坳陷湖盆湖泛层沉积特征及其石油地质意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例
摘要
以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学理论,综合利用露头、岩心、测井等资料,在延长组内识别出了6层三级层序级别的湖泛层(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ),研究了其沉积相类型、沉积厚度及其平面展布等沉积特征,从发育层位、露头、岩电响应等方面建立了其识别标志.研究结果表明,湖泛层主要具有4方面的石油地质意义:①湖泛层具有在测井和地震资料上易识别和对比的特征,可作为湖盆层序地层划分和对比的辅助标志层,对湖盆层序地层研究具有一定辅助作用;②利用湖泛泥岩类型及其厚度平面展布特征,反映不同时期湖水分布和演化规律;③借助湖泛层厚度沉积中心的分布和迁移,研究湖盆沉积洼陷的分布和迁移规律,对认识整个湖盆的演化具有重要意义;④湖泛层作为油藏的主要烃源岩和盖层,其时空分布特征控制着油藏组合类型和成藏规律.
Six lake flooding layers of third-order sequence(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ) were identified from Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin based on high resolution sequence stratigraphy and the data of outcrop,core,logging,etc.Their sedimentary facies types,thickness and plane distribution were studied,and their identification marks were established from several aspects of developing strata,outcrops and lithlogy-electricity responses.The results show that,the lake flooding layers are of four aspects of petroleum geological significances:① the lake flooding layers can easily be identified and contrasted from logging and seismic data,and therefore they can be as the assist marked beds for the sequence stratigraphic division and contrast of lake basins,which is of assistant effect to the sequence stratigraphy research of lake basin;② the types and the thickness plane distribution of the lake flooding mudstone can reflect the distributions of the lake water in different stages and the evolution law of the lake water distribution;③ the distribution and the migration law of the depositional sags in lake basins can be studied according to the distribution and the migration law of the thickness sedimentation centers of the lake flooding layers,which is of significance to knowing the evolution of the lake basins;④ the lake flooding layers were the reservoir's primary source rocks and cap rocks,whose spatial and temporal distribution features control the assemblage types and the forming rules of oil reservoirs.
Six lake flooding layers of third-order sequence(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ) were identified from Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin based on high resolution sequence stratigraphy and the data of outcrop,core,logging,etc.Their sedimentary facies types,thickness and plane distribution were studied,and their identification marks were established from several aspects of developing strata,outcrops and lithlogy-electricity responses.The results show that,the lake flooding layers are of four aspects of petroleum geological significances:① the lake flooding layers can easily be identified and contrasted from logging and seismic data,and therefore they can be as the assist marked beds for the sequence stratigraphic division and contrast of lake basins,which is of assistant effect to the sequence stratigraphy research of lake basin;② the types and the thickness plane distribution of the lake flooding mudstone can reflect the distributions of the lake water in different stages and the evolution law of the lake water distribution;③ the distribution and the migration law of the depositional sags in lake basins can be studied according to the distribution and the migration law of the thickness sedimentation centers of the lake flooding layers,which is of significance to knowing the evolution of the lake basins;④ the lake flooding layers were the reservoir's primary source rocks and cap rocks,whose spatial and temporal distribution features control the assemblage types and the forming rules of oil reservoirs.
引文
[1]李树同,王多云,陶辉飞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪延长期湖水分布特征及演化规律[J].沉积学报,2009,27(1):41-47.LI Shu-tong,WANG Duo-yun,TAO Hui-fei,et al.Thelake distribution and evolution law of the Ordos Basin,inTriassic Yanchang period[J].ACTA Sedimentologica Sin-ica,2009,27(1):41-47.
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[3]卢进才,李玉宏,魏仙样,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):928-932.LU Jin-cai,LI Yu-hong,WEI Xian-yang,et al.Researchon the depositional environment and resources potential ofthe oil shale in the chang 7 member,Triassic Yanchangformation in the Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin Univer-sity:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(6):928-932.
