渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用
摘要
南堡凹陷断裂发育,但断裂与本区丰富的油气有何关系还不明确。通过对地震资料的构造解释和断裂统计来研究断裂的基本特征。在此基础上,结合本区圈闭条件、储层条件和油气运移条件,来研究断裂对油气的控制作用。分析认为,南堡凹陷内部的断裂以NEE向或者近NE向断裂为主,在剖面上形成了"坡坪式"、"铲式"、"多米诺式"等多种构造样式。南堡凹陷内部的断裂可划分为3个级次:一、二级断裂发育于古近纪,一级控凹断裂发育时间最早、持续时间长、活动强度大,二级断裂控制局部构造、发育时间稍晚;三级断裂多为新近纪以来发育的次级断裂,断裂发育时间晚,活动强度小。在不同级次断裂的控制下,本区形成了其特殊的石油地质条件。本区断裂系统对油气成藏的控制作用表现在3个方面,即断裂的发育有利于各类圈闭的形成;断裂引起的裂缝扩大了油气的储集空间;断裂封闭性的差异使得深部油气运移至浅部聚集。
Nanpu Sag has well developed faults,yet the relationship between the faults and abundant oil and gas is not clear in the study area.The paper studied the basic characteristics of faults through seismic interpretations of structures and statistical analysis of the fault distribution.On this basis and combing with the conditions of trap,reservoir and hydrocarbon migration,the paper researched the controlling effects of the faults on the oil and gas accumulation in Nanpu Sag.The results indicate that the majority of the faults trending NEE or NE in the Nanpu Sag,showing structural styles such as "flat and ramp style","listric style" and "domino style" and so on in the section.The faults within the Nanpu Sag can be classified into three orders,with the first-and se-cond-order faults being developed in the Paleogene.The first-order faults control the formation of the sag and are characterized by the earliest development,long duration and strong intensity.The second-order faults control the local structures,and were developed later than the first-order faults.The third-order faults are mostly secondary faults formed since the Neogene with weak intensity.Unique petroleum geological conditions occur in the study area due to the control of faults of different orders.The controlling effects of the fault system on hydrocarbon accumulation are represented in three aspects,that is,the occurrence of faults benefits for the formation of various types of traps,the fractures caused by faults enlarge the reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation,the diversity of sealing ability of faults prompts hydrocarbons to migrate from the deep to shallow reservoirs where they accumulate.
Nanpu Sag has well developed faults,yet the relationship between the faults and abundant oil and gas is not clear in the study area.The paper studied the basic characteristics of faults through seismic interpretations of structures and statistical analysis of the fault distribution.On this basis and combing with the conditions of trap,reservoir and hydrocarbon migration,the paper researched the controlling effects of the faults on the oil and gas accumulation in Nanpu Sag.The results indicate that the majority of the faults trending NEE or NE in the Nanpu Sag,showing structural styles such as "flat and ramp style","listric style" and "domino style" and so on in the section.The faults within the Nanpu Sag can be classified into three orders,with the first-and se-cond-order faults being developed in the Paleogene.The first-order faults control the formation of the sag and are characterized by the earliest development,long duration and strong intensity.The second-order faults control the local structures,and were developed later than the first-order faults.The third-order faults are mostly secondary faults formed since the Neogene with weak intensity.Unique petroleum geological conditions occur in the study area due to the control of faults of different orders.The controlling effects of the fault system on hydrocarbon accumulation are represented in three aspects,that is,the occurrence of faults benefits for the formation of various types of traps,the fractures caused by faults enlarge the reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation,the diversity of sealing ability of faults prompts hydrocarbons to migrate from the deep to shallow reservoirs where they accumulate.
引文
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[14]徐广军,崔广学.苏仁诺尔断裂伴生和派生裂缝垂向封闭性形成时期研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):5-8.Xu Guangjun,Cui Guangxue.Research on formation period forvertical seal of fractures companied and derived by Surennuoerfault[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development inDaqing,2007,26(4):5-8.
[15]吴智勇,郭建华,吴东胜.大民屯凹陷静安堡西侧低潜山变质岩储层裂缝发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):322-325.Wu Zhiyong,Guo Jianhua,Wu Dongsheng.Fractured character-istics of metamorphic reservoirs in low buried-hill in west ofJing’anpu,Damintun Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(4):322-325.
[16]周波,贾承造,顾家裕,等.塔中台地边缘上奥陶统灰岩段裂缝对储层发育的控制作用——以塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):198-209.Zhou Bo,Jia Chengzao,Gu Jiayu,et al.Controlling effect of thefractures in Upper Ordovician fractures upon reservoir formationat the platform edge of Tazhong oilfield,the Tarim Basin—anexample from the Tazhong-Ⅰslope break zone[J].Oil&GasGeology,2008,29(2):198-209.
