3):7-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang JQ,Li RN and Guan JM.1990.Organic Reef of the Late Permianin Sichuan Basin and Adjacent Areas.Chendu:Sichuan PublishingHouse of Science and Technology,30-80(in Chinese)
Zhang TS,Jiang ZY and Chen XH.2008.Characteristics and controllingfactors of development of Paleozoic reef-banks in the Sichuan basin.Geology in China,35(5):1017-1030(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhao B.2001.The Longtan formation and sequence stratigraphy ofPermian in Baishi-Goujia Klippe in the middle-south section ofLongmen Mountains.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,28(3):241-245(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈宗清.2009.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探.天然气地球科学,20(3):325-334
冯增昭,鲍志东,李尚武.1997.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,150-155
何鲤,罗潇,刘莉萍,黎平,周贵祥.2008.试论四川盆地晚二叠世沉积环境与礁滩分布.天然气工业,28(1):28-32
洪海涛,王一刚,杨天泉,文应初,夏茂龙.2008.川北地区长兴组沉积相和生物礁气藏分布规律.天然气工业,28(1):8-14
蒋志斌,王兴志,张帆,张帆,曾德铭,张金友,鲁铁梅.2008.四川盆地北部长兴组-飞仙关组礁、滩分布及其控制因素.中国地质,35(5):940-950
蒋志斌,王兴志,曾德铭,鲁铁梅,王保全,张金友.2009.川西北下二叠统栖霞组有利成岩作用与孔隙演化.中国地质,36(1):101-109
金若谷.1987.四川龙门山北段晚二叠世晚期沉积环境及沉积模式.沉积学报,5(4):79-87
兰大樵,张豫,戴鸿鸣.2005.川西北地区上三叠统油气勘探方向.天然气工业,25(1):4-6
李儒峰,郭彤楼,汤良杰,陈国飞.2008.海相碳酸盐岩层系不整合量化研究及其意义———以四川盆地北部二叠系为例.地质学报,82(3):407-412
强子同,文应初,唐杰,沈照国.1990.四川及邻区晚二叠世沉积作用及沉积盆地的发展.沉积学报,8(1):79-88
石新,王兴志,张帆,李耀刚,杨跃明,朱永刚.2005.川西北地区栖霞组白云岩储集层研究.西南石油学院学报,27(2):13-16
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,夏茂龙,张静,宋蜀筠,刘划一.2006.四川盆地及邻区上二叠统-下三叠统海槽的深水沉积特征.石油与天然气地质,27(5):702-714
王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙,范毅,文应初.2008.四川盆地二叠、三叠系环海槽礁、滩富气带勘探.天然气工业,28(1):22-27
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,夏茂龙,范毅,文龙,孔令霞,武川红.2009.四川盆地北部晚二叠世-早三叠世碳酸盐岩斜坡相带沉积特征.古地理学报,11(2):143-156
魏国齐,杨威,朱永刚,金慧,李跃纲,施振生,沈珏红.2010.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系.石油与天然气地质,31(4):442-448
徐世琦,周建文,曾庆,李毅,陈莎,李晓玲.2004.龙门山北段隐伏断层前锋构造带与二叠系含油气远景.天然气勘探与开发,27(3):7-10
张继庆,李汝宁,官举铭.1990.四川盆地及邻区晚二叠世生物礁.成都:四川科学技术出版社,30-80
张廷山,姜照勇,陈晓慧.2008.四川盆地古生代生物礁滩特征及发育控制因素.中国地质,35(5):1017-1030
赵兵.2001.龙门山中南段白石-苟家飞来峰龙潭组及二叠纪层序地层特征.成都理工学院学报,28(3):241-245
Feng ZZ,Bao ZD and Li SW.1997.Lithofacies Palaeogeography of thePermian in South China.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,150-155(in Chinese with English abstract)
He L,Luo X,Liu LP,Li P and Zhou GX.2008.A discussion ondepositional environment in Late Permian and distribution of reef-bank in Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):28-32(inChinese with English abstract)
Hong HT,Wang YG,Yang TQ,Wen YC and Xia ML.2008.Sedimentary facies of Changxing Formation and distribution of organicreef gas reservoirs in northern Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):8-14(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang ZB,Wang XZ,Zhang F,Zeng DM,Zhang JY and Lu TM.2008.Distribution and controlling factors of reefs and oolitic beaches for theChangxing to Feixianguan formations in the northern Sichuan basin.Geology in China,35(5):940-950(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Jiang ZB,Wang XZ,Zeng DM,Lu TM,Wang BQ and Zhang JY.2009.Constructive diagenesis and porosity evolution in the Lower PermianQixia Formation of Northwest Sichuan.Geology in China,26(1):101-109(in Chinese with English abstract)
Jin RG.1987.Sedimentary environment and model of the Late Permian inLongmenshan region,Sichuan Province.Acta SedimentologicaSinica,5(4):79-87(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lan DQ,Zhang Y and Da HM.2005.Reservoiring conditions andexploratory targets of Upper Triassic series in Northwest Sichuanbasin area.Natural Gas Industry,25(1):4-6(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Li RF,Guo TL,Tang LJ and Chen GF.2008.The imperfectionquantitative study of the unconformity record in sea facies carbonaterock stratum and the signification:A case of the north of Sichuanbasin in Permian.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(3):407-412(inChinese with English abstract)