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[5]李慧勇,徐长贵,刘廷海,等.陆相盆地薄层泥岩盖层形成机制、特征与油气成藏关系———以辽东湾地区中南部为例[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(1):19-23.LI Hui-yong,XU Chang-gui,LIU Ting-hai,et al.The for-mation mechanisms and characteristics of thin-layer mud-stone caprock and its relationship with hydrocarbon accu-mulation in the terrestrial basin:an example of thin-layermudstone caprock in the south-central Liaodong bay[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(1):19-23.
[6]袁际华,柳广弟,张英,等.相对盖层厚度封闭效应及其应用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(1):34-36.YUAN Ji-hua,LIU Guang-di,ZHANG Ying,et al.Thick-ness sealing effect of relative caprock and its application[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural ScienceEdition,2008,23(1):34-36.
[7]张文正,杨华,李剑锋,等.论鄂尔多斯盆地长7段优质油源岩在低渗透油气成藏富集中的主导作用:强生排烃特征及机理分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):289-293.ZHANG Wen-zheng,YANG Hua,LI Jian-feng,et al.Leading effect of high-class source rock of Chang 7 in Or-dos Basin on enrichment of low permeability oil-gas accu-mulation:hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mecha-nism[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):289-293.
[8]吉利明,吴涛,李林涛.陇东三叠系延长组主要油源岩发育时期的古气候特征[J].沉积学报,2006,24(3):426-431.JI Li-ming,WU Tao,LI Lin-tao.Paleoclimatic characteris-tics during sedimentary period of main source rocks ofYanchang formation(Triassic)in eastern Gansu[J].AC-TA Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(3):426-431.
[9]苗建宇,赵建设,李文厚,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部烃源岩沉积环境研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(6):771-776.MIAO Jian-yu,ZHAO Jian-she,LI Wen-hou,et al.Re-seach on the diposite environments about source rocks insouth Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2005,35(6):771-776.
[10]陈飞,樊太亮,高志前,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组层序界面成因类型及控制因素分析[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):197-200.CHEN Fei,FAN Tai-liang,GAO Zhi-qian,et al.Analysisof controlling factors and genetic types of sequence bound-ary of Yanchang formation upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(2):197-200.
[11]郭彦如,刘化清,李相博,等.大型坳陷湖盆层序地层格架的研究方法体系———以鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组为例[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):384-391.GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,LI Xiang-bo,et al.Methodsystem on studying sequence stratigraphic framework oflarge sagged lacustrine basin:a case study from mesozoicYanchang formation,Ordos Basin[J].ACTA Sedimento-logica Sinica,2008,26(3):384-391.
[12]郑希民,郭彦如,刘化清,等.应用自然伽马测井曲线小波分析划分陆相坳陷盆地三级层序的方法:以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):672-676.ZHENG Xi-min,GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,et al.Themethod of division third-degree succession of strata bygamma ray logging wavelet analysis in stationary continen-tal facies depression basin:taking Yanchang formation ofOrdos Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):672-676.
[13]李相博,郭彦如,刘化清,等.浅谈小波分析在鄂尔多斯盆地延长组层序地层划分中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6):779-782.LI Xiang-bo,GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,et al.The appli-cation of wavelet analysis in sequence stratigraphic subdi-vision of the Yanchang formation,Ordos Basin[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2006,17(6):779-782.
[14]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):92-100.ZHENG Rong-cai,PENG Jun.Analysis and isochronos-tratigraphic correlation of high-resolution sequence stratig-raphy for Chang-6 oil reservoir set in Zhidan delta,north-ern Ordos Basin[J].ACTA Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):92-100.
[15]李凤杰,王多云.鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组高分辨率层序地层学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):339-344.LI Feng-jie,WANG Duo-yun.The high-resolution se-quence stratigraphic feature of Yanchang formation inXifeng Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):339-344.
[16]傅强,李益.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长8-长7油层组高分辨率层序地层格架及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):579-584.FU Qiang,LI Yi.The high-resolution sequence stratigra-phy framework and its geological significance of TriassicYanchang formation Ch8-Ch7,Ordos Basin[J].Geosci-ence,2006,20(4):579-584.
