塔里木地区寒武纪中期古地理与沉积环境
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摘要
寒武纪中期(相当于第三世的第五期、鼓山期和古丈早期)是塔里木地区重要的盐岩、膏盐岩盖层沉积期。对该阶段塔里木地区古地理与沉积环境的研究将有助于其油气赋存条件及分布规律的认识。本文在前人研究的基础上,野外调查和收集分析了13个露头区、17口钻井的地质剖面资料,并参考部分地震勘探成果,重塑了塔里木地区寒武纪中期古地理轮廓,绘制了古构造-沉积环境图。研究表明:(1)寒武纪中期的古地理格局基本承袭了寒武纪早期的特征,但南天山洋盆、北昆仑洋盆和库鲁克塔格—满加尔拗拉槽半深海-深海盆地范围明显扩大,而塔里木陆表海(浅海)盆地范围有所缩小;(2)寒武纪中期,塔里木地区气候干燥炎热,形成了面积达23×104 km2的蒸发台地,沉积数百米厚膏盐岩地层为油气的储存提供了优质封盖条件。
The Middle Cambrian(corresponding to Stage 5,Drumian,Early Guzhanqian of Series 3) is an important sedimentary period of gypsum-halite rocks in Tarim area.Researches on paleogeography and sedimentary environments of Tarim area will help recognize the reservoir and distribution regularity.Based on previous studies,the authors investigated and analyzed 13 outcrops and 17 borehole sections,and consulted some seismic sections.By means of an analysis of stratigraphic and petrologic characteristics,the paleogeographic framework was rebuilt and a tectonic-sedimentary environment map of Tarim area was compiled.Some conclusions have been reached:(1)The paleogeographic pattern in Middle Cambrian period inherited the characteristics of Early Cambrian,but the South Tianshan Ocean,North Kunlun Ocean and Kuluketage-Manjiaer bathyal-deep sea basin were enlarged,and the areas of Tarim epeiric sea basin was reduced in Middle Cambrian.(2)Because the climate of Tarim area was xerothermic in that period,the evaporative platform of 23×104 km2 was formed.Gypsum-halite rocks hundreds of meters in thickness were deposited in an evaporative environment,which provided high quality caprocks.
The Middle Cambrian(corresponding to Stage 5,Drumian,Early Guzhanqian of Series 3) is an important sedimentary period of gypsum-halite rocks in Tarim area.Researches on paleogeography and sedimentary environments of Tarim area will help recognize the reservoir and distribution regularity.Based on previous studies,the authors investigated and analyzed 13 outcrops and 17 borehole sections,and consulted some seismic sections.By means of an analysis of stratigraphic and petrologic characteristics,the paleogeographic framework was rebuilt and a tectonic-sedimentary environment map of Tarim area was compiled.Some conclusions have been reached:(1)The paleogeographic pattern in Middle Cambrian period inherited the characteristics of Early Cambrian,but the South Tianshan Ocean,North Kunlun Ocean and Kuluketage-Manjiaer bathyal-deep sea basin were enlarged,and the areas of Tarim epeiric sea basin was reduced in Middle Cambrian.(2)Because the climate of Tarim area was xerothermic in that period,the evaporative platform of 23×104 km2 was formed.Gypsum-halite rocks hundreds of meters in thickness were deposited in an evaporative environment,which provided high quality caprocks.
引文
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[26]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation andevolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2005,26(1):64-77(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]孙晓猛,王璞珺,刘鹏举,等.兴地断裂构造特征及其演化历史[J].新疆地质,2006,24(4):348-353.Sun Xiaomeng,Wang Pujun,Liu Pengju,et al.Structural featuresand tectonic evolutionary history of Xingdi fault[J].XinjiangGeology,2006,24(4):348-353(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]朱筱敏,杨俊生,张喜林.岩相古地理研究与油气勘探[J].古地理学报,2004,6(1):101-109.Zhu Xiaomin,Yang Junsheng,Zhang Xilin.Application oflithofacies palaeogeography in petroleum exploration[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2004,6(1):101-109(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[3]李思田.活动论构造古地理与中国大型叠合盆地海相油气聚集研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(6):22-29.Li Sitian.Mobilistic tectono-paleogeography and marine hydrocarbonaccumulation in superimposed basins in China[J].Earth ScienceFrontiers,2006,13(6):22-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]代金友,何顺利.鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田奥陶系古地貌研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(3):37-39,43.Dai Jinyou,He Shunli.Ordovician paleokarst landform of CentralGas Field in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):37-39,43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]宋建国,李启明.古地理、古气候与烃源岩—1992年AAPG/IFP国际学术会议综述[J].石油学报,1993,14(1):51-54.Song Jianguo,Li Qiming.Paleography,Paleoclimate and source rock–A summary of AAPG/IFP 1992 international conference[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,1993,14(1):51-54(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]许效松,门玉澎,张海全.古陆、古隆与古地理[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2010,30(3):1-10.Xu Xiaosong,Men Yupeng,Zhang Haiquan.Old land,old upliftand palaeogeography[J].Sedimentary Geology and TethyanGeology,2010,30(3):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]陈炳华.冀中地区古构造和古地貌分析对评价古潜山油藏的意义[J].石油学报,1980,1(4):49-55.Chen Binghua.On the relation between the distribution of theburied-hill oil fields and the evolution of paleostructures andpaleogeomorphological features in middle hebei[J].Acta PetroleiSinica,1980,1(4):49-55(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]祝贺,刘家铎,孟万斌,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起寒武系层序及岩相古地理[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(4):344-348.Zhu He,Liu Jiaduo,Meng Wanbin,at al.The Cambrian sequenceand lithofacies paleogeography in Bachu Uplift in Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(4):344-348(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[9]王恕一,黄继文,蒋小琼.