Qiang ZT,Wen YC,Tang J and Shen ZG.1990.Sedimentology andbasin evolution of the Upper Permian,Sichuan and West Hubeiprovinces.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,8(1):79-88(in Chinesewith English abstract)
Shi X,Wang XZ,Zhang F,Li YG,Yang YM and Zhu YG.2005.Thestudy of dolomite reservoirs in Qixia Formation the northwest ofSichuan region.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,27(2):13-16(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Wen YC,Hong HT,Xia ML,Zhang J,Song SY and LiuHY.2006.Petroleum geological characteristics of deep waterdeposits in Upper Permian-Lower Triassic through in Sichuan basinand adjacent areas.Oil&Gas Geology,27(5):702-714(inChinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Hong HT,Xia ML,Fan Y and Wen YC.2008.Explorationof reef-bank gas reservoir surrounding Permian and Triassic troughsin Sichuan basin.Natural Gas Industry,28(1):22-27(inChinese with English abstract)
Wang YG,Wen YC,Hong HT,Xia ML,Fan Y,Wen L,Kong LX andWu CH.2009.Carbonate slope facies sedimentary characteristics ofthe Late Permian to Early Triassic in northern Sichuan basin.Journalof Palaeogeography,11(2):143-156(in Chinese with English abstract)
Wei GQ,Yang W,Zhu YG,Jin H,Li YG,Shi ZS and Shen YH.2010.Depositional system of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in thewestern Sichuan basin.Oil&Gas Geology,31(4):442-448(inChinese with English abstract)
Xu SQ,Zhou JW,Zeng Q,Li Y,Chen S and Li XL.2004.Frontstructural belt of buried faults and hydrocarbon potential of Permianin North Longmen Mountains.Natural Gas Exploration andDevelopment,27(3):7-10(in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang JQ,Li RN and Guan JM.1990.Organic Reef of the Late Permianin Sichuan Basin and Adjacent Areas.Chendu:Sichuan PublishingHouse of Science and Technology,30-80(in Chinese)
Zhang TS,Jiang ZY and Chen XH.2008.Characteristics and controllingfactors of development of Paleozoic reef-banks in the Sichuan basin.Geology in China,35(5):1017-1030(in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Zhao B.2001.The Longtan formation and sequence stratigraphy ofPermian in Baishi-Goujia Klippe in the middle-south section ofLongmen Mountains.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,28(3):241-245(in Chinese with English abstract)
陈宗清.2009.论四川盆地中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探.天然气地球科学,20(3):325-334
冯增昭,鲍志东,李尚武.1997.中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理.北京:石油工业出版社,150-155
何鲤,罗潇,刘莉萍,黎平,周贵祥.2008.试论四川盆地晚二叠世沉积环境与礁滩分布.天然气工业,28(1):28-32
洪海涛,王一刚,杨天泉,文应初,夏茂龙.2008.川北地区长兴组沉积相和生物礁气藏分布规律.天然气工业,28(1):8-14
蒋志斌,王兴志,张帆,张帆,曾德铭,张金友,鲁铁梅.2008.四川盆地北部长兴组-飞仙关组礁、滩分布及其控制因素.中国地质,35(5):940-950
蒋志斌,王兴志,曾德铭,鲁铁梅,王保全,张金友.2009.川西北下二叠统栖霞组有利成岩作用与孔隙演化.中国地质,36(1):101-109
金若谷.1987.四川龙门山北段晚二叠世晚期沉积环境及沉积模式.沉积学报,5(4):79-87
兰大樵,张豫,戴鸿鸣.2005.川西北地区上三叠统油气勘探方向.天然气工业,25(1):4-6
李儒峰,郭彤楼,汤良杰,陈国飞.2008.海相碳酸盐岩层系不整合量化研究及其意义———以四川盆地北部二叠系为例.地质学报,82(3):407-412
强子同,文应初,唐杰,沈照国.1990.四川及邻区晚二叠世沉积作用及沉积盆地的发展.沉积学报,8(1):79-88
石新,王兴志,张帆,李耀刚,杨跃明,朱永刚.2005.川西北地区栖霞组白云岩储集层研究.西南石油学院学报,27(2):13-16
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,夏茂龙,张静,宋蜀筠,刘划一.2006.四川盆地及邻区上二叠统-下三叠统海槽的深水沉积特征.石油与天然气地质,27(5):702-714
王一刚,洪海涛,夏茂龙,范毅,文应初.2008.四川盆地二叠、三叠系环海槽礁、滩富气带勘探.天然气工业,28(1):22-27
王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,夏茂龙,范毅,文龙,孔令霞,武川红.2009.四川盆地北部晚二叠世-早三叠世碳酸盐岩斜坡相带沉积特征.古地理学报,11(2):143-156
魏国齐,杨威,朱永刚,金慧,李跃纲,施振生,沈珏红.2010.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系.石油与天然气地质,31(4):442-448
徐世琦,周建文,曾庆,李毅,陈莎,李晓玲.2004.龙门山北段隐伏断层前锋构造带与二叠系含油气远景.天然气勘探与开发,27(3):7-10
张继庆,李汝宁,官举铭.1990.四川盆地及邻区晚二叠世生物礁.成都:四川科学技术出版社,30-80
张廷山,姜照勇,陈晓慧.2008.四川盆地古生代生物礁滩特征及发育控制因素.中国地质,35(5):1017-1030
赵兵.2001.龙门山中南段白石-苟家飞来峰龙潭组及二叠纪层序地层特征.成都理工学院学报,28(3):241-245
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