[17]宋华颖,伊海生,范爱春,等.柴达木盆地西部西岔沟剖面湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学特征与沉积环境分析[J].中国地质,2010,37(1):117-126.SONG Hua-ying,YI Hai-sheng,FAN Ai-chun,et al.Pe-trology and sedimentary environments of lacustrine carbon-ate rocks in the Xichagou section,western Qaidam Basin[J].Geology in China,2010,37(1):117-126.
[18]惠潇,张海峰.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部砂体发育特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(1):53-57.HUI Xiao,ZHANG Hai-feng.Characters of sand bodies inChang 6 section of Yanchang formation in the central lakebasin of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences andEnvironment,2009,31(1):53-57.
[19]武富礼,王变阳,赵靖舟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地油藏序列特征及成因[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):639-642.WU Fu-li,WANG Bian-yang,ZHAO Jing-zhou,et al.Ori-gin and characteristics of oil pool sequence in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):639-642.
[20]童晓光.论成藏组合在勘探评价中的意义[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(6):1-8.TONG Xiao-guang.A discussion on the role of accumula-tion association in the explorating evaluation[J].Journalof Southwest Petroleum University:Science&TechnologyEdition,2009,31(6):1-8.
[2]席胜利,李文厚,李荣西.烃源岩生烃期次与油气成藏———以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘马家滩地区长7烃源岩为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(6):657-663.XI Sheng-li,LI Wen-hou,LI Rong-xi.Hydrocarbon gener-ation and reservoir formation:a case from chang 7 sourcerock in Majiatan area,west margin of Ordos Basin[J].Pe-troleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(6):657-663.
[3]卢进才,李玉宏,魏仙样,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2006,36(6):928-932.LU Jin-cai,LI Yu-hong,WEI Xian-yang,et al.Researchon the depositional environment and resources potential ofthe oil shale in the chang 7 member,Triassic Yanchangformation in the Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Jilin Univer-sity:Earth Science Edition,2006,36(6):928-932.
[4]母国妍,钟宁宁,刘宝,等.湖相泥质烃源岩的定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2010,31(2):218-224.MU Guo-yan,ZHONG Ning-ning,LIU Bao,et al.Thequantitative evaluation method of lacustrine mudstonesource rock and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2010,31(2):218-224.
[5]李慧勇,徐长贵,刘廷海,等.陆相盆地薄层泥岩盖层形成机制、特征与油气成藏关系———以辽东湾地区中南部为例[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(1):19-23.LI Hui-yong,XU Chang-gui,LIU Ting-hai,et al.The for-mation mechanisms and characteristics of thin-layer mud-stone caprock and its relationship with hydrocarbon accu-mulation in the terrestrial basin:an example of thin-layermudstone caprock in the south-central Liaodong bay[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(1):19-23.
[6]袁际华,柳广弟,张英,等.相对盖层厚度封闭效应及其应用[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2008,23(1):34-36.YUAN Ji-hua,LIU Guang-di,ZHANG Ying,et al.Thick-ness sealing effect of relative caprock and its application[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural ScienceEdition,2008,23(1):34-36.
[7]张文正,杨华,李剑锋,等.论鄂尔多斯盆地长7段优质油源岩在低渗透油气成藏富集中的主导作用:强生排烃特征及机理分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(3):289-293.ZHANG Wen-zheng,YANG Hua,LI Jian-feng,et al.Leading effect of high-class source rock of Chang 7 in Or-dos Basin on enrichment of low permeability oil-gas accu-mulation:hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mecha-nism[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(3):289-293.
[8]吉利明,吴涛,李林涛.陇东三叠系延长组主要油源岩发育时期的古气候特征[J].沉积学报,2006,24(3):426-431.JI Li-ming,WU Tao,LI Lin-tao.Paleoclimatic characteris-tics during sedimentary period of main source rocks ofYanchang formation(Triassic)in eastern Gansu[J].AC-TA Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(3):426-431.