塔里木盆地上奥陶统沉积及古地理特征[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(3):236-248.Wang Shuyi,Huang Jiwen,Jiang Xiaoqiong.The sedimentary andpalaeogeographic characteristics of the Upper Ordovician in theTarim basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(3):236-248(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]何国琦,李茂松,韩宝福.中国西南天山及邻区大地构造研究[J].新疆地质,2001,19(1):7-11.He Guoqi,Li Maosong,Han Baofu.Geotectonic research ofsouthwest Tianshan and its west adjacent area,China[J].XinjiangGeology,2001,19(1):7-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]冯增昭,鲍志东,吴茂炳,等.塔里木地区寒武纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2006,8(4):427-439.Feng Zengzhao,Bao Zhidong,Wu Maobing,et al.LithofaciesPalaeogeography of the Cambrian in Tarim area[J].Journal ofPalaeogeography,2006,8(4):427-439(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[12]李荣社,计文化,赵振明,等.昆仑早古生代造山带研究进展[J].地质通报,2007,26(4):373-382.Li Rongshe,Ji Wenhua,Zhao Zhenming,et al.Progress in thestudy of the Early Paleozoic Kunlun orogenic belt[J].GeologicalBulletin of China,2007,26(4):373-382(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[13]何登发,周新源,张朝军,等.塔里木地区奥陶纪原型盆地类型及其演化[J].科学通报,2007,52(增刊):126-135.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Zhang Chaojun,at al.Ordovicianprototype basins and evolution in Tarim area[J].Chinese ScienceBulletin,2007,52(supp.):126-135(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[14]郭召杰,李茂松.中天山早古生代离散地体构造的讨论[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),1993,29(3):356-362.Guo Zhaojie,Li Maosong.On the early Paleozoic dispersedterranes in Mid-Tianshan[J].Acta Scientiarum NaturaliumUnivereitatis Pekinensis,1993,29(3):356-362(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[15]冯增昭,鲍志东,吴茂炳,等.塔里木地区寒武纪和奥陶纪岩相古地理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005:59-71.Feng Zengzhao,Bao Zhidong,Wu Maobing,at al.LithofaciesPaleogeography of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Tarim Area[M].Beijing:Ceological Publishing House,2005:59-71(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[16]汪新文,陈发景.塔北—南天山地区震旦—奥陶纪盆-山构造演化及其与油气关系[J].现代地质,1997,11(3):313-321.Wang Xinwen,Chen Fajing.Sinian-Ordovician tectonic evolutionof North Tarim and South Tianshan region and its relation to oiland gas[J].Geoscience,1997,11(3):313-321(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[17]汤良杰,张一伟,金之钧,等.塔里木盆地、柴达木盆地的开合旋回[J].地质通报,2004,23(3):254-260.Tang Liangjie,Zhang Yiwei,Jin Zhijun,at al.Opening-closingcycles of the Tarim and Qaidam basins,northwestern China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2004,23(3):254-260(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[18]何登发,白武明,孟庆任.塔里木盆地地球动力学演化与含油气系统旋回[J].地球物理学报,1998,41(增刊):77-87.He Dengfa,Bai Wuming,Meng Qingren.Geodynamic Evolutionand Petroleum System Cycle of Tarim Basin[J].Acta GeophysicaSinica,1998,41(supp.):77-87(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207-221.He Dengfa,Zhou Xinyuan,Yang Haijun,at al.Formationmechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in theTarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):207-221(inChinese with English abstract).
[20]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖,等.塔里木盆地及周边地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:1-110.Jia Chengzao,Zhang Shiben,Wu Shaozu,at al.Stratigraphy of theTarim Basin and Adjacent Areas[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:1-110(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]周志毅.塔里木盆地各纪地层[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:1-80.Zhou Zhiyi.Stratigraphy of the Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2001:1-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]雍天寿.塔里木盆地库南1井寒武—奥陶系[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(4):348-362.Yong Tianshou.Study on Cambrian-Ordovician in well kunan1,Tarim basin[J],Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1997,18(4):348-362(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]张师本,黄智斌,朱怀城,等.塔里木盆地覆盖区显生宙地层[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:262.Z hang Shiben,Huang Zhibin,Zhu Huaicheng,at al.PhanerozoicEonothem in Covered Area of Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustry Press,2004:262(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:71-81.Jia Chengzao,Wei Guoqi,Yao Huijun,et al.Tectonic Evolutionand Regional Structural Geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1995:71-81(in Chinese).
[25]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:390-424.Jia Chengzao.Tectonic Characteristics and Oil and Gas in TarimBasin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:390-424(in Chinese).
[26]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Li Desheng,et al.Formation andevolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&GasGeology,2005,26(1):64-77(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]孙晓猛,王璞珺,刘鹏举,等.兴地断裂构造特征及其演化历史[J].新疆地质,2006,24(4):348-353.Sun Xiaomeng,Wang Pujun,Liu Pengju,et al.Structural featuresand tectonic evolutionary history of Xingdi fault[J].XinjiangGeology,2006,24(4):348-353(in Chinese with English abstract).
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