[17]范昌育,王震亮,李萍.新构造运动对东濮凹陷北部古近系烃源岩生烃的影响及其对浅层油气成藏的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):386-392.Fan Changyu,Wang Zhenliang,Li Ping.Influence of Neotecton-ics on hydrocarbon generation in the Paleogene source rocks ofthe northern Dongpu Depression and its implications for theforming of oil/gas pools in shallowstrata[J].Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2010,31(3):386-392.
[18]邓津辉,周心怀,魏刚,等.郯庐走滑断裂带活动特征与油气成藏的关系——以金县地区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):102-106.Deng Jinhui,Zhou Xinhuai,Wei Gang,et al.Strike-slip faultingactivities in the Tanlu fault zone and their relationship with hy-drocarbon accumulation—an example from Jinxian area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):102-106.
[19]张树林,田世澄,朱水安,等.南堡凹陷的断裂构造与油气三次运移[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(4):262-267.Zhang Shulin,Tian Shicheng,Zhu Shuian,et al.Fracture struc-tures and hydrocarbon third migration in Nanpu Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1996,17(4):262-267.
[20]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.LüYanfang,Sha Zixuan,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion method for fault vertical sealing ability and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):34-38.
[21]周文,邓虎成,单钰铭,等.断裂(裂缝)面的开启及闭合压力实验研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):277-283.Zhou Wen,Deng Hucheng,Shan Yuming,et al.Experiment re-search on open and closed pressure of fault(fracture)[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):277-283.
[22]Knipe R J.Juxtaposition and seal diagrams to help analyzefaults seals in hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(2):187-195.
[23]Smith D A.Sealing and nonsealing faults in Louisiana Gulf Coastsalt basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,1980,64(2):145-172.
[24]全裕科,丁文龙,余腾孝,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起同岗断裂封闭性综合评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):769-773.Quan Yuke,Ding Wenlong,Yu Tengxiao,et al.Comprehensiveevaluation of sealing ability of Tonggang fault in the Bachu uplift of the Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):769-773.
[25]谢建磊,杨坤光.冀东南堡凹陷关键成藏时刻主要断裂封闭性分析[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,21(3):5-8.Xie Jianlei,Yang Kunguang.Analysis of the closeness of themain faults in Nanpu Sag in southeastern Hebei at key hydrocar-bon accumulation moments[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou Univer-sity(Naturnal Science Edition),2006,21(3):5-8.
[2]梅玲,张枝焕,范有余,等.南堡凹陷Es3(4)段烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其油源贡献[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(6):961-967.Mei Ling,Zhang Zhihuan,Fan Youyu,et al.Geochemical char-acteristics of Es3(4)source rocks and its oil-source contributionin Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(6):961-967.
[3]汪泽成,郑红菊,徐安娜,等.南堡凹陷源上成藏组合油气勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(1):11-16.Wang Zecheng,Zheng Hongju,Xu Anna,et al.Oil-gas explora-tion potential for above-source plays in Nanpu Sag[J].Petrole-um Exploration and Development,2008,35(1):11-16.
[4]郑红菊,董月霞,王旭东,等.渤海湾盆地南堡富油气凹陷烃源岩的形成及其特征[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):78-83.Zheng Hongju,Dong Yuexia,Wang Xudong,et al.The genera-tion and characteristics of source rocks in Nanpu oil-rich de-pression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(1):78-83.
[5]周海民,魏忠文,曹中宏.南堡凹陷的形成演化与油气的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(4):345-349.Zhou Haimin,Wei Zhongwen,Cao Zhonghong.Relatioship be-tween formation,evolution and hydrocarbon in Nanpu Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,21(4):345-349.
[6]董月霞,汪泽成,郑红菊,等.走滑断层作用对南堡凹陷油气成藏的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):424-430.Dong Yuexia,Wang Zecheng,Zheng Hongju,et al.Control ofstrike-slip faulting on reservoir formation of oil and gas in Nan-pu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):424-430.
[7]张文才,杨凤波,冯有良,等.南堡凹陷高柳地区古近系坡折带类型及隐蔽圈闭分布特征[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,21(6):15-19.Zhang Wencai,Yang Fengbo,Feng Youliang,et al.Types of thePaleogene slope-break zones and distribution of the subtle trapsin Gaoliu area of Nanpu Sag[J].Jurnal of Xi’an Shiyou Univer-sity(Naturnal Science Edition),2006,21(6):15-19.
[8]周海民.断陷盆地油气成藏动力学与含油气系统表征——以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷为例[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:1-87.Zhou Haimin.The accumulation dynamics of fault basin and thecharacterization of petroleum system-take the Nanpu Sag as anexample[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005:1-87.