[9]苗建宇,赵建设,李文厚,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南部烃源岩沉积环境研究[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(6):771-776.MIAO Jian-yu,ZHAO Jian-she,LI Wen-hou,et al.Re-seach on the diposite environments about source rocks insouth Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University:Natural Science Edition,2005,35(6):771-776.
[10]陈飞,樊太亮,高志前,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组层序界面成因类型及控制因素分析[J].石油天然气学报,2009,31(2):197-200.CHEN Fei,FAN Tai-liang,GAO Zhi-qian,et al.Analysisof controlling factors and genetic types of sequence bound-ary of Yanchang formation upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2009,31(2):197-200.
[11]郭彦如,刘化清,李相博,等.大型坳陷湖盆层序地层格架的研究方法体系———以鄂尔多斯盆地中生界延长组为例[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):384-391.GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,LI Xiang-bo,et al.Methodsystem on studying sequence stratigraphic framework oflarge sagged lacustrine basin:a case study from mesozoicYanchang formation,Ordos Basin[J].ACTA Sedimento-logica Sinica,2008,26(3):384-391.
[12]郑希民,郭彦如,刘化清,等.应用自然伽马测井曲线小波分析划分陆相坳陷盆地三级层序的方法:以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(5):672-676.ZHENG Xi-min,GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,et al.Themethod of division third-degree succession of strata bygamma ray logging wavelet analysis in stationary continen-tal facies depression basin:taking Yanchang formation ofOrdos Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(5):672-676.
[13]李相博,郭彦如,刘化清,等.浅谈小波分析在鄂尔多斯盆地延长组层序地层划分中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6):779-782.LI Xiang-bo,GUO Yan-ru,LIU Hua-qing,et al.The appli-cation of wavelet analysis in sequence stratigraphic subdi-vision of the Yanchang formation,Ordos Basin[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2006,17(6):779-782.
[14]郑荣才,彭军.陕北志丹三角洲长6油层组高分辨率层序分析与等时对比[J].沉积学报,2002,20(1):92-100.ZHENG Rong-cai,PENG Jun.Analysis and isochronos-tratigraphic correlation of high-resolution sequence stratig-raphy for Chang-6 oil reservoir set in Zhidan delta,north-ern Ordos Basin[J].ACTA Sedimentologica Sinica,2002,20(1):92-100.
[15]李凤杰,王多云.鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组高分辨率层序地层学研究[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(3):339-344.LI Feng-jie,WANG Duo-yun.The high-resolution se-quence stratigraphic feature of Yanchang formation inXifeng Oilfield,Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2006,17(3):339-344.
[16]傅强,李益.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长8-长7油层组高分辨率层序地层格架及其地质意义[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):579-584.FU Qiang,LI Yi.The high-resolution sequence stratigra-phy framework and its geological significance of TriassicYanchang formation Ch8-Ch7,Ordos Basin[J].Geosci-ence,2006,20(4):579-584.
[17]宋华颖,伊海生,范爱春,等.柴达木盆地西部西岔沟剖面湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学特征与沉积环境分析[J].中国地质,2010,37(1):117-126.SONG Hua-ying,YI Hai-sheng,FAN Ai-chun,et al.Pe-trology and sedimentary environments of lacustrine carbon-ate rocks in the Xichagou section,western Qaidam Basin[J].Geology in China,2010,37(1):117-126.
[18]惠潇,张海峰.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长6期湖盆中部砂体发育特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(1):53-57.HUI Xiao,ZHANG Hai-feng.Characters of sand bodies inChang 6 section of Yanchang formation in the central lakebasin of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences andEnvironment,2009,31(1):53-57.
[19]武富礼,王变阳,赵靖舟,等.鄂尔多斯盆地油藏序列特征及成因[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):639-642.WU Fu-li,WANG Bian-yang,ZHAO Jing-zhou,et al.Ori-gin and characteristics of oil pool sequence in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):639-642.
[20]童晓光.论成藏组合在勘探评价中的意义[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,31(6):1-8.TONG Xiao-guang.A discussion on the role of accumula-tion association in the explorating evaluation[J].Journalof Southwest Petroleum University:Science&TechnologyEdition,2009,31(6):1-8.
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