[9]罗群,吏锋兵,黄捍东,等.中小型盆地隐蔽油气藏形成的地质背景与成藏模式——以渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷为例[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):560-565.Luo Qun,Li Fengbing,Huang Handong,et al.Geologic settingsand pool forming models of subtle petroleum accumulations inmiddle-small basins-a case study of the Napu Sag of the BohaiBay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):560-565.
[10]成永生,陈松岭.南堡凹陷外围地区古生界地层油气成藏分析[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):108-112.Cheng Yongsheng,Chen Songling.Hydrocarbon accumulation ofPaleozoic Strata in peripheral areas of Nanpu Sag[J].NaturalGas Geoscience,2009,20(1):108-112.
[11]周晓峰,于均民,杨双,等.青西油田下白垩统裂缝特征及其成因[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(6):703-705.Zhou Xiaofeng,Yu Junmin,Yang Shuang,et al.Fractural charac-teristic and genesis of Lower Cretaceous in Qingxi Oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(6):703-705.
[12]孙永河,万军,付晓飞,等.贝尔凹陷断裂演化特征及其对潜山裂缝的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2007,34(3):316-322.Sun Yonghe,Wan Jun,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Evolutionary of faultsand their control on fractures in buried hill in Beier Depression[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2007,34(3):316-322.
[13]尹志军,彭仕宓,高荣杰.裂缝性油气储层定量综合评价——以辽河油田齐家古潜山基岩储层为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(3):240-243.Yin Zhijun,Peng Shimi,Gao Rongjie.Quantitative assessmentof fractured reservoir:take the basement rock reservoir of Qijiaburied hill in Liaohe Oilfied as an example[J].Oil&Gas Ge-ology,2001,22(3):240-243.
[14]徐广军,崔广学.苏仁诺尔断裂伴生和派生裂缝垂向封闭性形成时期研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(4):5-8.Xu Guangjun,Cui Guangxue.Research on formation period forvertical seal of fractures companied and derived by Surennuoerfault[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development inDaqing,2007,26(4):5-8.
[15]吴智勇,郭建华,吴东胜.大民屯凹陷静安堡西侧低潜山变质岩储层裂缝发育特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):322-325.Wu Zhiyong,Guo Jianhua,Wu Dongsheng.Fractured character-istics of metamorphic reservoirs in low buried-hill in west ofJing’anpu,Damintun Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(4):322-325.
[16]周波,贾承造,顾家裕,等.塔中台地边缘上奥陶统灰岩段裂缝对储层发育的控制作用——以塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(2):198-209.Zhou Bo,Jia Chengzao,Gu Jiayu,et al.Controlling effect of thefractures in Upper Ordovician fractures upon reservoir formationat the platform edge of Tazhong oilfield,the Tarim Basin—anexample from the Tazhong-Ⅰslope break zone[J].Oil&GasGeology,2008,29(2):198-209.
[17]范昌育,王震亮,李萍.新构造运动对东濮凹陷北部古近系烃源岩生烃的影响及其对浅层油气成藏的意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(3):386-392.Fan Changyu,Wang Zhenliang,Li Ping.Influence of Neotecton-ics on hydrocarbon generation in the Paleogene source rocks ofthe northern Dongpu Depression and its implications for theforming of oil/gas pools in shallowstrata[J].Oil&Gas Geolo-gy,2010,31(3):386-392.
[18]邓津辉,周心怀,魏刚,等.郯庐走滑断裂带活动特征与油气成藏的关系——以金县地区为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):102-106.Deng Jinhui,Zhou Xinhuai,Wei Gang,et al.Strike-slip faultingactivities in the Tanlu fault zone and their relationship with hy-drocarbon accumulation—an example from Jinxian area[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):102-106.
[19]张树林,田世澄,朱水安,等.南堡凹陷的断裂构造与油气三次运移[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(4):262-267.Zhang Shulin,Tian Shicheng,Zhu Shuian,et al.Fracture struc-tures and hydrocarbon third migration in Nanpu Depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1996,17(4):262-267.
[20]吕延防,沙子萱,付晓飞,等.断层垂向封闭性定量评价方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):34-38.LüYanfang,Sha Zixuan,Fu Xiaofei,et al.Quantitative evalua-tion method for fault vertical sealing ability and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(5):34-38.
[21]周文,邓虎成,单钰铭,等.断裂(裂缝)面的开启及闭合压力实验研究[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):277-283.Zhou Wen,Deng Hucheng,Shan Yuming,et al.Experiment re-search on open and closed pressure of fault(fracture)[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):277-283.
[22]Knipe R J.Juxtaposition and seal diagrams to help analyzefaults seals in hydrocarbon reservoirs[J].AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(2):187-195.
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